---
title: "Jiāonán lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiaonan-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jiāonán lǜchá (胶南绿茶)

**I-Jiaonan Lücha** (*Jiāonán lǜchá*, 胶南绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobheni langaphambili laseJiaonan (胶南市) eningizimu yeQingdao, esifundazweni saseShandong. Itiye lalapha lisencane: lalethwa lisuka eningizimu maphakathi nawo-1960 ngohlelo lwesifundazwe oluthi "南茶北引", okusho ukuthi "ukudlulisela itiye laseningizimu enyakatho", kanti itiye lokuqala lendawo eliluhlaza lenziwa ngo-1969. Indawo yokuvikelwa ihamba emigqashukeni emithathu yezintaba, kanti izidingo zichaza ukubukeka kwetiye ngokuqhathanisa namatiye aseningizimu: iqabunga likhudlwana futhi lisinda, umuthi wokuphunga ugqamile, iphunga lephunga linjenge-castnut. Igama livikelwa kabili: njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesiqondiso sendawo nangokwesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 646 (2025).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*), elingavutshelwanga; isigaba sibizwa ngegama.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza laseShandong enyakatho; umkhiqizo onesiqondiso sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseShandong (山东, *Shāndōng*), idolobha laseQingdao (青岛, *Qīngdǎo*), indawo yedolobha langaphambili laseJiaonan (胶南, *Jiāonán*). Isifunda siqedwe, izindawo zaso zangena esifundeni saseHuangdao (黄岛区), lapho umfakisicelo wango-2025 avela khona; isiqondiso sigcine igama elidala.
* **Indawo yokuvikelwa:** Amadolobhana aseHaiqing (海青), eDachang (大场), eZhangjialou (张家楼), eCangnan (藏南), eDacun (大村), eLiuwang (六汪), eBaoshan (宝山), eLiwuguan (理务关), eWangtai (王台) kanye namakomiti emigwaqo aseTieshan (铁山), eYinzhu (隐珠) naseLingshanwei (灵山卫), emugqeni wezintaba iZhushan (珠山), iTieshan neCangmashan (藏马山). Isamba embhalweni sifinyelela emadolobhaneni namakomitini ayi-14, imizi eyi-163, nakuba kuqanjwe amagama ayishumi nambili kuphela; umehluko utholakala embhalweni ngokwawo.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 119°30′–120°11′ E, 35°35′–36°08′ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Indaba eyinhloko yokuqala kwetiye lalapha iwukubhalwa kombhali wendawo ephephandabeni i-"Qingdao xihaian bao" (2025), okubhalelwe iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha ye-"南茶北引" e-Haiqing. Ngokwayo:
    * **1957.** Ikomiti lesifundazwe lanikeza umsebenzi we-"南茶北引" emnyangweni wezohwebo. Imizamo yeminyaka eminingi yehluleka; kwasinda kuphela indawo encane epaki lase-Qingdao iZhongshan.
    * **Ubusika bango-1965.** Ukutshalwa kokuqala okuyisivivinyo esifundeni: 3 *mu* emzaneni waseZhangcang (张仓村) kanye no-2,6 *mu* emzaneni waseGaoyu (高峪村).
    * **1966.** Ukutshalwa kwandiswa emkhandlwini waseHaiqing, kwaba 42 *mu* emizaneni emithathu, oyinhloko kwakuyiHouhexi (后河西). Ebusika izihlahla eziningi zafa yiqhwa. Ukuvikelwa kwatholakala ngokutshala okuminyene ngekhanda eliphansi, ukuthenwa ekwindla, ukunisela nokufaka umsoco ngaphambi kobusika, izihlangu zokuvikela umoya kanye nokwenziwa kwengca; ezinhlotsheni kwakhethwa imbewu ezimelana namakhaza zivela e-Anhui.
    * **1968.** Imizana emihlanu yaseHaiqing yakha ifektri yetiye ehlanganyelwe eHouhexi.
    * **1969.** Iqoqo lokuqala letiye lasendaweni eliluhlaza. Ngokombhalo, ochwepheshe beTea Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences baqaphela iphunga elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okugcwele kanye nokumelana nokuthelwa okuningi, bathola ukuthi izinga liphakeme kunelaseNingizimu.
