---
title: "Jūnlián hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/junlian-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jūnlián hóngchá (筠连红茶)

**Junlian Hongcha** (*Jūnlián hóngchá*, 筠连红茶) itiye elibomvu lasesifundeni saseJunlian (筠连县) esifundeni sasedolobheni iYibin eningizimu yesifundazwe saseSichuan. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, lesifunda sasiyisizinda esikhulu setiye elibomvu laseSichuan, elaziwa kwezentengiselwano ngokuthi "Chuanhong" (川红, *Chuānhóng*). Uhlobo oluyinhloko olutshalwayo olwasendaweni nguZaobai Jian (早[白尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bai-jian), *Zǎobáijiān*). Leligama livikelwe uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kusukela ngo-2014 kanye nokuqashelwa yiChina National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) ngo-2026.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*) — isigaba siqanjwe egameni futhi siqinisekiswa imithethonqubo yophawu.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu legongfu (工夫红茶, *gōngfu hóngchá*) lomugqa waseSichuan weChuanhong; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), isifunda sasedolobheni iYibin (宜宾, *Yíbīn*), isifunda saseJunlian. Ngokwencazelo yesifunda — umngcele oseningizimu weSichuan Basin, izintaba ezisenyakatho zeYunnan-Guizhou Plateau, lapho kuhlangana khona iSichuan neYunnan.
* **Indawo evikelwe — amafomula amabili:**
    * Imithethonqubo yophawu lwezolimo (2014): amadolobhana nezindawo eziyi-18 kanye nemizana engama-243 yesifunda, indawo evikelwe engamahektha ayi-9200, umkhiqizo wonyaka ongamathani ayi-5000.
    * Ukuqashelwa kweCNIPA (2026): indawo yokuphatha yesifunda iyona yonke esebenzayo. Lomngcele ushintsha kanye nohlaka lokuphatha, kanti uhlu lwango-2014 luqopha amadolobhana ngamagama.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwemithethonqubo ka-2014 — 104°17′45″–104°47′20″ E, 27°50′37″–28°14′8″ N.

**2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye lasendulo.** Isizindalwazi sesifunda sibuyisela ukutshalwa kwetiye endaweni emuva ezikhathini zeQin neHan, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule; i-athikili yephephandaba yango-2009 ikhuluma "ngeminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane". Ukungezwani akuchazwa yimithombo.
    * **1951–1957.** Ngokwephephandaba iZhonghua Hezuo Shibao (2009), ngo-1951 kwavulwa esifundeni esinye seziteshi eziyisikhombisa zokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ngo-1957 kwaqala ukusebenza imboni yesifunda yokucubungula kokuqala; umkhiqizo ongakaqedwa wawuqedelwa embonini yetiye yaseYibin futhi uthunyelwa eSoviet Union naseMpumalanga Yurophu.
    * **Isidlaliso.** Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950, itiye legongfu lendawo, ngokwalelo phephandaba, lalibizwa ngokuthi "赛祁红" — "elingangeni qhude neqimen".
    * **1959.** NgoSepthemba 8, ngosuku lwesizini yeBailu, kwaqoqwa imiqumbe yetiye "Jinhuang Bailu Yacha" futhi yathunyelwa eBeijing ukugubha iminyaka eyishumi yePRC.
    * **1985.** Leli phephandaba libiza maphakathi nawo-1980 njengengqophamlando yetiye elibomvu yesifunda. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokwaleli phephandaba, "Chuanhong Gongfu" yathola indondo yegolide emqhudelwaneni womhlaba wama-24 wemikhiqizo esezingeni eLisbon — umklomelo wophawu lwentengiso lweChuanhong, hhayi itiye laseJunlian ngokwehlukana. Enye i-athikili yalelo nombolo elifanayo kanye nomnyango wezolimo waseYibin bakhomba umklomelo ohlukile wango-1985 — igolide lombukiso wemikhiqizo ePanama; ukungezwani akuchaziwe.
    * **1988–1990s.** Isifunda cishe saguqukela ngokuphelele etiyeni eliluhlaza; ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, itiye elibomvu, ngokwaleli phephandaba, lalicishe layekwa ukukhiqizwa.
    * **2000s.** Umlandeli wemboni yesifunda wavuselela ukukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwegama "筠连红".
    * **2014.** Uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo AGI01565; imithethonqubo — isimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo No. 2179 sangoNovemba 18, 2014, ngokuphrintwa kabusha kwesizindalwazi esiyireferensi.
    * **2026.** Ukuqashelwa ngokwesimemezelo seCNIPA No. 687.
* **Igama:** "Junlian" yigama lesifunda; "hongcha" itiye elibomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IJunlian ibizwa ngokuthi "ikhaya leChuanhong". Isizindalwazi esiyireferensi sikhomba futhi uphawu No. 7948508 kanye nokuvikelwa komkhiqizo ngokwesimemezelo sango-2011 No. 177; le mibhalo angiyibonanga.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo:** Imithethonqubo yophawu ibiza uhlobo oluyinhloko lwendawo ngokuthi "筠连早白尖". Ngokwephephandaba lango-2009, lokhu kuyinhlobo lomdabu lwendawo, emandulo — "黄芽茶", "itiye lemiqumbe ephuzi"; ngo-1985 iSichuan yaliqaphela njengohlobo oluthuthukisiwe, kwase kuthola isimo sikahulumeni. Umnyango wezolimo waseYibin ulubiza ngohlobo lwekloni — imithombo iyaphikisana.
* **Izimpawu zohlobo:** Leli phephandaba lilichaza ngamagama athi "kusenesikhathi, kuthambile, kusha": ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming imiqumbe iphuzi-mhlophe.
* **Izinga lokuqoqa:** Umuqumbe owodwa onamaqabunga amabili; iqabunga liphelele, lilingana, lisha futhi lihlanzekile (imithethonqubo).
* **Isikhathi sokuqoqa:** Imithethonqubo ayibeki umnqamulajuqu; leli phephandaba lithi itiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo lilungile ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.

