---
title: "jīnhuá báichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jinhua-baicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# jīnhuá báichá (金华白茶)

I-Jinhua baicha igama elihlanganisayo lamatiye atshalwa esifundeni sase-Jinhua (金华) esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinamahlamvu akhanyayo ("albino") futhi acutshungulwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza. Naphezu kohlamvu lwesiShayina 白 (*bái*, "mhlophe") egameni, umkhiqizo awuwona umkhakha wetiye elimhlophe ngokomqondo wobuchwepheshe: lapha kukhulunywa ngesenzakalo se-pigmentation yohlobo lwesitshalo, hhayi indlela yokukhiqiza.

> Inothi lomhleli: ngaleli gama elithile asizange sithole umthombo wocwaningo ogunyaziwe, oxhunywe ne-GB/T. Ngezansi kunemininingwane ejwayelekile enesisekelo mayelana nalolu hlobo lwetiye; amaphuzu anokungaboni ngasolinye (izinga eliqondile, imingcele yokuvikela igama lendawo, izinsuku) abalulwe ngokusobala njengangasinzelwanga.

**1. Ukwahlukaniswa Nomsuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** itiye eliluhlaza elivela ohlotsheni lwesitshalo esinamahlamvu akhanyayo (白化茶绿茶, *báihuà chá lǜchá*). Naphezu ko-白 egameni, ngendlela yokucubungula lokhu itiye eliluhlaza, elidlula kumjikelezo ogcwele wokumisa amahlamvu abe luhlaza.
* **Ugibe lwamagama:** ekuhlukaniseni kwetiye laseShayina, izigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zichazwa yindlela yokucubungula. Itiye elimhlophe langempela (*báichá*, 白茶) — yizinhlobo zase-Fuding nase-Zhenghe, ezibuna bese ziyomiswa kuphela ngaphandle kokumiswa kokuba luhlaza kwamahlamvu. Amatiye afana no-"jinhua baicha", kanye ne-ajini elidumile *anjibaicha* ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anji-baicha)), akhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezikhethekile zezitshalo ezinamahlamvu akhanyayo (白化茶, *báihuà chá*) futhi adlula kumjikelezo ogcwele wetiye eliluhlaza — nokumiswa kwama-enzyme (杀青). "Ubumhlophe" bubhekisela kumbala wehlumela elincane, hhayi kubuchwepheshe.
* **Umsuka:** isifunda sase-Jinhua (金华), ingxenye emaphakathi yesifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江), endaweni enezintaba ephakathi komcengezi woMfula i-Qiantang. Isifunda esiphethwe yi-Jinhua sihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, izigodi nezifunda 武义 (Wuyi), 磐安 (Pan'an), 浦江 (Pujiang), 兰溪 (Lanxi), kanye no-东阳, 义乌, 永康. Ezimbalwa zalezi zindawo — ikakhulukazi i-Wuyi (武义) ne-Pan'an (磐安) — zaziwa kudala ngokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza, imvelo ehlanzekile yasezintabeni nokulima okuphilayo okuthuthukile.
* **Uhlobo lwesitshalo:** ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwesitshalo 白叶一号 (*Báiyè yīhào*, "Iqabunga Elimhlophe No. 1") — yilona hlobo lwezitshalo olwenza i-*anjibaicha* yaduma. Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zendawo ezinamahlamvu akhanyayo, kodwa i-白叶一号 iyona ndawo ejwayeleke kakhulu e-Zhejiang (uqobo lwesakhiwo sezinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe e-Jinhua angeke kuqinisekiswe — *kudinga ukucaciswa*).

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:**

* Lonke iqembu lamatiye aluhlaza anamahlamvu akhanyayo e-Zhejiang likhule emthonjeni owodwa — ukutholwa kwesihlahla setiye esidala esine-albino e-Anji kanye nokukhethwa kohlelo lwezitshalo i-白叶一号 engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 (usuku lokuqondile lomongo we-Jinhua alushiwongo ngenhloso njengolungaqinisekisiwe).
* Ngemuva kokuthi lolu hlobo lukhombise ukubaluleka kwezentengiso, ukutshalwa kwalo kwaqala ukusabalala kwezinye izindawo zase-Zhejiang, kuhlanganisa nezifunda ezimaphakathi ezinamagquma, njenge-Jinhua.
* Ngakho-ke, i-jinhua baicha iyingxenye yegagasi elibanzi "lamahlamvu amhlophe etiye aluhlaza", lapho indawo ngayinye inikela ngenguqulo yayo ngesisekelo sohlobo olufanayo, incike ku-*terroir* yendawo kanye nekhono lokucubungula. Ukuze i-Jinhua, eyayivele inedumela elihle ngetiye eliluhlaza (amapulazi asezintabeni ase-Wuyi nase-Pan'an), ukuthatha lesi sigaba se-premium kwaba isinyathelo esinengqondo.

