---
title: "Jīngxiàn tè jiān"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jingxian-te-jian
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jīngxiàn tè jiān (泾县特尖)

Jīngxiàn tè jiān (泾县特尖, Jīngxiàn tè jiān) iyitíye eliluhlaza elihlanganisayo nelinomlando, livela ezindaweni zezintaba eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda saseJingxian esifundazweni sase-Anhui, likunye nedumile iYongxi Huo Qing futhi liyindlalifa yesiko lasendulo lase-Anhui le-“jiānchá” (尖茶, itíye elicijile). Leli tíye liphawuleka ngezici ezimbili eziyingqayizivele: okokuqala, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-selenium emhlabathini — liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5,5 kunelamatiye avamile; okwesibili, iphunga elimile le-orchid elihlanganiswe nokufudumala kwe-chestnut nobumnandi boju. UNdunankulu uQianlong (乾隆, Qiánlóng), ngesikhathi ehlola izifundazwe eziseningizimu, wazinambitha mathupha itíye elivela esigodini saseTingxi (汀溪) eJingxian futhi walincoma ngamazwi: “Leli tíye lihle kakhulu” (此茶甚好).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itíye eliluhlaza (elingavuthisiwe). Lingaphansi kwamatiye aluhlaza ahlanganisayo (烘青绿茶, hōngqīng lǜchá) — ukoma kokugcina kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa (烘焙, hōngbèi), kuhlanganise namalahle okhuni. Ngokuma — lisongelwe (卷曲形) ezinhlotsheni eziyigugu neziphakeme kakhulu, linjengenalithi (针芽状) esigabeni se-“tíkuí” (提魁).

* **Isigaba:** Itíye elidume ngomlando lase-Anhui (安徽历史名茶). Ngo-1983 — “Isitifiketi Sodumo” soMnyango Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle (外贸部"荣耀证书"). Ngo-1985 — “Itíye Elihamba Phambili Ezingeni Lomnyango” (部优茶). Ngo-1986 — “Itíye Elidumile LaseChina” (中国名茶). Umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo.

* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda saseJingxian (泾县, Jīngxiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa sonke isifunda, kodwa ingqikithi izindawo zezintaba eziseningizimu-mpumalanga, ikakhulukazi izigodi zase-Aimin (爱民乡), eNanrong (南容乡), eTingxi (汀溪乡) naseTongshan (铜山乡). Ngaphezu kwama-90% etíye lezigaba eziphakeme livela kulezi zigodi ezine.

* **Izixhumanisi zomhlaba:** Cishe 30°30′ enyakatho yomkhawulo, 118°25′ empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Ukutshalwa kwetíye eJingxian kubhalwe phansi kusukela ezikhathini zeTang neSong, lapho itíye lendawo lase laziwa khona esifundeni. Enkathini yeQing, itíye laseJingxian lathola igama elithi “Yángjiān” (洋尖) futhi lathunyelwa emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia — lokhu kungesinye sezibonelo zakuqala zokuthunyelwa kwetíye lase-Anhui kwamanye amazwe.

	Isikhathi esiyinkomba kwakuwukuvakasha kukaNdunankulu uQianlong (乾隆), okwathi ngesikhathi ehlola izifundazwe eziseningizimu, wama esigodini saseTingxi (汀溪) wazinambitha i-“gòngjiān” (贡尖, “itíye elicijile lesipho”) lendawo. Amazwi akhe athi “此茶甚好” (“Leli tíye lihle kakhulu”) abhalwa emibhalweni yomlando wendawo.

	Ekhulwini lama-20: ngo-1983 — isitifiketi soMnyango Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle ngenxa yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngo-1985 — umklomelo womnyango. Ngo-1986 — isikhundla “Itíye Elidumile LaseChina,” okwavuselela isiko le-“jiānchá” (尖茶) futhi kwaqinisa iJingxian njengesinye sezifunda eziphambili zetíye e-Anhui.

* **Igama:**

	* “Jīngxiàn” (泾县) — igama lesifunda esiseningizimu ye-Anhui, emaphethelweni e-Huangshan.
	* “Tè” (特) — “okukhethekile, okuvelele”: kukhomba izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lekhwalithi.
	* “Jiān” (尖) — “indawo ebukhali, isihloko”: kuchaza ukuma okucijile kwehlumela. Igama elithi “尖” liyitemu lendabuko letíye lase-Anhui, elichaza uhlobo lwetíye olwenziwe ngezihlumela ezibucayi ezicijile.

* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IJingxian iyisifunda esinesiko lelíye elijulile, esanikeza umhlaba amatiye amabili adumile: iYongxi Huo Qing ([涌溪火青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yongxi-huo-qing)) neJīngxiàn tè jiān. Uma iYongxi Huo Qing iyigugu elinomiso lwamalahle lwamahora angama-20, iJīngxiàn tè jiān iy-“ingqikithi” yamatiye aluhlaza ahlanganisayo ase-Anhui, eqhubeka nomugqa wasendulo we-“jiānchá”.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nobumbewu:**

* **Izinhlobo / Umhlwanyeli:** **Jīngxiàn Qúntǐzhǒng (泾县[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), Jīngxiàn Qúntǐzhǒng)** — uhlobo lwendawo lomdabu lwe-*Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*, olwaziwa ngokuthi “umhlwanyeli oyisibonelo sendawo kazwelonke” (国家级地方良种). Luyisihlahla, iqabunga lisuka koku-elliptical kuye kokumise okwe-willow. Luphawuleka ngokuqala ukumila kusenesikhathi kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nezimo ezingezinhle. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali eqabunga elisha: i-polyphenol — 30,35%, ama-amino acid — 3,08%, izinga le-selenium lingelinye eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseChina.

* **Ukuvunwa:** Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izinga lincike esigabeni:
	* **Tíkuí (提魁, “ingcweti ephakeme”):** Izihlungu eziphelele noma ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa. Ukuma okuqondile, okunjengenalithi.
	* **Tèjí (特级):** Ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (≥60%). Ukuma okusongelwe okunoboya obuningi.
	* **Yījí (一级):** Ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili. Ukunambitheka okugcwele okunobumnandi obuqhamukayo.
	* **Èrjí (二级):** Ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili kanye neqabunga elinjengehlumela. Iphunga elinomthunzi we-orchid noju.

* **Izidingo zobumbewu:** Izihlumela ezibucayi, ezifanayo, ezingalimele. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ngosuku lokuvuna.

**4. Indawo (Terroir) kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Umphansi:** Amaphethelo aseningizimu-mpumalanga e-Huangshan (黄山余脉). Izihosha zezintaba ezinemifudlana eminingi.

* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-600 ngaphezu kolwandle.

* **Isimo sezulu:** Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — cishe i-15°C, imvula yonyaka — 1200–1800 mm. Kunamafu nenkungu unyaka wonke. Kukhanya okuningi okuhlakazekile (漫射光).

* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi ene-asidi (红黄壤), eyakhiwe phezu kwamatshe e-granite (花岗岩发育). i-pH 4,5–6,5. I-humus horizon enamandla enezinto eziphilayo eziningi. **Isici esiyinhloko — izinga le-selenium eliphakeme kakhulu (硒, xī): 0,70–3,85 ppm — liphindwe izikhathi ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu kunenhlabathi yamatiye avamile.** Lokhu kujiyisa kwemvelo kuchaza iphrofayili yamaminerali ehlukile yeJīngxiàn tè jiān.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe be-Jīngxiàn tè jiān buyindlela yendabuko yokuhlanganisa yase-Anhui (烘青) enokomiswa ngamalahle. Izigaba eziyishumi.

* **Ukweneka (摊青 — tān qīng):** Ukweneka isikhashana.

* **Ukulungisa (杀青 — shāqīng):** Ukugazinga ebhodweni — ukumisa i-oxidation, ukulungisa iphunga le-orchid ne-chestnut.

* **Ukusonga kancane (轻揉 — qīngróu):** Ingcindezi encane ukuze kugcinwe ukuphelela kwezihlungu.

* **Ukugazinga umkhiqizo osakhiwayo (炒坯 — chǎopēi):** Ukugazinga okuphakathi.

* **Ukusonga kabusha (复揉 — fùróu):** Ukuhlanganisa isakhiwo.

* **Ukoma kokuqala ngamalahle (初烘 — chū hōng):** Ngama-100–120°C phezu kwamalahle okhuni.

* **Ukubumba (理条 — lǐtiáo):** Ukuqondisa ngesandla nokubumba — ukucindezela kancane (轻压做形) ngaphandle kwengcindezi enamandla.

* **Ukoma kabusha ngamalahle (复烘 — fù hōng):** Ngama-70–90°C — ukufudumeza okuthambile ukuze kuvezwe iphunga.

* **Ukuveza uboya (提毫 — tí háo):** Indlela ekhethekile “yokukhipha” uboya obusiliva phezu komzimba.

* **Ukoma kokugcina (足干 — zúgān):** Ukufinyelela ezingeni lomswakama ≤4% — elinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza, okuqinisekisa ukulondolozeka isikhathi eside.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa (Organoleptic):**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Isigaba “Tíkuí” — izihlungu eziqondile, ezizacile ezifana nezinalithi (紧直显毫). Isigaba “Tèjí” — izihlumela ezisongelwe ziqinile ezinoboya obuningi (细曲披毫). Umbala — uluhlaza njenge-emerald okucwebezela okunjengamafutha.

