---
title: "I-Kuding"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/kuding-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-31
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Kuding (苦丁茶, kǔdīng chá)

I-Kuding (苦丁茶, *kǔdīng chá*) iyindawo emuncu yamaqabunga ezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza, okuthi eShayina iphekwe futhi iphuzwe ngendlela yetiye, kodwa akuyona itiye ngomqondo wezitshalo. Ayinawo iqabunga lesihlahla setiye (Camellia sinensis) esakhiweni sayo, ngakho-ke ohlelweni lwaseShayina lweziphuzo, i-kuding ibhekiswa "kumatiye ashintshayo" (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) — izindawo zezitshalo eziphuzwa esikhundleni setiye. Igama ngokwalo lakhiwa izinhlamvu 苦 (*kǔ*) "omuncu" kanye no-丁 (*dīng*) "isipikili": ubumuncu obukhali kanye nesimo esijwayelekile seqabunga eligoqwe "njengesipikili" kwanikeza umkhiqizo igama lawo. Ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa "kuding" kufihlwe izitshalo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele ezivela emindenini ehlukene yezitshalo — i-holly enamaqabunga amakhulu kanye ne-privet enamacembe amancane, — futhi yilokhu kuphindeka okwenza lesi sikhundla sibe ngesinye sezidideke kakhulu emakethe ye-herbal. I-Kuding isakazeke eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina, lapho sekungamakhulu eminyaka yaziswa njengesiphuzo "esipholisayo" sansuku zonke sesizini esishisayo futhi njengendlela emuncu esikhundleni setiye.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** indawo yesitshalo, indawo esikhundleni setiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*); akulona itiye elivela ku-Camellia sinensis.
* **Isigaba:** izindawo zezitshalo nezimbali ezomile (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) — ngaphandle kwesigaba sezitshalo setiye esivela ku-Camellia sinensis
* **Isici esiyinhloko:** igama elilodwa lokuhweba — izinto ezimbili ezihlukene zezitshalo.

Kufanele kushiwo ngokuqondile: akukho qabunga lesihlahla setiye ku-kuding. Itiye langempela lihlobene nayo kuphela ngendlela yokucubungula nokupheka, kanye nendima yesiko yesiphuzo. Ekuhlukanisweni kwezimpahla zaseShayina, imikhiqizo enjalo idlula njenge-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*) noma njengesiphuzo sesitshalo, hhayi njengetiye (茶, *chá*) ngomqondo oqinile.

Ngaphansi kwegama "kuding" emakethe kuhlala ndawonye izinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuyisisekelo:

* **I-Kuding enamacembe amakhulu (大叶苦丁, *dàyè kǔdīng*):** ama-holly omndeni wakwa-Holly (Aquifoliaceae). Emithonjeni yezincwadi, kuvame ukushiwo i-*Ilex latifolia* Thunb. kanye ne-*Ilex kudingcha* C.J. Tseng. Ukubekwa kwezitshalo lapha akukaqiniseki ngokuphelele: ngaphansi kwempahla yokuhweba kungafihlwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziseduze ze-holly, futhi ukuzimela kwe-*Ilex kudingcha* njengohlobo kuxoxwa ngochwepheshe. Izifunda — i-Hainan, i-Guangxi, i-Guangdong, i-Sichuan, i-Yunnan. Iqabunga likhulu, ligoqwe laba "yisipikili" esiqinile noma umoya ovunguzayo.
* **I-Kuding enamacembe amancane (小叶苦丁, *xiǎoyè kǔdīng*):** i-privet *Ligustrum robustum* yomndeni wakwa-Olive (Oleaceae) — okusho ukuthi iyisihlobo se-lilac ne-olive, hhayi neze i-holly. Izifunda — i-Guizhou ne-Sichuan. Iqabunga lincane, lincanyana, ngaphandle liseduze nempahla evamile evuthulukile enamaqabunga.

Lapha kufanele kukhulunywe ngomkhuba we-同名異物 (*tóng míng yì wù*) — "igama elilodwa, izinto ezahlukene", okuvamile ekuqanjweni kwamagama ezitshalo zaseShayina. I-Kuding ngokwayo iyisibonelo esinjalo. Ukufana okuthakazelayo — indawo ye-buckwheat [苦荞茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/kuqiaomai) (*kǔqiáo chá*): kuleli gama, uhlamvu 苦 alukhomba ukunambitheka okumuncu kwesiphuzo, kodwa lungenela egameni lesitshalo 苦荞 (*kǔqiáo*, i-buckwheat yaseTatari, *Fagopyrum tataricum*), ephikisana ne-buckwheat "emnandi" 甜荞 (*tiánqiáo*). Okusho ukuthi egameni elithi "kuding" i-苦 ichaza ukunambitheka, kanti egameni elithi "kuqiao" — uhlobo lwesitshalo; isiphuzo se-buckwheat ngokwaso sithambile futhi sinamantongomane, hhayi okumuncu.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:**

* **Indawo yesiko:** eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina.
* **Indima:** isiphuzo "esipholisayo" sasekhaya, ingxenye yesiko lezindawo ze-herbal.

