---
title: "jú pǔ · jú hóng · jú bái"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/ju-pu-ju-hong-ju-bai
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# jú pǔ · jú hóng · jú bái (橘普)

橘普 (*jú pǔ*), 橘红 (*jú hóng*) kanye 橘白 (*jú bái*) kuwumndeni wamatiye ahlanganisiwe, lapho ikhasi lesithelo esomile somndeni we-citrus lisebenza kokubili njengesitsha nengxenye enephunga elimnandi, kanti ngaphakathi kufakwa iqabunga letiye lezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene: elimnyama (i-puerh), elibomvu (*hóngchá*) nelimhlophe (*báichá*). Lolu wuhlobo olusha ngokwesimo, kodwa olugxile emasikweni aseNingizimu ye-China wamakhemisi, namuhla ngokuvamile ahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa esivamile se-柑普茶 / 陈皮茶.

> Inothi lomhleli: Umthombo mbhalo omayelana nalesi sihloko awuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke i-athikili yakhelwe olwazini olwamukelekayo emkhakheni; amaphuzu angabangwayo aphawulwe ngokuhlukile.

## Amatemu: yini emele ihhayiroglifu

Amagama afundeka njengefomula elithi "isithelo se-citrus + itiye eliyisisekelo":

- 橘普 (*jú pǔ*) — isithelo se-citrus ne-puerh (普洱);
- 橘红 (*jú hóng*) — isithelo se-citrus netiye elibomvu (红茶);
- 橘白 (*jú bái*) — isithelo se-citrus netiye elimhlophe (白茶).

Lapha kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izendlalelo ezimbili zezincazelo. Ku-pharmacopoeia yendabuko i-橘红 ne-橘白 zisho izingqimba zekhasi lesithelo uqobo: i-橘红 isendlalelo sangaphandle, esinombala (i-flavedo), i-橘白 isendlalelo sangaphakathi esimhlophe (i-albedo). Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-化橘红 (*huà jú hóng*) iyimpahla eluhlaza yokwelapha ehlukile ephuma ku-pummelo enoboya (Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa') yase-Huazhou, engahlobene netiye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumongo wetiye i-橘红/橘白, njengomthetho jikelele, ifundeka ngokuqondile ngokuthi "itiye le-tangerine elibomvu/elimhlophe" — ngokufana nokuvamile okusunguliwe kwe-橘普. Lo mehluko kufanele ugcinwe engqondweni ukuze kungadideki imikhiqizo.

Kufanele futhi kuphawulwe umehluko phakathi kwe-橘 (*jú*, i-mandarin/tangerine, isithelo esincane) ne-柑 (*gān*, isithelo se-citrus sase-Canton esikhudlwana). Empeleni amatemu i-橘普 ne-柑普 avame ukusetshenziswa njengomqondofana, nakuba ngokuqinile i-柑普 ibhekise esithelweni esikhulu se-citrus sase-Xinhui.

## Indawo yokutshala nezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhasi lesithelo

Umsuka walesi sigaba — yikhasi lesithelo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisibonelo kuthathwa njenge-[新会陈皮](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinhui-chenpi) (*Xīnhuì chénpí*), ikhasi lesithelo se-citrus eligugile elivela esifundeni sase-Xinhui edolobheni lase-Jiangmen (isifundazwe sase-Guangdong). Lo mkhiqizo unesimo esivikelwe sokukhomba indawo yase-People's Republic of China: indawo okuphuma kuyo imifula, inhlabathi yolwandle enamagagasi kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama kwakha iphrofayili eyaziwayo yekhasi lesithelo — enothile, enamafutha, inengxenye ephezulu yamafutha abalulekile kanye nokujula okubabayo-kumnandi okuyisici.

Uhlobo olusetshenziswayo yi-茶枝柑 (*cházhīgān*), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mandarin yase-Xinhui (Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'). Ngokuyisisekelo, iphrofayili yekhasi lesithelo iyehluka ngokuya ngesigaba sokukhula kwesithelo:

- **小青柑** (*xiǎo qīng gān*) — isithelo esiluhlaza esincane esivunwa kusenesikhathi (cishe maphakathi nehlobo): ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezakhi eziguquguqukayo, ukusha okubukhali, ukubaba okugqamile;
- **二红柑** / 微红 (ukuvuna kwesigaba esiphakathi, ekwindla): ikhasi lesithelo liqala ukuphuzi-bomvu, ibhalansi yokusha nobumnandi;
- **[大红柑](https://thetea.app/zu/article/da-hong-gan)** (*dà hóng gān*) — isithelo esibomvu esivuthwe ngokugcwele (ngasekupheleni kwekwindla — ekuqaleni kobusika): ikhasi lesithelo elithambile, elimnandi, elinephunga elimnandi eligcwele.