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Elibucayi, elimile. Inothi le-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) — isici esiyinhloko sephunga. Inothi le-chestnut (栗香) — eligcwele, eliqokomele ikakhulukazi esigabeni se-“Tèjí”.

* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** I-orchid, elihlanzekile, eliphakeme nelimile (兰香清高持久). Amathonya e-chestnut.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokunamanzi (鲜爽), okunobumnandi obuqhamukayo obugqamile (回甘). Okugcwele (醇厚). Izinga le-polyphenol — ngaphezu kuka-30% — elinye eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ahlanganisayo, okunikeza ukunambitheka ukujula kwesakhiwo. Nokho, ama-amino acid (3,08%) alinganisela ubumuncu, enza iphrofayili evumelanayo.

	Esigabeni se-“Èrjí” — kunothi eliyingqayizivele: iphunga le-orchid noju (蜜糖兼兰花香, mìtáng jiān lánhuā xiāng) — inhlanganisela engavamile ematiyeni aluhlaza.

* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Uluhlaza ngobumnene, uhlanzekile futhi ukhanyayo (嫩绿清亮), usobala, “njenge-jade” (清澈如翡翠).

* **Phansi kwetíye (iqabunga eliphekwe):** Izihlumela ezibucayi, eziluhlaza, eziyizidudla, eziqoqwe zaba “amathupha amancane” (嫩黄匀整，肥壮成朵). Iqabunga linwebekayo futhi liyaphila.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Inhlabathi ye-granite equkethe i-selenium kanye nesimo sezulu esincane sezintaba eziphakeme kuchaza iphrofayili ehlukile:

* **I-Polyphenol (i-catechin):** Izinga — ngaphezu kuka-30% wobunzima obomile — elinye eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ahlanganisayo. Kunikeza amandla amakhulu e-antioxidant nokujula kwesakhiwo.

* **Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine):** 3,08% — anikeza ukusha nobumnandi, okuqinisa izinga eliphezulu le-polyphenol.

* **I-Selenium (硒, xī):** **0,70–3,85 ppm — liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5,5 kunomndeni wamatiye.** I-selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla ne-immunomodulator. I-Jīngxiàn tè jiān ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza acebe kakhulu nge-selenium eChina.

* **Ama-alkaloid:** I-caffeine — cishe u-3%. I-theobromine, i-theophylline.

* **Amavithamini:** Uvithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.

* **Amaminerali:** I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium, i-phosphorus.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

* **Umthelela we-antioxidant:** Izinga eliphawulekayo le-polyphenol (>30%) kuhlanganiswe ne-selenium (liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5,5 kunomndeni) kunikeza umphumela ophindwe kabili we-antioxidant.
* **Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo:** I-selenium kanye ne-catechin zisiza ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi nephrofayili ye-lipid.
* **Umthelela wokuvuselela:** I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
* **Umthelela wokupholisa (清热消暑):** Ukuqeda ukoma.
* **Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya (消食):** Ukukhuthaza ukuhlakazeka kwamafutha.

* **Kubalulekile:** lezi zakhiwo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingwaneni etholakala esidlangalaleni futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80°C.

* **Inani letíye:** Amagremu ama-3 ku-150 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi yeglasi — indlela yokuthululela ngaphansi (下投法).

* **Inqubo:**

	1. Fudumeza ingilazi, uzithele amanzi.
	2. Thela itíye.
	3. Thela amanzi. Liphike amaminithi ama-2.
	4. Phuza lapho ingilazi ishiya u-1/3 — buyisela amanzi. Itíye likwazi ukuphinde liphikwe izikhathi ezi-3–4.

* **Qaphela:** uma uzwela nge-caffeine, yehlisa umthamo. Akunconywa ukuphuza isisu singenalutho nangaphambi kokulala.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* Gcina esitsheni esivalekile, endaweni emnyama nepholile.
* Kungcono — esiqandisini ngama-0–5°C.
* Izinga lomswakama etiyeni eliqediwe — ≤4% — liqinisekisa ukulondolozeka okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye anomswakama osele ophezulu.
* Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-12–18.
* Ngemva kokuvula — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1–2.

**11. Intengo kanye Namaqhuzu:**

I-Jīngxiàn tè jiān iyitíye elinentengo ephakathi nendawo nesilinganiso esihle sentengo/ikhwalithi, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ze-“Tèjí” ne-“Yījí”. Isigaba se-“Tíkuí” — sibiza kakhulu.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani amaqhuzu:**

	* **Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe** abanesiqinisekiso sokuthi umkhiqizo uvela esifundeni saseJingxian.
	* **Hlaziya iphunga:** inothi le-orchid liwuphawu olubalulekile. Ukungabikho kwe-orchid — kuyasolisa.
	* **Hlola ukuphisa:** “njenge-jade” — uhlanzekile, ukhanyayo, uluhlaza ngobumnene.
	* **Naka imvelaphi:** 90%+ wezigaba eziphakeme zivela ezigodini ezine eziwumgogodla (Aimin, Nanrong, Tingxi, Tongshan).

