---
title: "lǎo qīng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/lao-qing-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# lǎo qīng chá (老青茶)

老青茶 (*lǎo qīng chá*, "itiye eliluhlaza elidala") akusona isiphuzo senkomishi, kodwa isisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe: okuyisisekelo esimahhadlahhadla, esivuthiwe esimnyama, okuyisona esisetshenziselwa ukucindezela isitini esiluhlaza esidumile 青砖茶 (*qīng zhuān chá*) eningizimu yesifundazwe saseHubei. Ukuzwisisa iHubei njengesinye sezikhungo zomlando zetiye elimnyama (黑茶, *hēi chá*) akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqala ngalesi sisekelo.

## Umsuka kanye ne-Terroir

Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza yidolobhana i-羊楼洞 (*Yánglóudòng*) esifundeni, namuhla esibizwa ngegama elithi 赤壁 (*Chìbì*, "Itshe Elibomvu"), futhi ngaphambi kuka-1998 lalibizwa ngokuthi 蒲圻 (*Púqí*). Ngokokuphatha, lokhu kuyinngizimu yeHubei, isifunda sase-咸宁 (*Xiánníng*) — indawo enamagquma, enomswakama lapho kuhlangana khona imifula nezintaba eziphansi zomfula iYangtze.

Isimo sezulu lapha siwusubtropical monsoon: izimvula eziningi zasehlobo, ikwindla efudumele futhi ende, nenkungu evamile ezigodini. Inhlabathi — wubomvu obolile kanye nophuzi ophuzi emadwaleni e-slate nase-sandstone, e-acidic futhi edonsa kahle amanzi. Yingxube yomswakama nokufudumala okwanele okuvumela isihlahla ukuba sikhulise iqabunga elikhulu, eliminyene elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenol — yilokho okuyisisekelo esimahhadlahhadla, okwakungathathwa njengokukhule ngokweqile kumatiye aluhlaza amnene, kodwa lapha kuyinjwayelo futhi kuyinzuzo.

Ukubaluleka komlando weYangloudong kukhulu kunesifunda esisodwa: kusuka lapha kwakunwebeka "Indlela Enkulu Yetiye" (万里茶道, *wànlǐ chádào*) — umzila wezinqola neyemifula, lapho itiye elicindezelwe lalihanjiswa nge-Hankou (汉口) liya enyakatho, eMongolia, eSiberia, nakude ezimakethe zaseRussia. Lokhu kugxila kwangaphandle kwanquma bonke ubuchwepheshe: itiye lenziwa ukuba likwazi ukuthuthwa, ligcinwe isikhathi eside, futhi likulungele ukuphekwa nobisi nosawoti.

## Izinhlobonhlobo

Isisekelo seHubei esiluhlaza esidala sisekelwe ohlotsheni lwendawo lwabantu abaningi — 本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong) (*běndì qúntǐ zhǒng*), i-landrace yaseningizimu yeHubei yezihlahla, eyakhiwe emakhulwini eminyaka ezungeze iYangloudong nePuqi. Le akuyona i-clone, kodwa iyisixuku sembewu exubile enokuhlukahluka okubanzi kofuzo: amaqabunga ahlukahlukene, ukukhuthazela, kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza inqwaba yeqabunga elimahhadlahhadla, eligcwele i-polyphenol.

Esitinini esiluhlaza, lolu hlobo lufaneleka kahle: inhloso akukhona ubumnene beqhuma, kodwa ihlumela elivuthiwe elinamaqabunga amaningi elikwazi ukumelana ne-[渥堆](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wodui) (*wòduī*, ukubola okumanzi), ukucindezelwa okulandelayo, nokuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi.

## Ubuchwepheshe

Ukwakhiwa kwe-老青茶 kuhluke ngokuphelele kumatiye aluhlaza amancane futhi kwenziwa "ngezigaba" ezimbili zezinto ezingavuthiwe, eziyobe sezihlukana ngesitini kamuva.