Yilezi zithelo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza kokubili "i-mandarin encane eluhlaza" ejwayelekile ene-puerh, kanye namafomu akhudlwana ezithelo.

## Itiye eliyisisekelo: "ukugxishwa" okuthathu okuhlukene

Umehluko phakathi kwe-橘普, 橘红 kanye ne-橘白 unqunywa yilokho okufakwe ngaphakathi kwekhasi lesithelo.

**橘普.** Indlela yakudala yalolu hlobo — i-puerh evuthiwe (熟普, *[shú pǔ](https://thetea.app/zu/article/pu-er-shucha)*), akuvamile ukuthi kube i-puerh eluhlaza eligugile (生普). Itiye elimnyama linesisekelo salo esinamhlabathi, esithambile, likwazi ukubekezelela isikhathi eside sokugcinwa futhi lihambisana nokubaba okunamafutha kwekhasi lesithelo.

**橘红.** Ngaphakathi kufakwa itiye elibomvu. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto zase-Guangdong kwenza kube wukukhetha okungokwemvelo amatiye abomvu endawo noma angomakhelwane; umphumela uba yinkomishi "enezithelo-noju" emnandi, enephunga eliphezulu le-citrus.

**橘白.** Ukugxishwa okumhlophe kwetiye, akuvamile ukuthi kube okugugile kwe-[寿眉](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shou-mei) (*shòuméi*) noma i-[白牡丹](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bai-mudan) (*báimǔdān*) yomdabu wase-Fujian. Lena inguqulo elula futhi "esobala" kakhulu: ukumnika okuncane, lapho i-citrus ingasibekeli ubumnandi obuthambile beqabunga elimhlophe.

(Izifunda eziqondile nezinhlobo zetiye eliyisisekelo ziyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi othile futhi ngokuvamile azifakwanga ezingeni elisebenzayo — lona ngumkhakha wamasu okuhweba, hhayi inkambiso yomkhakha.)

## Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwayo yomithathu imikhiqizo luyefana:

1. **Ukukhethwa nokugezwa kwezithelo.** I-citrus ihlukaniswa ngosayizi nangokuvuthwa, iyagezwa, iyekwe yome.
2. **Ukuvulwa nokususwa kwenyama yesithelo.** Engxenyeni engenhla yesithelo kusikwa "isivalo", izicucu zikhishwa ngokucophelela, kugcinwe ubuqotho bekhasi lesithelo eliyisitsha.
3. **Ukufakwa kwetiye** (填茶). Ngaphakathi kugxishwa itiye eliyisisekelo elomile — i-puerh, elibomvu noma elimhlophe. Isivalo sibuyiselwa endaweni.
4. **Ukomiswa.** Lesi yisigaba esinqumayo. Kusetshenziswa ukomiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi (烘焙, umoya ofudumele), noma ukomiswa ngelanga nomoya (生晒). Indlela yokomisa inomthelela omkhulu ephungeni lokugcina: ukomiswa ngelanga kuthandwa ngenxa yekhasi lesithelo "eliphilayo", eliguqukayo, kanti ukomisa ngeziko kuthandwa ngenxa yokuqina nokwembulwa ngokushesha.

Izithelo esezilungile ziyabe sezigugiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ikhasi lesithelo netiye "kuhwebelana" ngezakhi: amafutha abalulekile e-citrus agcwalisa iqabunga, kanti itiye linciphisa ukuqina kwekhasi lesithelo elisencane. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma isikhathi eside sokugcinwa okuyikho, iphrofayili iba nzulu futhi ihleleke kangcono — ikakhulukazi inguqulo ene-puerh.

## Amazinga kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba

Ikhasi lesithelo i-新会陈皮 lilawulwa njengomkhiqizo wokukhomba indawo, futhi kukhona izidingo zomkhakha zomdabu kanye nokuguga. Ngokuqondene netiye elihlanganisiwe eselilungile, izinga elilodwa likazwelonke eliqondile (GB/T) "le-puerh yesithelo se-citrus" njengesigaba esizimele asikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa ngaphakathi kwemininingwane etholakalayo — ngakho-ke izinombolo eziqondile namapharamitha akunikezwanga ngenhloso lapha. Empeleni umkhiqizo udayiswa ngaphansi komugqa we-puerh/itiye elimnyama, noma ngaphansi komugqa wekhasi lesithelo elicutshunguliwe, kuya ngokuthi umkhiqizi uthatha ini njengengxenye ebusayo.