I-Kuding inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa njengesiphuzo sabantu ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Ihleleke kahle esikweni "lemijuxuzo epholisayo" (凉茶, *liángchá*), ejwayelekile e-Guangdong, e-Guangxi, e-Hainan, e-Hong Kong nase-Macau, lapho iziphuzo ze-herbal ezimuncu ziphuzelwa "ukususa ukushisa" esimweni sezulu esifudumele sase-subtropical. I-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu ye-holly ihlobene kakhulu ne-Hainan naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-privet enamacembe amancane — nezifunda zezintaba zase-Guizhou.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela amagama okuhweba ezifunda. I-kuding enamacembe amancane yase-Guizhou ivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi 青山绿水 (*qīngshān lǜshuǐ*, "izintaba eziluhlaza namanzi ahlanzekile"), okugcizelela umsuka emahlathini asezintabeni. "Izipikili" ezinamaqabunga amakhulu zaziswa ngenxa yokubukeka okubonakalayo kwempahla eyomile, ekhula kahle ezitsheni zengilazi.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla:**

* **Isitshalo samaqabunga amakhulu:** izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza nezihlahla zohlobo lwe-holly (*Ilex*), ezinamaqabunga amakhulu aqinile anesikhumba.
* **Isitshalo samacembe amancane:** i-privet *Ligustrum robustum*, isihlahla noma isihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga amancane amancanyana.

Umehluko wempahla ubonakala ngamehlo futhi uyisiqondiso esiyinhloko lapho uthenga:

* **Impahla ye-kuding enamacembe amakhulu:** amaqabunga ahlukene, agoqwe abe "yisipikili" esiqinile eside noma umoya ovunguzayo ubude bungamasentimitha amaningana, aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, kuya koluhlaza sasibanzi-mnyama, aqinile futhi anzima. "Isipikili" esisodwa esinjalo — isilinganiso esigcwele kakade.
* **Impahla ye-kuding enamacembe amancane:** amaqabunga amancane agoqiwe, amancanyana, alula, ngaphandle afana neqabunga elivuthulukile eliluhlaza elijwayelekile; aphekwa ngokuvuthuluka, hhayi ngeqabunga ngalinye.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulinywa:**

* **Enaqabunga amakhulu:** i-Hainan, i-Guangxi, i-Guangdong, i-Sichuan, i-Yunnan — izintaba eziphansi ze-subtropical nezishisayo.
* **Enaqabunga amancane:** i-Guizhou, i-Sichuan — izifunda zezintaba ezinamahlathi.

Zombili izitshalo zihlanganiswe nesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama eseningizimu yeShayina, zikhula ezintabeni eziphansi nasemahlathini asezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele, lapho umswakama nokukhanya okuhlakazekile kusiza ekuqoqweni kwezinto ezisebenzayo. Ama-holly e-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu avame ukulinywa emasimini, kanti ukuqoqwa kwe-privet enamacembe amancane ngokomlando kuhlobene nezindawo ezikhula ngokwemvelo nezitshaliwe ezingxenyeni zezintaba zase-Guizhou.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

* **Umgomo:** ukucubungula iqabunga ngohlelo "oluhlaza" ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa.
* **Umehluko:** ubuchwepheshe buseduze nobetiye ngezigaba, kodwa busetshenziswa eqabungeni elingelona ele-tiye.

Ukulandelana okuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kweqabunga, ukulungisa okuluhlaza (杀青, *shāqīng*) — ukucubungulwa kokushisa, okumisa ama-enzyme oxidizing, bese kuba ukugoqa nokunikeza isimo, futhi ekugcineni, ukomisa. Nge-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu, isigaba esiyinhloko nesinzima kakhulu — ukugoqa ngesandla noma ngomshini amaqabunga amakhulu abe "yizipikili" eziqinile nemimoya evunguzayo, okuyinto umkhiqizo owathola ngayo isimo sawo esaziwayo. I-kuding enamacembe amancane igoqwa ngokuvuthuluka, njengeqabunga elivamile. Ezimweni eziningi, i-kuding ayivutshiwe, ngakho-ke ngokomqondo wokucubungula iseduze kakhulu netiye eliluhlaza, kuyilapho isalokhu ingumkhiqizo ohluke ngokuphelele ngokwezitshalo.

