---
title: "Jiūkēng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiukeng-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jiūkēng chá (鸠坑茶)

**I-Jiukeng Cha** (*Jiūkēng chá*, 鸠坑茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Chun'an (淳安县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Hangzhou (杭州), esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang (浙江), endaweni yechibi le-Qiandao (千岛湖). Igama liyisichazamazwi sendawo, idolobhana lase-Jiukeng (鸠坑乡) enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda. Igama elifanayo linikezwe uhlobo lwesihlahla setiye i-Jiukengzhong (鸠坑种), olwaqashelwa ngo-1984 njengohlobo lukazwelonke futhi lwasakazeka kude nangale kwesifunda, ngakho-ke uhlobo lwesihlahla kanye netiye kumele kuhlukaniswe. Kusukela ngo-2025 igama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo ngezindlela ezimbili, ezigoqiwe neziyisicaba, nephunga le-chestnut.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Uhlelo lokucubungula ezidingweni zokuvikelwa luhlaza: ukulungiswa ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*) ngokushesha ngemva kokuvundlalwa kweqabunga, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation nokubila.
* **Isichasiselo ngesigaba:** Ngokombiko we-Central Radio, inkampani yendawo yenza kusuka ohlotsheni olufanayo hhayi kuphela itiye eliluhlaza, kodwa futhi nelibomvu nelicindezelwe (团茶). Izidingo zokuvikelwa zichaza kuphela itiye eliluhlaza lezindlela ezimbili.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lomlando lochungechunge lwe-Tang; umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), umasipala wase-Hangzhou (杭州, *Hángzhōu*), isifunda sase-Chun'an (淳安, *Chún'ān*), idolobhana lase-Jiukeng.
* **Indawo yokuvikelwa:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa zango-2025, amadolobhana nezindawo ezingama-23 zesifunda sase-Chun'an, kusukela e-Qiandao Lake nase-Wenchang kuya e-Weiping, e-Linqi, e-Fenkou nase-Jiukeng uqobo, imizana yokuphatha engama-425; 118°20′–119°20′ E, 29°11′–30°02′ N. Umfakisicelo yisikhungo sokuthuthukisa ezolimo sesifunda (淳安县农业农村发展服务中心).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Cishe 29.2–30.0° N no-118.3–119.3° E.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **I-Tang.** Ku-«Izijobelelo emlandweni wombuso we-Tang» (唐国史补) ngu-Li Zhao (李肇) ohlwini lwamatiye adumile kunomugqa othi «睦州有鸠坑» — «e-Muzhou kune-Jiukeng» (kwezinye izinhlelo uphawu lokugcina lunikezwe ngokwahluka 坈). I-Muzhou yigama elidala lomasipala okwakungaphansi kwawo i-Chun'an. Umugqa ngezinye izikhathi unikezwa i-«The Classic of Tea», kodwa i-classic nge-Muzhou isho okuhlukile: «睦州生桐庐县山谷» — itiye lase-Muzhou likhula ezigodini zesifunda sase-Tonglu.
    * **Isicaphuno esinempikiswano.** Inkulumo mayelana netiye elishisiwe le-Qiandao Lake i-Jiukeng izincwadi ziyinikeza ngezinye izikhathi i-«Tea Book» (茶谱) ka-Mao Wenxi, ngezinye izikhathi iqoqo elithi «Hanmo Quanshu» (翰墨全书); isichasiselo sinempikiswano.
    * **Itiye lentela.** Izincwadi zokubhekisela zicaphuna imibhalo yendawo ethi «Zhishan Yizhi» (雉山邑志) kanye ne-«Yanling Zhi» (严陵志): «淳[安茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ancha)旧产鸠坑者佳，唐时称贡物，宋朝罢贡» — itiye elingcono kakhulu lase-Chun'an kusukela kudala livela e-Jiukeng, nge-Tang laliyintela, nge-Song intela yaqedwa. Emibhalweni uqobo umugqa awukaqinisekiswa.
    * **Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.** Ngokwezincwadi zomkhakha, kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Qing, itiye lase-Jiukeng lalithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuxutshwa, kanti i-Chun'an «Suilü» (遂绿) kanye ne-«Tunlü» ([屯绿](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tunlu)) ne-«Wülü» (婺绿) bakha «unxantathu wegolide» wetiye eliluhlaza lase-China.