**3. Incazelo Ye-Botany Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **I-albinism yohlobo lwesitshalo:** lesi senzakalo sibizwa nge-albinism ethembele emazingeni okushisa. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi asentwasahlobo emahlumeleni amancane, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll kuyacindezelwa, futhi amahlamvu athola umbala omhlophe we-jade, ophuzi ngokukhanyayo noma cishe okhilimu onemitambo eluhlaza. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorophyll kuyabuya, futhi iqabunga liba luhlaza.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe:** i-flesh ethambile, ngokuvamili imbali eneqabunga elilodwa, eqoqwe ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo sokuqala lapho amahlamvu "emhlophe", esakhanyile.
* **Ifasitela lokuvuna:** lincane kakhulu — isivuno sasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo siyaziswa kakhulu, ngesikhathi iqabunga lisakhanyile. Lokhu kwenza amatiye anjalo abe abizayo futhi atholakale ngesizini ethile.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

Kumatiye anamahlamvu akhanyayo, isimo sezulu sibaluleke kakhulu:

* isimo sezulu esishisayo nesome sinemimoya, nentwasahlobo epholile, enomswakama;
* indawo enamagquma enenkungu, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile nokukhipha amanzi okuhle;
* inhlabathi ene-asidi yasemagqumeni.

Ukuphola kwenkathi yokuqala kwentwasahlobo kuyona kanye "eyenza" umphumela we-albino walesi sitshalo, yingakho i-terroir yase-Jinhua enokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa efanele lolu hlobo lwetiye.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokobuchwepheshe, i-jinhua baicha idlula ezigabeni zakudala zetiye eliluhlaza:

1. **Ukuvuna** (采摘, *cǎizhāi*) — i-flesh ethambile, imvamisa imbali eneqabunga elilodwa, ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo sokuqala lapho amahlamvu "emhlophe".
2. **Ukubuna / ukundlala** (摊放, *tānfàng*) — iqabunga liyomiswa kancane, kuthuthukiswa iphunga elimnandi.
3. **Ukumiswa kokuba luhlaza** (杀青, *shāqīng*) — ukungasebenzi kwama-enzyme ngokushisa, kumiswe ukugqwala; yilesi sinyathelo esihambisa umkhiqizo esigabeni setiye eliluhlaza.
4. **Ukubumba** (理条 *lǐtiáo* / 揉捻 *róuniǎn*) — ukunikwa kwesimo: ngokuvamile iqabunga eliqondile, eliyisicaba kancane noma elifana nenalithi.
5. **Ukomisa** (干燥, *gānzào*) — ukuletha kumswakama ozinzile.

Iqabunga elomile elisetshenziselwe ukusela ligcina umbala okhanyayo, ohlaza okumhlophe nombala osagolide — uphawu olubonakalayo lwalolu hlobo.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Iphrofayili yezinzwa ijwayelekile ngetiye elihle eliluhlaza elinamahlamvu akhanyayo:

* **ukuthelwa:** kukhanyayo, kucwebezela, kuphuzi okuluhlaza okwe-jade;
* **iphunga elimnandi:** lisha, elicolekile — izinhlobo zotshani obuncane, amahlumela kabhontshisi, ngesinye isikhathi inothi lomnduze / lezimbali elicolekile;
* **ukunambitheka:** kusha ngokusobala futhi kumnandi kancane, nokugcwala kwe-umami okuphawulekayo okuvela ku-theanine, ubumuncu obuncane kanye nokunamathela, nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile ngemuva kokugwinya;
* **iqabunga elibilisiwe:** lizacile, likhanyayo, linemitambo ekhanyayo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Umphumela wamakhemikhali eziphilayo we-albino uwona ngenani eliyinhloko lwalolu hlobo:

* lapho i-chlorophyll icindezelwe, ingxenye ye-polyfenol (ama-catechin) iyancipha;
* ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe ama-amino acid akhululekile kuyakhuphuka, ikakhulukazi i-theanine (*theanine*);
* ukushintsha kwesilinganiso "sama-amino acid / we-polyfenol" kuvuna ama-amino acid kunika ukunambitheka okuvamile okusha, okumnandi okuhlanganiswe ne-umami, okucishe kungabi muncu.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Izincomo zokuphisa (njengokwetiye eliluhlaza elicolekile):

* amanzi 80 — 85 °C, hhayi amanzi abilayo, ukuze kungabula ubusha be-amino acid;
* izinga eliphansi letiye;
* kulula ukuliphisa engilazini engicwebezela noma e-gaiwan, ubukele amahlumela akhanyayo eqaqeka futhi esukuma;
* ukuthelwa okufushane, ukuze kugcinwe ubuncane futhi kungabhidliki ubumuncu.

Leli tiye elinesimo sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, "sefestivali": liphuzwa liselusha, laziwa ngobusha, hhayi ngokuvuthwa.

**11. Intengo Namanyela:**

Ungahlukanisa kanjani futhi ungaphambanisi:

1. **Ungaphambanisi netiye elimhlophe langempela.** Ama-Fuding [白毫银针](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baihao-yinzhen) kanye nokufanayo — awomkhakha wetiye elimhlophe (ukubuna nokomisa kuphela). I-Jinhua baicha itiye eliluhlaza. Hlola incazelo yokucutshungulwa, hhayi igama elithi 白 kuphela egameni.
2. **Ungaphambanisi ne-anjibaicha ngokomsuka.** Isisekelo sohlobo lwesitshalo singafana (白叶一号), kodwa igama lendawo "安吉白茶" libhekisela e-Anji. Itiye lase-Jinhua kufanele libizwe ngesifunda salo.
3. **Bheka iqabunga.** Izinto zangempela ezinamahlamvu akhanyayo zinikeza iqabunga elomile eliphaphathekile, elimhlophe okuluhlaza kanye neqabunga elibilisiwe elikhanyayo, elizacile elinemizwa eluhlaza — uphawu lwe-chlorophyll ecindezelwe.
4. **Nambitha ukunambitheka.** Inkomba eyinhloko yalolu hlobo ubusha obukhulu kanye ne-umami enokubaba okuncane kakhulu; ukunamathela okuqinile kanye nokuthelwa okumnyama kukhombisa ukuvunwa kwakamuva, noma ezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe.
5. **Isizini.** Inani langempela lisesivunweni sasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; lapho iqabunga livunwa kamuva, liba luhlaza kakhulu futhi lilahlekelwa ubumnandi balo obuphawulekayo be-amino acid.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* **Amazinga kanye ne-GB/T.** Njengoba kukhulunywa ngetiye eliluhlaza, umkhiqizo ngokujwayelekile uhambisana nezidingo zikazwelonke zetiye eliluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, izinga likazwelonke eliqondile (GB/T) nge-"金华白茶" angeke liqinisekiswe, yingakho inombolo yalo ingashiwongo. Izinga le-anjibaicha (elivame ukukhulunywa ngalo ngetiye eliluhlaza elinamahlamvu akhanyayo) — yinkomba yendawo yase-Anji, hhayi Jinhua, futhi alisabalalisi ngokuzenzakalelayo emikhiqizweni yase-Jinhua. Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokuvikelwa kwegama elihlukile kanye namazinga endawo e-Jinhua — *yiphuzu elidinga ukuhlolwa ngemithombo esemthethweni*. Emikhubeni yezentengiselwano, itiye elifana naleli lichazwa kahle kakhulu "njenge tiye eliluhlaza elivela ohlotsheni lwesitshalo esinamahlamvu akhanyayo" (白化茶绿茶).
* I-Jinhua baicha kufanele iqondwe njengencazelo yendawo yase-Zhejiang yetiye eliluhlaza elinamahlamvu akhanyayo — elisha, elinamandla, lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, elizalwa isici sohlobo lwesitshalo, hhayi indlela yokucubungula. Lapho kungekho datha eqinisekisiwe (amazinga e-GB/T anembile, imingcele yokuvikelwa kwegama, uqobo lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe kanye nezinsuku), igebe lishiywe ngamabomu, ukuze kungabhalwa itiye ngezindondo ezingekho.