**6. Izici Zomzwelo:**

* **Indawo:** kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokuphuzi okuluhlaza sasibhakabhaka, obala.
* **Ukunambitheka:** ubumuncu obuvezwayo, ngezinye izikhathi obunamandla ekuqaleni, obulandelwa ukunambitheka okumnandi emva kwalokho (回甘, *huígān*).
* **Iphunga:** utshani-okwesitshalo, kunothi olumuncu.

I-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu ye-holly ngokuvamile inika ubumuncu obuqinile nobuhlala isikhathi eside, i-privet enamacembe amancane — ithambe futhi inotshani. Ukungafani phakathi kobumuncu bokuqala obunamandla kanye "nokubuya kobumnandi" okulandelayo kubhekwa njengenzuzo eyinhloko yesiphuzo futhi kuhlukanisa impahla enhle kweyisicaba futhi emuncu nje.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **I-Caffeine:** ayikho kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-kuding — umehluko obalulekile etiyeni langempela.
* **Enaqabunga amakhulu (i-holly):** ama-triterpene saponins (ezincwadini — ama-kudinosides), i-ursolic acid, ama-polyphenol, i-chlorogenic acid, ama-flavonoid.
* **Enaqabunga amancane (i-privet):** ama-phenylethanoid glycosides, i-oleanolic acid, ama-flavonoid (kuhlanganisa ne-luteolin).

Ubumuncu be-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu buhlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nama-triterpene saponins, benamaqabunga amancane — nama-phenylethanoid kanye ne-secoiridoid compounds. Ukungabikho kwe-caffeine kubalulekile: ngokungafani netiye, i-kuding ayiwaqukethe ama-alkaloid avusayo, okunquma ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwansuku zonke, kanye nemibono ngayo.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

* **Okuvame ukucatshangwa esikweni lasekhaya:** isiphuzo semvelo "epholisayo" "sokususa ukushisa" (清热, *qīngrè*) kanye "nokwehlisa umlilo" (降火, *jiàng huǒ*), ukukhululeka emva kokudla okunamafutha nokuqabula umoya.
* **Okufundwa yisayensi:** umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-polyphenol, izici zama-triterpene saponins kanye nama-phenylethanoid glycosides — isihloko saselabhorethri nocwaningo lokuqala.

Kudingeka ukuphawula okuqondile: i-kuding ingumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Izithembiso zezempilo, ezihambisana nokuhweba okuthengiswayo, zidlulela ngale kwendatshana ye-encyclopedia futhi azikwazi ukubhekwa njengemiphumela efakazelwe. Ezixwayisweni ezaziwayo jikelele, sisho ngokungathathi hlangothi: isiphuzo sibumuncu kakhulu futhi esikweni laseShayina sibhekwa "njengomoya obandayo", ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba siphuze ngokulinganisela; ukucophelela okuhlukile isiko likweluleka kubantu "abanesisu esibuthakathaka, esibandayo", ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nalabo abaphuza imithi. Imithamo ethile nezeluleko zezokwelapha azinikezwa lapha.

**9. Ukupheka:**

* **Isitsha:** ingilazi yengilazi noma iketela letiye, i-gaiwan; ingilazi ivumela ukubuka ukwembuleka "kwezipikili".
* **Isilinganiso:** sincane kakhulu. Enamaqabunga amakhulu — "isipikili" esisodwa noma ezimbili ku-250–300 ml. Enamaqabunga amancane — cishe ama-2–3 g ngalolo bungako obufanayo.
* **Izinga lokushisa:** 90–100 °C.
* **Isikhathi:** ukuchitheka kokuqala kufushane, 20–40 amasekhondi; ngemva kwalokho isikhathi siyenyuswa.
* **Ukuchitheka:** okuphindaphindekayo — "isipikili" esisodwa se-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu simelana nokuphekwa okuningana.
* **Ukuphakelwa okubandayo:** kufanelekile; ehlobo, i-kuding ithelwa ngamanzi ashisayo, iyapholiswa bese iphuzwa ipholile.

Umthetho oyinhloko — ukuthatha impahla eluhlaza encane kakhulu. I-Kuding ibumuncu kangangokuba ukweqisa umthamo kwenza indawo icishe ingaphuzeki. Ukuze kuthanjiswe ubumuncu, i-kuding ivame ukuphekwa exubene ne-chrysanthemum (菊花, *júhuā*), kanti esiphuzweni esesiphekiwe ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa uju. Ukuqala kuhle "ngesipikili" esisodwa bese ulungisa ukuqina ngokokuthanda.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* **Izimo:** indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama, ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngangokuphelele.
* **Ukuvikelwa:** emswakameni, emaphungeni angaphandle, ekukhanyeni okuqondile.