    * **1959.** Ngokwencazelo yokubhekisela, «i-Jiukeng enamaqabunga amakhulu» (鸠坑大[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)) yangena ohlwini lwezilimo eziyishumi ezingcono kakhulu ezweni; imbewu nezithombo zathunyelwa e-USSR, e-Mali, e-Guinea, e-Algeria nase-Morocco, kanti abafuduki abavela endaweni yechibi le-Xin'anjiang bahamba nembewu.
    * **1984.** Ngokombiko we-Central Radio, ikomidi likazwelonke lezilimo zesitshalo setiye laqashela i-Jiukengzhong njengohlobo lukazwelonke ngenombolo ethi «Huacha No. 23» (华茶23号); enye incwadi yomkhakha ibika unyaka we-1985. Iphephandaba lomkhakha libhala ukuthi uhlobo lwangena eqoqweni lokuqala lezilimo zikazwelonke.
    * **1985.** Ngokwezincwadi zokubhekisela, i-Jiukeng Maojian (鸠坑[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian)) evuselelwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980 yathola isiqu somkhiqizo wekhwalithi woMnyango Wezolimo, Imfuyo Nezokudoba.
    * **2003.** Ngokombiko we-Central Radio, imbewu yalolu hlobo yandiza ngomkhumbi-mkhathi i-«Shenzhou-5» ocwaningweni lokukhethwa emkhathini.
    * **2025.** Ngokwesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 640 (esayinwe ngoJulayi 16, sashicilelwa ngo-Agasti 13), imikhiqizo eyi-1409 yaqashelwa njengemikhiqizo enesiqinisekiso sendawo; i-Jiukeng Cha ingumugqa wama-434. Igama libhaliswe futhi njengesiqinisekiso sendawo sezolimo: ngokwencazelo yokubhekisela ngoDisemba 22, 2017; noshicilelo lomnyango alukaqinisekiswa.
* **Igama:** «Jiukeng» (鸠坑) yigama ledolobhana: 鸠 — ijuba, 坑 — umgodi, umhosha.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Izincwadi zomkhakha nezendawo zibiza lolu hlobo ngokuthi «itiye likamama» (母亲茶). Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba yango-2021–2022, edolobhaneni lase-Tanglian (塘联) ledolobhana endaweni ephakeme cishe ngamamitha angama-600 kukhula «inkosi yezihlahla zetiye» (茶树王) endala kuneminyaka engama-800, enomqhele ongaba ngu-11 m ububanzi; ngokwesisho sendawo esithi «茶王不摘叶，茶树不下青», kuze kube kukhiwa iqabunga kuso, ezinye izihlahla azithintwa, futhi ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kuvulwa kulesi sihlahla.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo lwesihlahla:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa, inani lendawo lase-Jiukeng (鸠坑[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) lesifunda sase-Chun'an kanye nezinhlobo ze-clone ezakhiwe kulo njengomzali. Ngokombiko we-Central Radio, i-Jiukengzhong iwukuphela kohlobo lwembewu yase-Zhejiang futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa kabanzi kakhulu ezweni; yathunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kweshumi, kuhlanganise ne-Japan, i-Vietnam, i-former USSR, i-India, i-Guinea, i-Morocco ne-Algeria.
* **Inzalo:** Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1980, kusuka enanini kuye kwakhethwa imigqa ethi «Jiu 20» (鸠20) kanye ne-«Jiu 16» (鸠16); ngokwencwadi yomkhakha, iqabunga le-«Jiu 20» lilungele kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu. Abezindaba basemadolobheni ngo-2015 babhala ngohlobo olusha oluthi «Jiukeng Zao» (鸠坑早), olwakhiwe kusuka enanini elifanayo. Ngokombiko we-«Nongmin Ribao» (2023), ngaphezu kwengxenye yezivande zesifunda zitshalwe ngenani lase-Jiukeng kanye nenzalo yalo, kanti iqabunga le-«Jiu 20» lithengwa ngentengo ephakeme kunezinye izinhlobo.
* **Ukuvuna:** Kuqala lapho emaminithini ayi-10–15 emqhelweni kuyahlangabezana nezinga. Iqabunga liphelele, lisha, liluhlaza ngokugqamile, ngaphandle kwesiqu, amaxolo kanye ne-«fish leaf» (鱼叶), ngaphandle komonakalo nokungcola.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Nge-Jiukeng Maojian incwadi yokubhekisela ibiza ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka — «tip of the brush» (笔尖); ngokwezikhathi izinto ezingavuthiwe zihlukaniswa nge-maojian (ngaphambi kwe-Qingming), i-yuqian (ngaphambi kwe-Guyu) ne-chaoqing (ngemva kwe-Guyu).

