---
title: "kǔguā chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/kugua-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# kǔguā chá (苦瓜茶)

I-苦瓜茶 (*kǔguā chá*) yi-infusion eyenziwe ngomkhontshane wokubaba owomile (*Momordica charantia*), ongewona itiye langempela elivela eqabungeni le-*Camellia sinensis*, kodwa oyingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izithako zokuthatha indawo yetiye, noma ama-infusions ekhambi (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*). Ngaphansi kwaleli gama elifanayo eningizimu ye-China nase-Taiwan kutholakala nomkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe, lapho izingcezu noma impushana yomkhontshane wokubaba ihlanganiswa netiye eliluhlaza.

> Inothi lokuhlela: umthombo wocwaningo okhethekile kuleli thema awuzange utholakale, ngakho-ke okubhalwayo kusekelwe olwazini olujwayelekile olunengqondo; ezinye izitatimende zimakwe njengezingaqinisekisiwe.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** indawo yetiye, i-infusion yekhambi (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*)
* **Isigaba:** i-infusion eyenziwe ngomkhontshane wokubaba owomile (*Momordica charantia*); ngaphandle kwesigaba sebhothani setiye langempela le-*Camellia sinensis*
* **Imvelaphi:** indawo eshisayo ne-subtropical ye-China, kanye ne-Taiwan

Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, i-苦瓜茶 akulona itiye ngomqondo webhothani. Umkhontshane wokubaba (苦瓜, *kǔguā*) uyisitshalo esisemvinini sosapho lwamathanga, futhi izithelo zawo, ezisikiwe zomiswa, zenziwa zifuze itiye. Ekuhlukanisweni kweziphuzo kwesiShayina, imikhiqizo enjalo ivamise ukuhamba njenge-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*) — "indawo yetiye" — noma njengesiphuzo semifino. Inombolo ethile yezinga likahulumeni (GB/T) elawula ngokuqondile i-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba ayiqinisekisiwe ezintweni zokwaziswa esinafinyelela kuzo, ngakho-ke asiyisho ngamabomu; izimfuneko ezijwayelekile zemikhiqizo enjalo zichazwa kumazinga ama-infusions ekhambi nezitshalo kanye nokuphepha kokudla.

Kunezincazelo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuyisisekelo zegama:

* **I-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba ehlanzekile** — imibuthano eyomisiwe noma amakhubhu ezithelo ngaphandle kokufaka itiye lamacembe.
* **I-苦瓜茶 ehlanganisiwe** — umkhontshane wokubaba owomile, oxutshwe noma ohlanganiswe ndawonye netiye eliluhlaza; kwezinye izindlela zase-Taiwan, iqabunga letiye, ngokusho kwezinye izincazelo, lifakwa ngaphakathi esithelweni esikhishwe ngaphakathi futhi somisiwe (lobu buchwepheshe buchazwa njengobesifunda futhi lapha bunikezwa njengobungaqinisekisiwe).

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:**

Umkhontshane wokubaba ugxilile ekuphekeni eningizimu ye-China, futhi umqondo wokuwomisa ukwenza i-infusion ukhule esikweni elijwayelekile le-代用茶 — ukwenza njengo "tiye" izimbali, izithelo kanye namakhambi atholakala ngenkathi yawo. Ezifundazweni eziseningizimu nase-Taiwan, lapho isiko leziphuzo "ezipholile" zasehlobo lithuthuke kakhulu, i-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba ithathe indawo yesiphuzo esiqabulayo sansuku zonke ngenkathi yokushisa.

Emikhubeni yokudayisa yase-Taiwan nasezweni elikhulu leminyaka yama-20th – 21st, i-苦瓜茶 yahlelwa njengomkhiqizo osupakishwe osuphelile — kusukela ezingcezwini ezomisiwe ezilula kuya ekuhlanganiseni okusemaphaketheni nasempushaneni. Izinsuku eziqondile zokuvela kwezinguqulo zezimboni kanye nezimboni eziqondile ezingamaphayona azikaqinisekiswa ezintweni zethu, ngakho-ke azishiwongo lapha.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela: i-苦瓜茶 isiphuzo sokudla, hhayi ikhambi lokwelapha. Noma iziphi izimangalo zempilo, ezivame ukuhambisana nokudayisa, zingaphandle kwencazelo ye-encyclopedia futhi azinikezwanga lapha.