Ukulandelana okuyisisekelo:

- **杀青 (*shāqīng*)** — ukulungiswa, ukumisa ama-enzyme ngokushisa, njengasetiyeni eliluhlaza, kodwa kulungiselwe izinto ezingavuthiwe ezimahhadla.
- **揉捻 (*róuniǎn*)** — ukusonta, ukuphula isakhiwo samangqamuzana eqabunga.
- **渥堆 (*wòduī*)** — isinyathelo esibalulekile setiye elimnyama: inqwaba yamaqabunga ifakwa ezindundumeni ezimanzi futhi ivunyelwe ukuba yenze "ukuphamba" kwe-microbial-enzymatic. Lapha kuvela umbala omnyama, ubumnene, nethoni yokuvuthwa okuyisici.
- **复揉 (*fùróu*)** — ukusonta okuphindwe kabili ngemva kwenqwaba.
- **晒干 (*shàigān*)** — ukomiswa, ngokwesiko elangeni.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kutholakala izinto ezingavuthiwe zezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ezibekwa ngezendlalelo ekukhiqizeni isitini:

- **面茶 (*miànchá*)** — itiye "lobuso", elithe xaxa, lisetshenziselwa izendlalelo zangaphandle ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi; ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukwenza 洒面 (*sǎmiàn*) — ukusakaza phezu kobuso.
- **里茶 (*lǐchá*)** — itiye "langaphakathi", limahhadla kakhulu, ligcwalisa maphakathi nesitini.

Isisekelo esiluhlaza esidala esiqediwe siyaphekwa ngomusi futhi sicindezelwe sibe izimo. Isiko laseHubei lazi izimo ezimbalwa (形制, *xíngzhì*): isitini (砖, *zhuān*), itiye elixegayo (散, *sǎn*), izimbenge nokuluka (篓/篮, *lǒu / lán*), kanye "nezinsika" zetiye (柱, *zhù*). Isitini esinamandla, esingunxande, esikulungele ukuthuthwa ngezinqola, yisona esigqamile.

Engxenyeni yomkhiqizo waseHubei, njengakumugqa we-茯砖 (*fú zhuān*) kusuka e-Anhua naseShaanxi, kwenziwa umzamo oqondile wokwenza 发花 (*fāhuā*) — ukukhula "kwembali esagolide" i-金花 (*jīn huā*), isikhunta esizuzisayo i-*Eurotium cristatum*, esinikeza izizukulwane zezinhlamvu eziphuzi ngokugqamile ngaphakathi kwesitini. Lesi sici asijwayelekile esitini eliluhlaza, kodwa siyingxenye yezikhali zesifunda.

## Amazinga kanye nezigaba

I-老青茶 iyingxenye yomkhakha wamatiye amnyama (黑茶) kanye neqembu lamatiye acindezelwe (紧压茶, *jǐnyāchá*). Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nesitini esiluhlaza esiqediwe kulawulwa amazinga kahulumeni embonini ochungechungeni lwe-GB/T, aqopha izigaba zezinto ezingavuthiwe (面茶 / 里茶), imingcele yokucindezela, umswakama, ne-organoleptic. Izinombolo ezithile zamazinga azinikezwanga ngenhloso lapha, ukuze kungathathelwa indawo umqulu ngenkumbulo.

Ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile — ngemizila yokuthengisa (channel), okwakumisa

 ngokomlando iresiphi nohlobo:

- **[边销](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bianxiao-qiaoxiao) (*biānxiāo*)** — "ukuhweba ngasemngceleni", umzila womlando oyinhloko: itiye lezizwe ezifuyayo ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga.
- **侨销 (*qiáoxiāo*)** — elomiphakathi yamaShayina aphesheya.
- **内销 (*nèixiāo*)** — imakethe yasekhaya.
- **出口 (*chūkǒu*)** — ukuthekelisa.

Esinye isici esiyisisekelo — ukuvuthwa: amatiye amnyama aseHubei angamalungu ohlobo 越陈越好 (*yuè chén yuè hǎo*), "indala yiyona engcono", futhi uma igcinwe ngendlela efanele, ijula ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

## Ukunambitheka kanye nokwenza itiye

Ukumnika kwesisekelo esiluhlaza esidala kanye nesitini esiluhlaza — kusuka kusawolintshi omnyama kuya kobomvu nsundu, kucacile kumasampula avuthiwe. Ukunambitheka kuminyene, kuthambile, ngaphandle kobukhali obumuncu betiye eliluhlaza elisencane: izici ezivelele ezokuvuthwa (陈, *chén*), izinkuni, amaqabunga omile, ngezinye izikhathi ubumnandi obuthambile ngemuva kokunambitheka. Uma kukhona i-金花, kufaka isendlalelo sephunga elimangalisayo "lekhowe" (菌香, *jūn xiāng*) nobushelelezi obuyisipesheli.