    * **1970–1972.** Ngo-1970 izithombe zengadi yasetiye laseHaiqing namasampula etiye aboniswa eBeijing; ekupheleni kuka-1972 itiye lase litshalwa emkhandlwini oyi-16 nasemizaneni engama-74 yesifunda, izinsimu eziyi-1400 *mu*, iningi lazo liseHaiqing.
    * **1980s–1990s.** Ngemva kokushintshela ezabelweni zomndeni (1982) nokuqedwa kokuthengwa kukahulumeni, izinsimu zehla kakhulu; kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, lapho isifundazwe sesekela imboni, yalulama.
    * **Ukuvikelwa.** Igama lafakwa kurejista yemikhiqizo yezolimo enesiqondiso sendawo ngenombolo ye-AGI00278; unyaka wokubhaliswa awukutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Ngesimemezelo No. 646 sangoSepthemba 23, 2025, i-State Intellectual Property Office yaqaphela i-Jiaonan Lücha njengomkhiqizo onesiqondiso sendawo.
* **Igama:** "Jiaonan" (胶南) igama lesifunda sedolobha esiqediwe; "lücha" (绿茶) kusho "itiye eliluhlaza".
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Kulesifunda leli tiye liyinkumbulo ye-"南茶北引"; umbhalo ubiza itiye njengenye yezinsika zomnotho wezolimo wendawo, kanti insimu ka-1966 eduze komzana waseHouhe (后河村) ingenye yezinsimu ezindala kunazo zonke zetiye eShandong ezisaqhubeka.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe "izinhlobo ezinhle zakule ndawo, ezikhethwe futhi ezijwayeze indawo" (当地选育驯化的优良品种), kodwa azizibizi ngamagama. Izidingo zegama elingumakhelwane i-Haiqing Cha zibala izinhlobo zendawo ezingama-胶南春, 海青锋, 海北春 kanye ne-海青翡翠.
* **Ukuvuna:** Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-April noma ekuqaleni kuka-May; phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka ze-Bailu (白露) ne-Qiufen (秋分), okungukuthi ngoSepthemba, ukuvuna kuyamiswa bese insimu "iyavalwa".
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Izidingo zithi yini okufanele ishiywe esihlahleni: entwasahlobo kuqala iqabunga elithi 钱叶, kamuva iqabunga elilodwa, ehlobo nasemwindla iqabunga "lenhlanzi" (鱼叶); amaqabunga amabili angenalo ihlumela (对夹叶) asuswa ngokuphelele. Kuvunwa kaningi, ngamaqoqo.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba ezisogwini eningizimu yeQingdao; izinsimu zihamba emigqashukeni yezintaba iZhushan, iTieshan neCangmashan.
* **Indawo:** Amagquma anelanga ahelezele, avikelekile emoyeni, anokutsheka okungaphezu kuka-25 °, anomthombo wamanzi; amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile ngaphezu kuka-100 cm.
* **Umhlabathi:** Umhlabathi ovundile one-acidic noma o-acidic kancane oyisihlabathi, i-pH 4.5–6.5; ukujula kuka-80–100 cm noma ngaphezulu, ungqimba ophilayo okungenani ngu-40 cm.
* **Ukuphakama nesimo sezulu:** Imininingwane enezinombolo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukutshala:** Umhlabathi ugujwa ngaphezu kuka-80 cm. Izithombo ezisikwe zitshalwa entwasahlobo ngemigqa emibili emigudwini eshone phansi (凹田双行密植): imigwaqo phakathi kwemigqa ingu-120 no-30 cm, phakathi kwezimbobo kungu-20–30 cm, okucishe kube izitshalo ezingu-6000 nge-*mu* ngayinye.
* **Ukunakekela:** Umanyolo oyinhloko yimvelo; umanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium ungu-30–50 kg nge-*mu*. Ukuthenwa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka ze-Chunfen ne-Qingming: kusikwa amahlumela ekwindla kanye nengxenye yamahlumela ehlobo ngo-3–5 cm.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikela azichazi ngisho nenyathelo elilodwa lokucubungula. Ukulandelana okuvamile kwetiye eliluhlaza:

1.  **Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yalolu hlobo, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Jiaonan Lücha.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezinzwa:**

Incazelo inikezwe ngokwezidingo zokuvikela zango-2025; kubakaki yimisho yomthombo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Amahlumela namaqabunga makhulu, ipuleti liwugqinsi (芽叶肥壮，叶片厚); ngokuma itiye likhudlwana futhi lisinda kunelaseNingizimu (外形较南茶硕壮重实); umbala uluhlaza omnyama, ucwebezele ngamafutha (墨绿油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomuthi wokuphunga:** Linjenge-castnut, ligcwele, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (栗香浓郁高长). Izidingo aziqheleli iphunga leqabunga nephunga lomuthi.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumasha, kuthambile, kuyavuselela (鲜醇爽口).
* **Umbala womuthi wokuphunga:** Uphuzi oluhlaza, ugqame kakhulu kunamatiye aseningizimu (黄绿较南茶明亮).
* **Amaqabunga aphuziwe (isitsha setiye):** Aphuzi ngokuhlaza, ayalingana, agqamile (黄绿匀亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zinikeza amabhulokhi amabili ezinombolo.

| Isibonisi | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | okungenani 6.0 % |
| Imvuthuluka | okungenani 4.0 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | okungenani 6.0 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo | okungenani 37.0 % |
| I-fiber eluhlaza | okungenani 16.0 % |
| I-Selenium | okungenani 25 mg/kg |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | okungenani 3.0 % |

Ibhulokhi lesibili libizwa ngokuthi "izinto ezikhethekile": ama-polyphenol 13.2–26.8 %, ama-catechin 6.2–13.4 %, ama-amino acid 2–4.8 %, i-caffeine 1325–1902 mg/kg, ama-flavonoid 7.3–11.8 %, izinto ezikhiphekayo 42.6–53.5 %, ushukela oncibilikayo 0.72–1.28 %.

Kulezi zinombolo kudingeka ukuqaphela, futhi izizathu zibonakala embhalweni ngokwawo:

* I-caffeine engu-1325–1902 mg/kg ilingana no-0.13–0.19 %, kanti ezidingweni zamanye amatiye esimemezelo esifanayo i-caffeine ibalwa ngamaphesenti. Angikwenqabi ukuthi amayunithi anephutha.
* Umkhawulo wama-amino acid (okungenani 3.0 %) kanye nobubanzi "bezinto ezikhethekile" (kusukela ku-2%) kuyaphikisana.
* Umkhawulo we-selenium ka-25 mg/kg uphakeme kakhulu: ngokuqhathanisa, e-Enshi Xicha, itiye eline-selenium egameni laso, okuqukethwe okuphakathi kubikwa cishe ku-0.21 mg/kg.
* Ibhulokhi lonke "lezinto ezikhethekile" liphindwa igama negama ezidingweni zomunye umkhiqizo wesimemezelo esifanayo, i-[崇庆枇杷茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/chongqing-pipa-cha) yaseSichuan.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

Inkambiso yalolu hlobo lwetiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Ubuningi betiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma ingilazi.
* **Inqubo:** Shisisa izitsha, thela amanzi eceleni kodonga, umthamo wokuqala ube imizuzwana engu-40–60, bese kulandela okunye ukuthelwa okubili noma okuthathu, kushiye ingxenye yomuthi wokuphunga.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Inkambiso yalolu hlobo. Ephepheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Namanga:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emangeni:**
    * Funay uphawu olukhethekile lwesiqondiso sendawo nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni saseHuangdao, endaweni yangaphambili yaseJiaonan.
    * Ungadidanisi ne-Haiqing Cha ([海青茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/haiqing-cha)): igama elihlukile lesimemezelo esifanayo nendawo encane, imizana engu-43 yedolobhana laseHaiqing ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Jiaonan Lücha.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Indawo yokuvikelwa iboshwe emigqashukeni emithathu yezintaba, hhayi kuphela emingceleni yamadolobhana.
* Iqoqo lokuqala letiye lendawo lenziwa ngo-1969, eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokutshalwa okukhulu.
* Igama lesifunda sedolobha esiqediwe liyaphila esiqondisweni sendawo, kanti ngaphakathi kwendawo yalo kukhona elinye futhi, i-Haiqing Cha.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye AseShandong:**

* **I-Laoshan Lü Cha ([崂山绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laoshan-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseLaoshan eQingdao, elisuka entabeni iLaoshan.
* **I-Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rizhao-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lomkhandlu wedolobha laseRizhao, nalo olwakhula kwi-"南茶北引".
* **I-Haiqing Cha (海青茶):** Igama ledolobhana laseHaiqing, elinemisho efanayo yokubukeka.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Jiaonan Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho, elineminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha: izihlahla zaseNingizimu zajwayela lapha ngemva kobusika bokulahleka nokukhethwa kwembewu ezimelana namakhaza. Izidingo ziyichaza ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngokuqhathanisa nenkundla yaseNingizimu: iqabunga likhudlwana futhi lisinda, umuthi wokuphunga ugqamile, iphunga lephunga linjenge-castnut. Izinombolo zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali embhalweni zidinga ukuqaphela, kanti indawo emigqashukeni emithathu igcina igama lesifunda esingasekho.