**3. Incazelo Yebhothani kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

Umkhontshane wokubaba (苦瓜, *kǔguā*) uyisitshalo esisemvinini sosapho lwamathanga; izithelo zawo zisetshenziselwa i-infusion. Ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zokomisa, izithelo zivunwa, ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, lapho inyama isiqinile, futhi umgodi wembewu ungakagcwali izimbewu eziqinile ezivuthiwe ezinomgodla obomvu we-arillus. Isithelo esivuthwe ngokweqile sinikeza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezimahhadlahhadla futhi sishintsha ukunambitheka ngokusobala.

Ngaphakathi kohlobo, kuhlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezolimo zomkhontshane wokubaba, futhi ukukhetha uhlobo kunomthelela oqondile kuphrofayili ye-infusion.

* **Umkhontshane wokubaba oluhlaza (oluhlaza okotshani ngokumnyama)** — onokubaba okukhulu kanye nesikhumba esiqinile, i-infusion egcwele kakhudlwana, "ebukhali" ngokubaba.
* **Umkhontshane wokubaba omhlophe (oluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo, "i-jade")** — omnene ngokubaba, onokunambitheka okuthambile kakhudlwana; uyathandwa ekuhlanganiseni okuthambile.
* Izinhlobo ezithela izithelo ezincane "zasendle" nezingekho ngokuphelele ezifuyiwe, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuthi i-野苦瓜 (*yě kǔguā*), zihluke ngokubaba okunamandla futhi zisetshenziselwa ngempela ama-infusions.

Izinhlobo ezithile ezibhalisiwe ze-cultivar zokukhiqiza i-infusion azikaqinisekiswa ezintweni zethu, ngakho-ke amagama athile ezentengiselwano awanikezwanga lapha.

**4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:**

Umkhontshane wokubaba utshalwa kabanzi endaweni eshisayo ne-subtropical ye-China. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokutshala izinto ezingavuthiwe ezidayiswayo — izifundazwe i-**Guangdong (广东), i-Guangxi (广西), i-Hainan (海南), i-Fujian (福建), i-Yunnan (云南)**, kanye ne-**Taiwan**. Isitshalo sithanda ukufudumala, sidinga inkathi yokufudumala ende, ilanga eliningi kanye nenhlabathi edonsa amanzi kahle; ezindaweni ezisenyakatho sitshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka ovamile endaweni evulekile ehlobo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ukwenza i-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba, empeleni, ukukhipha amanzi okulawulwayo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zemifino. Ukulandelana okujwayelekile kwemisebenzi yile elandelayo.

1. **Ukukhetha nokugeza** (挑选、清洗). Kuthathwa izithelo eziqinile, ezingavuthwanga ngokweqile, kususwa ezinesici.
2. **Ukukhipha umgodi wembewu** (去瓤). Isithelo siyasikwa bese kukhishwa izimbewu kanye nezicubu zangaphakathi ezixegayo; ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile kuncike lapho kulokhu kucophelela.
3. **Ukusika** (切片). Izinto ezingavuthiwe zisikwa zibe izindandatho noma amakhubhu anobukhulu obujwayelekile — lokhu kuqinisekisa ukomiswa okulinganayo.
4. **Ukuqhubekela kwangaphambili** (ukumiswa kwangaphambili noma ukuphathwa kokushisa okufushane). Ngokwezinye izincazelo kusetshenziswa ukubilisa okufushane (blanching) noma ukuphathwa kwe-steam ukuze kulungiswe umbala futhi kwehliswe ithoni "enjengotshani"; lesi sigaba sibalulwa njengesiguquguqukayo.
5. **Ukomisa** (干燥). Kusetshenziswa ukomisa ngelanga, umoya oshisayo, noma, ngendlela yesimanjemanje, ukomisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi ne-vacuum, okulondoloza umbala.
6. **Ukushisisa/ukugazinga** (焙火 / 炒制). Kwenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe, izingcezu zenziwa zifudumeke ngokwengeziwe noma zigazingwe kancane, okunikeza ithoni elula e-gaziyiwe, enjengamantongomane ne-caramel futhi kwehlise ukuqina kokubaba.
7. **Ukuhlanganisa** (kwezinguqulo ezinetiye eliluhlaza). Umkhontshane wokubaba owomile uxutshwa netiye eliluhlaza eseliphelele noma kuqhubekwe ndawonye.
8. **Ukuhlunga nokupakisha** (分级、包装). Umkhiqizo osuphelile uyahlelwa ngosayizi futhi upakishwe, uvikeleke emswakamweni.

