---
title: "Kāishān báimáo chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/kaishan-baimao-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Kāishān báimáo chá (开山白毛茶)

**Kaishan Baimao Cha** (*Kāishān báimáo chá*, 开山白毛茶) — «itiye laseKaishan elinoboya obumhlophe», itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobhaneni laseKaishan (开山镇) esifundeni saseBabu emasipala waseHezhou empumalanga yeGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. «Uboya obumhlophe» (白毛) egameni kusho imiqumbe enoboya, hhayi isigaba esimhlophe: umthethonqubo ubhala ngqo ukuthi «开山白毛茶（绿茶）». Isici esiyinhloko, esibizwa futhi umthethonqubo, yiphunga elimnandi le-apula elicacile. Izincazelo zifaka itiye phakathi kwamatiye amahlanu adumile endabuko aseGuangxi. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama livikelwe njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*); isigaba siboniswe kwizidingo zekhwalithi ngabakaki. Incwadi mayelana namagugu angaphatheki ithi iqabunga liyagazingwa (炒制, *chǎozhì*) futhi yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngezandla.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza elinezintaba elinoboya obumhlophe lohlobo lwembewu yendawo; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, *Guǎngxī*), imasipala waseHezhou (贺州, *Hèzhōu*), isifunda saseBabu (八步区, *Bābù*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amadolobhana aseKaishan (开山镇), eGuiling (桂岭镇), eDaning (大宁镇) kanye nesigodi saseHuangdong (黄洞乡). Kwesinye isithasiselo sohlu lwango-2025 isigodi sibhalwe ngokuthi 黄桐乡.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 24°28′54″–24°46′24″ N kanye 111°41′12″–111°47′41″ E.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inkathi yaseMing.** Ngokwezincazelo eziyisethenjwa, itiye laqala ukutshalwa lapha ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaMing; izihlahla ekuqaleni zaziyizihlahla zasendle.
    * **Iminyaka kaQianlong (1736–1795).** Ngokwezincazelo ezifanayo, ezicaphuna «Amarekodi amatiye adumile aseChina», umqulu «Guangxi» (中国名茶志·广西卷), abantu batshala izihlahla zasendle eduze kwezindlu, kwase kuvela izingadi zasemakhaya (家园茶).
    * **Inganekwane.** Inganekwane ithi umbusi uQianlong washo amazwi athi «一品开山茶，天下无佳茗» — «uma usunambitha itiye laseKaishan, awusoze walithola elingcono ezweni lonke»; ikhathalogi yemikhiqizo yezolimo evela emnyangweni wezolimo waseGuangxi kanye nezincwadi ezidumile zengeza ukuthi ngemva kwalokho itiye laba isipho esiya enkantolo. Abukho ubufakazi obubhaliwe bamazwi noma besimo sesipho emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **Imiklomelo.** Ngokwekhathalogi yemikhiqizo yezolimo evela emnyangweni wezolimo waseGuangxi, itiye lathola umklomelo ophakeme (特等奖) womncintiswano waseGuangxi «桂茶杯». Incwadi 茶百科 ibeka lokho ngonyaka ka-2004; abukho ubufakazi obuzimele bonyaka.
    * **2012.** Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza bafakwa nguhulumeni wesifunda esizimele ohlwini lwesine lwamagugu angaphatheki aseGuangxi — kusho incwadi ngale nto yamagugu kuwebhusayithi yedolobha elinomlando laseHuangyao (黄姚古镇) eHezhou.
    * **2014.** Ngesimemezelo sikaMnyango Wezolimo № 2179 itiye labhaliswa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo. Ikhathalogi yezinkomba inika usuku lwango-28 Novemba 2014, incwadi 茶百科 ithi 18 Novemba; umehluko awukaxazululwa. Izicelo zelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu zamukelwa yi-Centre for Agricultural Technology Extension yaseBabu District (八步区农业技术推广中心).
    * **2017 nango-2022.** Itiye lafakwa ohlwini lukahulumeni lwemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, ekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemisha (名特优新).