**4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zeWumengshan (乌蒙山, *Wūméngshān*) emngceleni oseningizimu weSichuan Basin; indawo yehlela kusuka eningizimu kuye enyakatho.
* **Ukuphakama:** Imithethonqubo ibiza ububanzi bendawo obungu-368–1777 m, leli phephandaba — 760–1200 m wezingadi. Ukuphakama okuqondile kwezingadi akunikwanga embhalweni.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ephuzi nensomi (黄壤、紫色土), pH 5.5–6.5. Imithethonqubo ifaka le ndawo endaweni yetiye elineselenium ephezulu, kodwa ayizinikezi izibalo.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu esinomswakama se-subtropical monsoon. Ngokwemithethonqubo: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-17.6 °C, imvula ingu-1200.9 mm, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-344, umswakama ophakathi nendawo ungu-81%.
* **Ubuciko bezolimo:** Imithethonqubo idinga ukutshalwa ngemigqa emibili, ukumboza ngotshani ezingadini ezithelayo kanye nokuhluma ngesandla ngaphandle kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ezingadini ezisencane; ukukhiqizwa kuhamba ngokwezinga lendawo elithi DB511500/T/34-2011.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo wezinga lendawo angiwubonanga. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu legongfu, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo:

1.  **Ukuvutshelwa (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
3.  **I-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga liba mnyama libe bomvu lethusi.
4.  **Ukumiswa ngemililo emibili:** okokuqala (毛火, *máohuǒ*) nokokugcina (足火, *zúhuǒ*).

Ngalesi tiye isifunda sibhala kanje: iqabunga lisha, i-oxidation ilinganiselwe, ukumiswa kokuqala kuyashesha futhi kushisa, ukuphola kuyashesha futhi kuphelele, "kuze kufike enhliziyweni", kanti ukumiswa kokugcina kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ukumiswa kokugcina okusheshayo kubhekwa njengephutha: ngaphandle iqabunga lomile, ngaphakathi limanzi. Ngomlilo onamandla isifunda sixhumanisa "ugcwele, oqinile futhi osha" isimilo setiye. Ngokwephephandaba lango-2009, ngesikhathi sokuvuselela babuyisela ukuvutshelwa kwemvelo futhi bethula i-oxidation elawulwa izinga lokushisa.