Izinga lokugazinga kanye nokuba khona/noma ukungabikho kwengxenye yetiye — yizona "indlela ezihlukene" eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe, ezinquma umlingiswa wokugcina womkhiqizo.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Umkhiqizo owomile ubonakala njengomibuthano namakhubhu aluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo, aluhlaza osagolide noma, ezinguqulweni ezigaziwe, ansundu ngokwe-amber. Iphunga — linjengotshani-mifino, linamathoni agaziyiwe futhi amnandi kancane ezinguqulweni ezishisisiwe.

I-infusion inikeza **umbala ophuzi okhanyayo noma osagolide**. Ukunambitheka — **kubabayo** ngokusobala, nobubaba "obuhlanzekile" obujwayelekile bamathanga, obulandelwa ukunambitheka okumnandi okuthambile okuyisisekelo (回甘, *huígān*) ezintweni ezingavuthiwe eziseqophelweni eliphezulu. Izinguqulo ezigaziwe zinikeza ithoni e-round kakhudlwana, efudumele, enjengamantongomane-nokusanhlamvu; ukuhlanganisa netiye eliluhlaza kwengeza ubusha kanye nokuncinza okulula.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Inkomba yokwenziwa kwetiye (njengakwamanye ama-infusions ekhambi; kukhethwa ngokunambitheka):

* **Isilinganiso:** cishe amagremu 3 – 6 ezinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile emanzini angamamililitha 300 – 500.
* **Izinga lokushisa:** i-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba ehlanzekile ivuleka kahle ngamanzi abilayo ashubile (95 – 100 °C); ukuhlanganisa netiye eliluhlaza — kuncane, cishe 85 °C, ukuze kungashiswa ingxenye yetiye.
* **Isikhathi:** imizuzu 3 – 5 nge-infusion yokuqala; izinto ezingavuthiwe zikwazi ukumelana nokuchithwa okuningana, kancane kancane zikhipha ukubaba.
* Imvamisa kuphuzwa futhi kubanda, lapho i-infusion eqinile isipholisiwe — ukubaba kuzwakala kuhlanzekile kakhudlwana ngaleyo ndlela.

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukubaba, ekhaya i-infusion ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izithako zezitshalo noma ihanjiswe nobumnandi obulula; lolu udaba lokunambitheka, hhayi ingxenye eyinkambiso yomkhiqizo.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Njengayo yonke imikhiqizo yezitshalo eyomisiwe, i-infusion yomkhontshane wokubaba idinga ukupakishwa okomile, okupholile, okuvikelwe ekukhanyeni; umkhiqizo oswakeme ulahlekelwa umbala nephunga ngokushesha.

**11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Zomgunyathi:**

Okufanele kubhekwe lapho ukhetha:

* **Ubunjalo bomkhiqizo.** I-苦瓜茶 ehlanzekile ayinacembe le-*Camellia sinensis*; uma kuhlu lwezithako kubhalwe itiye eliluhlaza, ubheke umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe. Uhlu lwezithako ephaketheni — luyinkomba yokuqala.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezingcezwini.** Emkhiqizweni wekhwalithi ephakeme kubonakala izindandatho ezihlanzekile noma amakhubhu anomgodi wembewu osusiwe; ubuningi bezimbewu nezicubu ezixegayo kukhombisa ukusebenza ngobudedengu.
* **Umbala.** Umbala oluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo ogciniwe noma umbala we-amber olinganayo (kweggaziwe) uncono kunombala o-fade onsundu-ngwevu, okhombisa ukushiswa ngokweqile noma ukuguga.
* **Iphunga.** Ithoni ehlanzekile enjengotshani-mifino noma egaziyiwe ngaphandle kokunuka kwesikhutha kanye nephunga lesikhunta.
* **Ukunambitheka kwe-infusion.** Ukubaba kufanele kube "okuhlanzekile," okuya ekunambithekeni okumnandi okusele; ukubaba okuqhubekayo okungemnandi, okunjenge "khemikhali" noma okubabayo okudlulele — yinkomba yekhwalithi ephansi noma izinto ezingavuthiwe ezonakele.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-苦瓜茶 ingumeleli wesiko elibanzi nelidala laseShayina "lamatiye" ekhambi, lapho ukubaba okuyisici komkhontshane wokubaba kuguqulwe kwaba uhlobo lokunambitheka oluzimele — kusukela ekubabeni okuqondile kwe-infusion ehlanzekile kuya ekuhlanganiseni okugazingiwe okuthambile kanye namatiye.