    * **2025.** I-State Intellectual Property Office ngesimemezelo № 640 yagqamisa igama njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; umfakisicelo uboniswa njengohulumeni wesifunda saseBabu.
* **Igama:** «Kaishan» (开山) — igama ledolobhana; «baimao» (白毛) — «uboya obumhlophe»; «cha» (茶) — itiye. Igama elifanayo liphinde libe igama lohlobo lwesihlahla setiye lendawo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** «Isistimu yamasiko etiye iKaishan Baimao Cha» (广西八步开山白毛茶文化系统) yafakwa emiphumeleni yocwaningo lukazwelonke lwamagugu ezolimo.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Uhlobo lwendawo, olubizwa ngokufanayo netiye, — 开山白毛茶. Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zisichaza njengohlobo lwembewu (有性系): isihlahla esincane (小[乔木](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)型), esinamaqabunga aphakathi, sesikhathi esiphakathi, i-diploid; iqabunga liyi-elliptic, lithambile. Ayikho inombolo yokubhalisa yohlobo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokukha:** Izidingo zango-2025 zichaza imithetho: ukukha ngamaqoqo, ngokuya ngokukhula, ngokunyakaza «okuphakamisayo» kweminwe, ngaphandle kokucindezela ngozipho nokuhlubula; ngaphandle kwamaxolo, amaqabunga «enhlanzi», izithelo kanye namahlumela amadala. Izinga «lomqumbe oneqabunga» alikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Uxhantathu iMengzhuling (萌渚岭) emngceleni weGuangxi neHunan. Izindawo zokuqala zetiye — izihosha zedolobhana laseDongnan (东南村) edolobhaneni laseKaishan: Miaotangchong, Gaotianchong, Zhaiyanchong kanye neGongdanchong (庙塘冲、高田冲、寨岩冲、公胆冲); incwadi 茶百科 ibiza iqabunga laseGongdanchong njengento engcono kakhulu. Iqhugwane lisebenza njengomngcele wamanzi phakathi kwemifula engena eYangtze kanye nesigodi soMfula iPearl.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Imininingwane iyaphikisana. Umthethonqubo ka-2014 ubiza izintaba eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-300–600 ukuze kutshalwe izingadi. Ngendawo yokuqala yetiye umthethonqubo uqobo uthi «ngaphezulu kwamamitha angama-500», izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zithi «ngaphezulu kwamamitha angu-1000», incwadi ngamagugu angaphatheki ithi «cishe amamitha angu-1000».
* **Izintaba:** Indawo ephakeme kakhulu — iphimbo laseMatangding (马塘顶, 1787 m) emngceleni neJianghua Yao Autonomous County yesifundazwe saseHunan; iziqongo eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-900–1300 eqhugwaneni zingaba ngamashumi amabili.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokomthethonqubo ka-2014 — izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngu-19.9 °C, imvula ingu-1516.9 mm, izinsuku ezingama-320 ezingenasithwathwa, inkungu evamile, ilanga elincane kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku.
* **Inhlabathi:** Izindhlabathi ezibomvu kanye nezindhlabathi eziphuzi-ezibomvu phezu kwamatshe esihlabathi, ama-slate kanye ne-granite, pH 4.5–6.5. Izidingo zango-2025 zibiza loam kanye ne-sandy loam ene-organic matter engu-1–2% nangaphezulu kanye nokutsheka okufika ku-25°.
* **Indawo:** Ngokwemininingwane yokubhalisa ka-2014, indawo evikelwe ingamahektha angu-4000, indawo yetiye ingamahektha angu-400, ukuqoqwa kwamaqabunga amasha kungamathani angaba ngu-500 ngonyaka.
* **Imifula:** Ngokwemininingwane efanayo yokubhalisa, emadolobhaneni aseKaishan, eGuiling, eDaning, eHuangdong naseHejie ibanga elingamakhilomitha acishe abe yikhulu kugeleza umfula iGuilinghe (桂岭河), owela eHejie ungena emfuleni iHejiang (贺江).