## Ukunambitheka nokwenziwa kwetiye

Iphrofayili yezinguqulo ezintathu ihlukile ngokufanele:

- **橘普** — icinene kakhulu futhi "ifudumeza": isisekelo esinamhlabathi-nokhuni se-puerh evuthiwe, esongwe ngekhasi lesithelo se-citrus elibabayo-elimnandi, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside nokunamafutha.
- **橘红** — kunambitheka okuju-noswidi, okuzungeleze ngokwengeziwe, kunephunga eliphezulu le-citrus elikhanyayo nobuncane bokuba namhlabathi.
- **橘白** — elula futhi esha kakhulu, ukumnika okusobala, ubumnandi obuncane beqabunga elimhlophe nokunambitheka okuncane kwe-citrus.

Umkhuba wokwenza itiye. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza ngesithelo esincane (小青柑): sifakwa ku-gaiwan noma eketeleni siphelele, kwesinye isikhathi sibhobozwe noma kwephulwe ikhasi, bese kuthelwa amanzi abilayo (nge-puerh — cishe 95 — 100 °C; ngenguqulo emhlophe kuhle ukwehlisa kancane izinga lokushisa). Ukutheleka kokuqala okufushane kungathululwa ukuze "kuvuswe". Bese kumiswa ngemijikelezo emifushane, kancane kancane kwandiswe isikhathi; inothi le-citrus livela kakhulu ekuthelekeni kokuqala, isisekelo setiye sembulwa ngokuqhubekayo. Izithelo ezinkulu ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye bese zikalwa njengesiqephu.

## Umlando namasiko

Lolu hlobo lukhule emkhubeni wakudala wase-Guangdong wokuhlanganisa ikhasi le-mandarin eligugile netiye — e-Xinhui i-陈皮 yayithandwa amakhulu eminyaka njengegugu lokupheka nelamakhemisi, "indala, ibiza kakhulu". Ukuchuma kwezohwebo kwamanje kwe-puerh yesithelo se-citrus kanye "nodadewabo" kungamashumi eminyaka amuva, lapho abakhiqizi baqala ukugxisha izithelo eziphelele ngetiye futhi bazidayise njengomkhiqizo osulungile; izinsuku eziqondile zokuvela okukhulu kwaleli fomethi sizishiya zingashiwongo ukuze sigweme amaphutha. Ngokwamasiko lamatiye ahlotshaniswa ngokuqinile neNingizimu ye-China, isiko letiye lase-Canton kanye nomqondo wokuguga njengenani elongezelekile.

## Indlela yokuhlukanisa nokuthi yini okufanele ibhekwe

- **Umsuka wekhasi lesithelo.** I-新会陈皮 yangempela inesimo esivikelwe; emakethe evamile kutholakala ikhasi lesithelo elivela kwezinye izifunda. Ikhasi langempela lase-Xinhui lihlukaniswa nephunga elimnandi eliminyene, elinezendlalelo eziningi kanye nokujula okubabayo-kumnandi okuyisici.
- **Isigaba sokuvuthwa.** Isithelo esiluhlaza esincane (小青柑) — sisha futhi sibukhali; isithelo esikhulu esibomvu (大红柑) — sithambile futhi simnandi. Lokhu ukukhetha okuqaphelayo kwesitayela, hhayi inkomba yekhwalithi ngokwayo.
- **Indlela yokomisa.** Ukomisa ngelanga (生晒) kanye nokomisa ngeziko (烘焙) kuleta ubunjalo obuhlukile; abadayisi abaqotho bayakusho lokhu.
- **Ukufanelana kwetiye eliyisisekelo negama.** Ku-橘白 kufanele kube itiye elimhlophe ngempela, ku-橘红 — elibomvu; ukushintshwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe eziyisisekelo kungumthombo ovamile wokudideka.
- **Ubuqotho besithelo nokuhlanzeka.** Ikhasi lesithelo kufanele lingabi nesikhunta esinephunga elingaziwa (iphunga "elidala" eligugile — livamile, umswakama onuka isikhunta — cha), itiye elingaphakathi — libe lomile futhi lifane.

Le mikhiqizo emithathu kulula ukuyibona njengesu elilodwa — ikhasi lesithelo se-citrus njengesitsha nesinongo — elisetshenziswe ezisekelweni ezintathu ezahlukene zetiye. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-橘普, 橘红 ne-橘白 empeleni, kuwukukhetha phakathi kokujula, ubumnandi, kanye nokukhanya.