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulima:**

* **Isifunda:** Inyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sase-Chun'an emngceleni ne-Anhui, izintaba ezizungeze i-Qiandao Lake.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa, inhlabathi ebomvu noma ephuzi ene-asidi enhle, i-pH 4.0–6.0.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Incwadi yokubhekisela inikeza isilinganiso sonyaka esiseduze no-17.0 °C, cishe izinsuku ezingama-263 ezingenasithwathwa kanye ne-1430 mm yemvula, nenkungu evamile.
* **Ukuphakama:** Imininingwane enembile ayikho ezidingweni; incazelo yokubhekisela ihlukanisa imithambeka enelanga ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-600.
* **Indawo:** Ngokwencazelo yesiqinisekiso sezolimo, amahektha angama-6500 ezivande, ngaphezu kwamathani angama-3000 etiye ngonyaka, indawo evikelwe engamahektha angama-27000.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili ezinemingcele:

1.  **Ukuvundlalwa kweqabunga (鲜叶摊放, *xiānyè tānfàng*):** amahora angama-6–12, kuze kube thambile, umbala oluhlaza omnyama nephunga elihlanzekile.
2.  **Ukulungiswa ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Embizeni noma emshinini wesigubhu.
3.  **Ukupholisa (摊凉, *tānliáng*):** imizuzu engama-40–60.
4.  **Ukuqondanisa (理条, *lǐtiáo*):** Ngomshini wokuqondanisa noma umshini wetiye eliyisicaba.
5.  **Ukuphumula (回潮, *huícháo*):** imizuzu engama-20–30, kuze kube thambile ihlumela.
6.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** imizuzu engama-20–25; isigaba esiphezulu ngaphandle kokucindezela, ezinye ngokucindezela okuncane maphakathi nomjikelezo.
7.  **Ukomisa (烘干, *hōnggān*):** kabili ngokuphumula kwemizuzu engama-20–30 phakathi, kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kuka-6 %.
8.  **Ukuqeda (整理, *zhěnglǐ*):** kukhethwa amapuleti aphuzi, amaxolo namaqabunga amadala, kususwa imvuthu.

Nge-Jiukeng Maojian yomlando izincwadi zokubhekisela zichaza uhlelo lwezandla: ukuvundlalwa kweqabunga amahora angama-6–12, ukulungiswa ngokushisa, ukusonga, ukomisa kwesibili (烘二青, *hōng èrqīng*), ukubunjwa (整形做条), ukuvezwa koboya (提毫, *tíháo*) nokomisa kokugcina. Ukuma okuqondile okuqinile iqabunga likuthola embizeni ku-60 °C; bese imbiza ipholiswa cishe ku-40 °C bese iqabunga lihlikihlwa ngezandla kuze kuvele uboya. Ukomiswa kokugcina kubhasikidi we-bamboo phezu komlilo.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa, kwezindlela ezimbili.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Isimo esigoqiwe (卷曲形) — iqabunga eligoqiwe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinoboya obubonakalayo. Isicaba (扁形) — isicaba, esibushelelezi, esiqondile, esiluhlaza.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Eligoqiwe — i-chestnut ethambile, eqhubekayo (嫩栗香持久); isicaba — i-chestnut eqinile (栗香馥郁).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Eligoqiwe — okusha nokuthambile (鲜醇); isicaba — okugcwele nokuthambile (浓醇).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Eligoqiwe — oluhlaza, ogqamile; isicaba — oluhlaza okotshani, ogqamile.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Eligoqiwe — lithambile, lilinganile, liluhlaza futhi ligqamile; isicaba — linenyama, liwugqinsi, liluhlaza futhi ligqamile.