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izinga le-selenium enhlabathini yaseJingxian (0,70–3,85 ppm) — liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5,5 kunomndeni wezindawo zamatiye. I-Jīngxiàn tè jiān ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza “ane-selenium” kakhulu emhlabeni.

* UNdunankulu uQianlong, ngemva kokunambitha itíye lesigodi saseTingxi, wathi: “此茶甚好” (“Leli tíye lihle kakhulu”). Lokhu kungenye yezikhathi ezimbalwa ezibhalwe phansi lapho inkosi yancoma itíye elithile lase-Anhui ngaphandle kwalabo “Abayishumi Abadumile”.

* IJingxian iyisifunda esanikeza umhlaba amatiye amabili aluhlaza adumile ahluke ngokuphelele: iYongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青) enjengegugu nokuphisa okunombala wamabhilikosi kanye nokomiswa kwamahora angama-20, neJīngxiàn tè jiān esongelwe futhi enjengenalithi enephunga le-orchid kanye nezinga eliphawulekayo le-selenium. Amatiye amabili avela esifundeni esisodwa — futhi izitayela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele.

* Umswakama osele ongaphansi ≤4% — elinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza (ngokuvamile — 5–7%). Lokhu kuwumphumela wokomiswa ngamalahle okwenziwe kabili futhi kuqinisekisa ukulondolozeka okungcono.

* Enkathini yeQing, itíye laseJingxian lathunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Yángjiān” (洋尖, “isihloko saphesheya”) emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia — kudala ngaphambi kokuba iningi lamatiye ase-Anhui liqale ukungena ezimakethe zangaphandle.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Anhui:**

* **I-Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青):** Okuwela izwe, evela esifundeni esifanayo saseJingxian. Ukuma okunjegegugu, ukuphisa okunombala wamabhilikosi, ukomiswa ngamalahle okuthatha amahora angama-20. I-Huo Qing — “ifudumele” kakhudlwana, iyindilinga kakhudlwana futhi “inamalangabi”; iJīngxiàn tè jiān inephunga le-orchid elikhudlwana futhi inamaminerali amaningi.

* **I-Huangshan Mao Feng ([黄山毛峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huangshan-mao-feng)):** Evela edolobheni lase-Huangshan. “Ulimi lomdlwane” oluhlanganisayo olunephunga le-orchid ne-chestnut. I-Mao Feng — “yaziwa” kakhudlwana futhi iphumelela kwezohwebo; iJīngxiàn tè jiān inothile nge-selenium eningi futhi inezinga eliphakeme le-polyphenol.

* **I-Taiping Hou Kui ([太平猴魁](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taiping-hou-kui)):** Evela edolobheni lase-Huangshan. Amaqabunga amakhulu ayisicaba anephunga le-orchid elijulile. I-Hou Kui — “inkulu” kakhudlwana; iJīngxiàn tè jiān incane kakhudlwana futhi “inamaminerali” amaningi.

* **I-Liuan Gua Pian ([六安瓜片](https://thetea.app/zu/article/liu-an-guapian)):** Evela entshonalanga ye-Anhui. “Izinhlamvu zethanga” eziyisicaba ezenziwe ngamaqabunga ahlanzekile. I-Gua Pian — inotshani kakhudlwana futhi igcwele kakhulu; iJīngxiàn tè jiān inephunga le-orchid elikhudlwana futhi imnandi.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Jīngxiàn tè jiān yitíye lapho umhlaba ukhuluma kakhulu kunesandla sengcweti. Inhlabathi ye-granite equkethe i-selenium yamaphethelo ase-Huangshan, izihosha ezinamafu nemifudlana, kanye namasiko eminyaka eyikhulu e-“jiānchá” kwakha itíye, okuphunga kwalo le-orchid nokujula kwalo kwamaminerali akunakwenzeka kwenye indawo. Akulona itíye lase-Anhui elinomsindo omkhulu futhi akulona elidume kakhulu — kodwa, mhlawumbe, lingelinye lalawo anomusa omkhulu: linomusa nge-selenium, ngephunga le-orchid, ngobumnandi boju besigaba sesibili kanye nokufudumala okufile kwe-chestnut kwesokuqala. Uma i-Yongxi Huo Qing ing-“umlilo” weJingxian, iJīngxiàn tè jiān ing-“umhlaba” wayo: ojulile, onamaminerali, ophilisayo.