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izinhlelo zokucubungula ezinemodi azinikezwa umthethonqubo ka-2014 noma izidingo zango-2025; ezingadini umthethonqubo ubhekisela emithethweni yokukhiqiza i-NY/T 5018-2001, endaweni ezungezile — ku-NY 5020-2001. Kuncane okwaziwayo:

* Ngokwencwadi ngamagugu angaphatheki, indlela esuka eqabungeni elisha iya etiyeni eliphelile — imisebenzi engu-7–8, futhi yonke yenziwa ngezandla.
* Ubungcweti budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane kusuka kuthisha kuya kumfundi; ngokwencwadi efanayo, izingcweti azinazo izindlela eziqondile, konke kunqunywa ulwazi, futhi ukucubungula kuthonywa kakhulu isimo sezulu nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
* Ngokwencwadi efanayo, iqabunga liyagazingwa (炒制).

Ngetiye eliluhlaza, elilungiswa ngokugazinga, ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:

1.  **Ukwenza ubuthaka (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Lesi isikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beKaishan Baimao Cha.

**6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngokomthethonqubo, ngezengezo zezincwadi.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Liminyene, lincane futhi lilingene, linemikhawulo ebukhali (有锋苗), uboya obumhlophe bubonakala (白毫显露). Incwadi ngamagugu angaphatheki ichaza ukusonga njengesiphele (螺形卷曲) nombala «oluhlaza osasiliva onomkhanyo we-emerald» (银绿隐翠); ezinye izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zibiza itiye ngokuthi linamathela, «lincane, liyindilinga futhi liqondile» (细圆光直). Ifomu liyaphikisana ezincazelweni.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Lihlanzekile futhi lijulile, linophawu lwe-apula olucacile (清香、浓郁，苹果香突显). Izincazelo zendawo zibiza itiye ngokuthi «iyona kuphela ezweni itiye elinephunga le-apula» — le yifomula yokukhangisa.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kuqabulayo (醇厚甘爽). Ngokwezincazelo eziyisethenjwa, isigqila sokuqala sinokubaba kancane, bese kufika ubumnandi namathe amaningi.
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uluhlaza obala futhi ukhanya (清绿明亮); incwadi ngamagugu angaphatheki ibhala «ophuzi-oluhlaza, obala» (黄绿清澈).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elidayiwe):** Iphuzi elithambile futhi lilingana (叶底嫩黄匀称) — ngokwencwadi ngamagugu angaphatheki; emibhalweni yokuvikela ayikho incazelo.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Izinkomba zokubhalisa zika-2014:

| Inkomba | Izinga |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.3% |
| Umlotha ophelele | ungabi ngaphezu kuka-4.92% |
| I-crude fiber | ingabi ngaphezu kuka-11.4% |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | zingabi ngaphansi kuka-56.4% |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | angabi ngaphansi kuka-23.6% |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | angabi ngaphansi kuka-2.5% |

Izidingo zango-2025 zibeka izinkomba ezifanayo ngamabanga: umswakama 4.12–6.3%, umlotha ophelele 4.74–4.92%, izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini 56.4–57.9%, i-crude fiber 9.39–11.4%, ama-polyphenol 23.6–26.9%, ama-amino acid akhululekile 2.5–2.9%. Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo ovikelwe, hhayi izilinganiso zeqoqo elilodwa.

**8. Izinzuzo eziphusile:**

Abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe mayelana nomphumela waleli tiye ngqo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukumpompoleza kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu kokuthela.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye nemikhohlisi:**

Abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kanye negama lomkhiqizo ephaketheni.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela emadolobhaneni aseKaishan, eGuiling, eDaning noma esigodini saseHuangdong esifundeni saseBabu.
    * Iqabunga — lincane, liminyene, linoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo; ephungeni — inothi le-apula.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Uhlobo netiye zinegama elifanayo: 开山白毛茶 — kokubili isihlahla netiye eliluhlaza eliphelile.
* Iphunga le-apula alibhalwanga kuphela ekukhangiseni, kodwa nasezidingweni zekhwalithi.
* Izingadi ngokomthethonqubo ka-2014 zitshalwa ku-300–600 m, kanti indawo ephakeme kakhulu yeqhugwane ingu-1787 m.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye:**

* **Zhaoping Yinshan Cha ([昭平银杉茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhaoping-yinshan-cha)) kanye neZhaoping Lü Cha ([昭平绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhaoping-lucha)):** Amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseZhaoping esifundeni esifanayo saseHezhou.
* **Lechang Bai Mao Cha ([乐昌白毛茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lechang-bai-maocha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangdong elinoboya obumhlophe elinesicupho segama elifanayo.
* **Lingyun Bai Cha ([凌云白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lingyun-baicha)):** Itiye laseGuangxi elivela ezintweni ezinoboya zaseLingyun — ukuze kuqhathaniswe: lapho «elimhlophe» selisho isigaba.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Kaishan Baimao Cha itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni elivela emngceleni weGuangxi neHunan kusuka ohlotsheni lwembewu yendawo enegama elifanayo. Umthethonqubo uchaza ukusonga okuncane okunoboya, utshwala obuluhlaza obala, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokuqabulayo kanye nenothi le-apula, futhi namanje lenziwa ngezandla. «Uboya obumhlophe» egameni kumayelana noboya emiqumbeni, hhayi ngesigaba.