Isici esihlukanisayo umqulu usichaza kanje: «叶肥耐冲泡、栗香味鲜浓» — iqabunga elinamanzi, elimelana nokuphuzwa kaningi, iphunga le-chestnut, ukunambitheka okusha okujulile.

I-Jiukeng Maojian izincwadi zokubhekisela ziyichaza kanje: iqabunga liminyene, likhulu, liqondile, liluhlaza ngokuthambile, linezinwele ezimhlophe; otshwaleni amahlumela anenyama, umbala uphuzi-luhlaza futhi ugqamile, uboya bude buyisiliva, iphunga le-chestnut ephekiwe (熟栗子香), ukunambitheka okusha futhi kujulile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka etiyeni eliqediwe:

| Inkomba | Okuqukethwe |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | 40–53 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | 18–28 % |
| Ama-amino acid | 3–6 % |

Ayikho imininingwane nge-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza; abathengisi beluleka amanzi angama-80–90 °C nokuphuzwa okuthathu kuya kokune, kodwa lokhu akusilo ijwayelekile lesiqondiso.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala ngemizuzu engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala, bese wengeza amanzi.
    5. Ukuphuza kathathu kuya kokune, ngakunye kukude kancane.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Namanga:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:**
    * Uhlobo nendawo akufani: isihlahla se-Jiukeng sikhula kulo lonke elase-China, kodwa i-Jiukeng Cha itiye kuphela lesifunda sase-Chun'an.
    * Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo.
    * Zombili izindlela zisemthethweni; okufanayo yiphunga le-chestnut nesisekelo setiye esinenyama.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Umugqa othi «睦州有鸠坑» uvame ukunikezwa i-«The Classic of Tea», kodwa use-«Izijobelelo emlandweni wombuso we-Tang».
* Imbewu ye-Jiukeng yandiza emkhathini ngo-2003.
* Ngokwezincwadi zokubhekisela, i-Jiukeng Maojian yayiyisisekelo setiye le-jasmine — «Jiukeng Moli Maojian» (鸠坑茉莉毛尖).
* Umngcele ophansi wezinto ezikhishwayo ungu-40 %; ku-Yuyao Pubu Xianming ([余姚瀑布仙茗](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yuyao-pubu-xianming)) nase-Sanbeixiang Cha (三杯香茶) esimemezelweni esifanayo ngu-36 no-37 %.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Chun'an nakomakhelwane:**

* **Qiandao Yuye ([千岛玉叶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiandao-yu-ye)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda esifanayo sohlobo olufanayo, eladalwa ngo-1982.
* **Zhejiang Songzhen ([浙江松针](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhejiang-songzhen)):** Itiye eliluhlaza elinjengenaliti lesifunda esifanayo.
* **Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha ([桐庐雪水云绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tonglu-xueshui-yunlu-cha)):** Itiye lesifunda sase-Tonglu, i-«The Classic of Tea» elibiza ngokuthi indawo yetiye lase-Muzhou.
* **Tunlü (屯绿):** Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Anhui lokuthumela ngaphandle, umakhelwane ku-«golden triangle».

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Jiukeng Cha itiye eligama lalo likhulu kunalo uqobo: idolobhana lanikeza igama ohlotsheni olwasakazeka kulo lonke elase-China nangale, kanti okuvikelwe kuphela itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Chun'an. Ligoqiwe noma liyisicaba, libonakala ngeqabunga elinamanzi, iphunga le-chestnut nokumelana nokuphuzwa kaningi.