Ngenxa yokucindezelwa okuqinile kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimahhadla, leli tiye lembula kancane, ngakho-ke indlela yesintu akukhona ukuthululwa, kodwa ukuphekwa (煮, *zhǔ*): ucezu olugqekeziwe luyabiliswa. Ngokwesiko lasemathafeni, liphekwa nobisi nosawoti, kuvele isiphuzo esisuthisayo samanomade. Enkomishini, ukumnika isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nokuthululeka kaningana kuyafaneleka — amagramu amancane awasebenzi lapha.

## Umlando namasiko

I-Yangloudong kukhulunywa ngayo njengendawo yetiye kusukela kudala, kodwa ukukhula kwangempela kwetiye elicindezelwe kwenzeka ngezikhathi zeMing neQing, lapho kwakheka khona ukuhweba okuzinzile nezizwe zasenyakatho. Ngekhulu le-19, isifunda saba ngenye yezindawo ezibalulekile kwaleyo "Ndlela Enkulu Yetiye" esivele ishiwo: ngeHankou, isitini esiluhlaza sasihanjiswa ngezinqola nemikhumbi siya ezimakethe zaseRussia. Kukhona isithombe esaziwayo esihambisana nalokhu kuthunyelwa — isitini esinohlamvu lwesiShayina 川 (*chuān*, "umfudlana"), umklamo odumile "wemigqa emithathu" ohlangothini olungaphambili lwezitini eziningi zaseHubei.

Kanjaloke isisekelo esiluhlaza esidala saba yibhuloho lamasiko: itiye elimahhadla, elingenakubhadla leningizimu yeHubei londla futhi lafudumeza izizwe, ezazingenako iqabunga eliluhlaza elisha, futhi amakhulu eminyaka lahlala liwuhlobo lwemali ekuhwebeni ngasemngceleni.

## Indlela yokuhlukanisa

- **Kumatiye aluhlaza amancane** — i-老青茶 yenziwa ngehlumela elivuthiwe, elinamaqabunga amaningi, elimahhadla, futhi impela yenziwa nge-渥堆; leli itiye elimnyama, hhayi eliluhlaza, ngaphandle kwegama elithi "luhlaza" egameni (libhekisela ohlotsheni lokuqala lokulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, hhayi esigabeni sokugcina).
- **Kusuka ku-shu puer (普洱熟)** — womabili enza ukubola okumanzi, kodwa i-puer yenziwa nge-大叶种 (*dàyèzhǒng*) enkulu yase-Yunnan bese icindezelwa ibe amaqebelengwane ne-tocha; isitini saseHubei — nge-landrace yaseningizimu yeHubei, singunxande, sinokuhlukaniswa ngo-面茶 no-里茶 futhi ngokuvamile sibhalwe uhlamvu 川.
- **Kusuka ku-茯砖 (*fú zhuān*)** wase-Anhua naseShaanxi — kukhona ukuhlobana emugqeni wokwenza i-发花/金花, kodwa i-fuzhuan ichazwa ngempela "imbali esagolide" eyisibopho, kanti esitini eliluhlaza laseHubei elijwayelekile, i-金花 iyisici esingaba khona kodwa hhayi okuyisibopho.
- **Ngokwesimo kanye nokubhalwe** — isitini esingunxande esiqinile esinemigqa ewumfuziselo, isakhiwo esinezendlalelo lapho sikhashulwa (isendlalelo "sobuso" esincane kanye naphakathi okumahhadla) — yizimpawu zesici sokucindezela kweHubei.

Isisekelo esiluhlaza esidala — yisimo esingandile lapho "ubumahhadla" bezinto ezingavuthiwe buphakanyiswe baba wuhlelo: yibo kanye ubunikeze itiye elimnyama laseHubei ukukhuthazela kwalo, indlela ekude, nokuphila okude lapho ligcinwe sivuthiwe.