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Incazelo ngokwemithethonqubo yophawu (2014):

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Lisongwe ngokuqinile, limnyama futhi licwebezela, lilingana (紧结乌润、匀整).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lengxube:** Limnandi, lijulile, lihlala isikhathi eside (甜香浓郁、持久). Isifunda silibiza ngephunga le-orenji-caramel (橘糖香, *jútáng xiāng*).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha futhi kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜醇回甘).
* **Umbala wengxube:** Ubomvu, ugqamile, obala, nonqenqema lwegolide (红亮清澈带金边).
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Libomvu ngokulingana futhi ligqamile (红匀亮).

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Imithethonqubo yophawu ibeka imingcele ephansi yetiye eliqediwe:

| Isinkomba | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ama-polyphenols etiye | okungenani 9% |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 35% |

Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izici eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Itsha:** Igaiwan noma ibhodwe le-porcelain; enkomishini emhlophe kubonakala unqenqema lwegolide.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza itsha.
    2. Thela amanzi etiyeni.
    3. Ukumnika kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa.
    4. Khipha ingxube ngokuphelele.
    5. Phinda, wandise kancane isikhathi sokunika.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, emaphaketheni aqinile, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo mbumbulu:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Uzibamba kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo: igama "筠连红茶" kanye nophawu olujwayelekile lophawu lwezolimo lwendawo.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseJunlian.
    * Iqabunga — liminyene, limnyama futhi licwebezela; ingxube — ibomvu, obala, nonqenqema lwegolide.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Isifunda sicaphuna isaga: "天子未尝黄芽茶，百草不敢先开花" — kuze kube yilapho iNdodana Yezulu ingakazinambithanga "itiye lemiqumbe ephuzi", utshani abunasibindi sokuqhakaza kuqala. Ngokwesiko, leli tiye lalithunyelwa enkantolo.
* Ngokwephephandaba lango-2009, ngo-1957 imboni yanciphisa ukuvutshelwa futhi yakwazi ukwenza itiye elibomvu eligayiwe lokuthumela ngaphandle kusuka eqabungeni eliluhlaza ebangeni lesithupha nelesikhombisa — ngokuphikisana nombono wokuthi eqabungeni lasehlobo nelasekwindla akukwazi ukukhiqizwa itiye elihle.
* Maphakathi nawo-1980 yona leyo mboni yayikhiqiza futhi itiye elimnyama elicindezelweyo iKangzhuan ([康砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/kang-zhuan), *kāngzhuān*).
* Ezihlokweni ezimbili zenombolo efanayo yephephandaba amagama athi "IJunlian yikhaya leChuanhong" anikezwe uProfesa Liu, kodwa igama libhalwe ngendlela ehlukile: 吕元福 no吕允福.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu:**

* **Chuanhong Gong Fu ([川红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/chuanhong-gong-fu)):** Uphawu lwentengiso lwaseSichuan, lapho iJunlian yayiyisizinda esikhulu; iJunlian Hongcha ingumkhiqizo wesifunda onendawo yawo kanye nemithethonqubo.
* **Qi Men Hong Cha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Isilinganiso esivela esidlalisweni "sai Qihong".
* **Dian Hong Gongfu ([滇红工夫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong-gongfu)):** Igongfu yaseYunnan evela ezitshalweni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu.
* **Yibin Zao Cha ([宜宾早茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yibin-zaocha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni lesifunda esifanayo sasedolobheni iYibin.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IJunlian Hongcha itiye elibomvu lesifunda, okwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka lanikezela ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ekuthumeleni ngaphandle kwaseSichuan ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile elithi Chuanhong, lacishe lalahlekelwa itiye elibomvu ngeminyaka yama-1990 futhi lalibuyisa ngeminyaka yama-2000. Imithethonqubo yophawu ilichaza ngokunembile: uhlobo lwendawo iZaobai Jian, umuqumbe onamaqabunga amabili, iqabunga elimnyama eliminyene, iphunga elimnandi elihlala isikhathi eside kanye nengxube ebomvu ecacile enonqenqema lwegolide. Umlando walo waziwa ikakhulukazi ngemibhalo yamaphephandaba neyesifunda.