I-Kuding iyimpahla eyomile engavutshiwe, futhi, ngokungafani ne-puer, ayihloselwe ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside kanye "nokuthuthuka ngeminyaka". Igcinwa njengotshani obomile obuvamile futhi kuhloswe ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanele, kuvinjelwe ukuncengwa nokulahleka kwephunga. Isitsha esivalwe ngokuqinile nokungabikho komakhelwane nemikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla — kuyisisekelo sokulondolozeka.

**11. Intengo Nokomgunyathi:**

* **Inkomba yentengo yokuhweba:** cishe ama-82 ¥/kg njengenani lomthengisi; intengo yokuthengisa incike kakhulu ohlotsheni, emkhiqizweni nasezifundeni.
* **Indlela impahla yangempela ebukeka ngayo:** enamaqabunga amakhulu — "izipikili" ezimnyama ezinzima nemimoya evunguzayo yosayizi ofanayo; enamaqabunga amancane — amaqabunga amancane amancanyana agoqiwe ngaphandle kodoti nezinhlanga eziwile.

"Ukudideka" okuyinhloko kwalesi sikhundla — akuyona inkohliso eqondile kangako, kodwa ukungaqondakali kwegama. Umthengi uvamise ukungazi ukuthi ngempela yini ayithathayo: i-kuding enamaqabunga amakhulu ye-holly noma i-privet enamaqabunga amancane — lezi izitshalo ezimbili ezihlukene ngentengo, ukunambitheka nokwakheka, nakuba zithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa. Ngakho-ke lapho uthenga kuhle ukucacisa uhlobo (大叶 kuqhathaniswa ne-小叶), kanye negama lesiLatini lempahla. Kuyenzeka ukuxutshwa kwempahla yezinhlobo ezihlukene, ukufakwa kwamaqabunga amahhashi kanye neziqu, kanye nokushintshwa kolunye uhlobo lwe-holly noma i-privet ngenye, eshibhile. Izinkomba yizo ukufana kwesimo nosayizi, ukuhlanzeka kwempahla kanye — ekuphekweni kokuhlola — "indlela efanele" yokunambitheka kusuka ebumuncwini obunamandla kuya ekunambithekeni okumnandi emva kwalokho.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **Igama-"isipikili":** isimo seqabunga elikhulu eligoqiwe ngokwezwi nezwi sikhumbuza isipikili, okuqiniswe uhlamvu 丁 (*dīng*).
* **Imindeni emibili ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa:** i-Aquifoliaceae (i-holly) ne-Oleaceae (i-privet) — izitshalo, ezingahlobene eduze, kodwa ezinikezwe igama elilodwa lokuhweba.
* **Ngaphandle kwe-caffeine:** ukungabikho kwama-alkaloid avusayo kuvumela ukuphuza i-kuding kusihlwa, okuyinto etiyeni langempela engavamile kakhulu.
* **Isicupho sezilimi:** ku-苦丁茶 (*kǔdīng chá*) uhlamvu 苦 — lumayelana nokunambitheka, kanti ku-苦荞茶 (*kǔqiáo chá*) uhlamvu olufanayo lungenela egameni lesitshalo (i-buckwheat yaseTatari), futhi isiphuzo ngokwaso asimuncu ngaleyo ndlela.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Kuding — isibonelo esikhanyayo sendlela, lapho ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso "setiye" esijwayelekile kuphila uhlobo oluzimele lwezindawo zezitshalo. Akulona itiye futhi akulona itiye lokushintsha, kodwa i-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*) eqotho enesiko layo lamakhulu eminyaka, i-terroir yayo eningizimu yeShayina kanye nobuhle bayo obaziwayo bokunambitheka okumuncu nobumnandi obubuyayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa kukhona izitshalo ezimbili ezihlukene — i-holly enamaqabunga amakhulu ne-privet enamaqabunga amancane, — kuguqula ukuthengwa kwe-kuding kusuka e-lottery kube ukukhetha okuqaphelayo.

Kufanele iphathwe ngenhlonipho yohlobo nangokuhluzeka kwezithembiso: isiphuzo esimuncu "esipholisayo" sithatha indawo yaso esemthethweni esikweni lasekhaya laseShayina, kodwa sihlala singumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi owezokwelapha. Iphekwe ngokonga nangokuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela ethelwe enkomishini, i-kuding iyazembula njengendawo ezwakalayo futhi engenakufaniswa.