---
title: "I-Jiaogulan"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiaogulan
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-31
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Jiaogulan (绞股蓝, jiǎogǔlán)

I-Jiaogulan (绞股蓝, *jiǎogǔlán*), ngokwesayensi yezitshalo i-Gynostemma pentaphyllum, iwumvini ongathi sína we-herbaceous womndeni wamathanga, okuvame ukwenziwa ngamaqabunga namahlumela asemancane e-China umhluzi omuncu-kamandi onombala we-amber-oluhlaza. Nakuba ekukhulumeni kwansuku zonke — kokubili kwesi-Russian nesi-Chinese — lesi siphuzo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "itiye," akulona itiye ngomqondo wesayensi yezitshalo: akukho qabunga lesihlahla setiye i-Camellia sinensis empahleni eluhlaza, ngakho-ke ohlelweni lwesi-Chinese lokuhlukanisa iziphuzo luhamba njengokuthi esikhundleni setiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*), okungukuthi umhluzi wezitshalo. Isifunda esiyinhloko sempahla eluhlaza etshaliwe yezohwebo iyisifunda sase-Pingli (平利, *Pínglì*) esifundazweni sase-Shaanxi, kanye nezifunda zezintaba zase-Yunnan nase-Guangxi. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, i-jiaogulan iphuzwa njengesiphuzo esiqabulayo "nesilula" sansuku zonke, futhi ngenxa yama-saponin ayo avelele, lesi sitshalo sathola igama lesidlaliso elithi "i-ginseng yaseningizimu" (南方人参, *nánfāng rénshēn*). Umhluzi waziwa ngokumunyu okuncane, okusheshe kuvele ubumnandi obubuyayo obucacile (回甘, *huígān*).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** esikhundleni setiye, umhluzi wezitshalo (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*); ngokwesayensi yezitshalo — akulona itiye
* **Igama lesayensi yezitshalo:** I-Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
* **Umndeni:** amathanga (Cucurbitaceae)
* **Impahla eluhlaza:** amaqabunga namahlumela amancane omvini (hhayi iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis)
* **Amagama esi-Chinese:** 绞股蓝 (*jiǎogǔlán*); amagama endawo nawesifunda — 七叶胆 (*qīyèdǎn*), 五叶参 (*wǔyèshēn*); e-Japan lesi sitshalo saziwa ngokuthi i-amachazuru (甘茶蔓)
* **Izifunda eziyinhloko:** I-Pingli (平利, *Pínglì*) e-Shaanxi (陕西, *Shǎnxī*); I-Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*); I-Guangxi (广西, *Guǎngxī*)

Kubalulekile ukusho ngokusobala: i-jiaogulan ayinalo iqabunga letiye. Ingena ohlotsheni oluzimele lweziphuzo ze-herbal zesi-Chinese — 代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*), "amatiye angokwenziwa," aphakwa futhi aphuzwe ngendlela yetiye, kodwa atholakala kwezinye izitshalo. Lesi simo asenzi i-jiaogulan ibe "yinto engesiyona yangempela": inomlando wayo osekhulwini leminyaka wokusetshenziswa, i-terroir yayo, ubuchwepheshe bayo bokomisa, namasiko ayo okuphisa. Igama lesidlaliso elithi "i-ginseng yaseningizimu" likhombisa kuphela ukuthi kulesi sitshalo kutholakale ama-saponin ahlobene nalawo e-ginseng, futhi akulona uphawu lwezokwelapha.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Ukukhulunywa kokuqala:** incwadi ethi "I-Herbdy Ehlenga Endlaleni" (救荒本草, *Jiùhuāng Běncǎo*), eyahlanganiswa yiNkosana u-Zhu Su (朱橚, *Zhū Sù*) futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1406
* **Indima yokuqala:** isitshalo esidliwayo sasendle "sonyaka wendlala"
* **Inshisekelo entsha:** ingxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwama-saponin

Ku-herbdy ye-Ming 救荒本草 isitshalo sichazwa ngokuyinhloko njengokudliwayo, okulungele ukudliwa eminyakeni lapho kunendlala — okusho ukuthi ekuqaleni i-jiaogulan yayithathwa njengemifino eyindalo, hhayi njengomuthi. Inshisekelo eqhubekayo kuso njengesiphuzo yavela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kuya ko-1980, lapho abacwaningi base-Japan, bese kuba abase-China, behlukanisa ama-triterpene saponin (ama-gypenoside) emaqabungeni futhi bathola ukuthi amanye awo ngokwakheka ayafana nama-ginsenoside e-ginseng yangempela. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sathola igama lesidlaliso elithi "i-ginseng yaseningizimu," futhi e-China kwaqalwa ukutshalwa kwezimboni nokukhiqizwa kwesiphuzo esipakishwe ngaphakathi (保健茶, *bǎojiàn chá* — "itiye lenhlalakahle" ngomqondo wansuku zonke).

**3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Isimo sempilo:** umvini okhuphukayo we-herbaceous onezivimbelo
* **Amaqabunga:** amaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngesandla, ngokuvamile anamacembe amancane angu-5 (aqabukeli angu-3, 7, noma 9); igama lesilwane elithi pentaphyllum lisho "onamaqabunga amahlanu"
* **Izimbali:** ezincane, eziluhlaza-mhlophe; isitshalo sihlukene ngobulili
* **Izithelo:** amajikijolo amancane ayindilinga amnyama
* **Impahla eluhlaza, ibanga 1:** 龙须 (*lóngxū*, "izintshebe zikadrako") — izihloko ezincane kakhulu zamahlumela anezivimbelo namaqabunga angakavuleki
* **Impahla eluhlaza, ibanga 2:** iqabunga elivamile — izingcwecwe zamaqabunga avuthiwe ezivela emahlumeleni

Impahla eluhlaza yezohwebo ivamise ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. "Izintshebe zikadrako" (龙须, *lóngxū*) — izihloko ezincane ezithambile ezinezivimbelo, okuyisilinganiso esiyigugu kakhulu nesibizayo: umhluzi ovela kuzo umnene, umnandi futhi awunawo wona umunyu omahhadlahhadla. Iqabunga elivamile likhipha umhluzi ominyene, ogcwele futhi omunyu kakhudlwana; lishibhile futhi lifakwa ekupakisheni okuningi. Kokubili ukunambitheka nentengo kuncike ngokuqondile engxenyeni yehlumela elisencane exubeni.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda esiyindinganiso:** isifunda sase-Pingli (平利, *Pínglì*) esifundeni sedolobha sase-Ankang (安康, *Ānkāng*), esifundazweni sase-Shaanxi — izintaba ezingaphansi kwe-Daba Mountains (大巴山, *Dàbā Shān*)
* **Ezinye izifunda:** izintaba zase-Yunnan nase-Guangxi, lapho umvini uvela khona nasendle
* **Izimo:** isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, ukukhanya okusakazekile kanye nomthunzi oyingxenye, inhlabathi exegayo nekhipha amanzi
* **Indlela yokuthola:** empahleni eluhlaza etshaliwe (amasimu) kanye nasendle

I-Pingli itholakala eningizimu ye-Shaanxi, ebhandeni le-subtropical lezintaba ezingaphansi kwe-Daba Mountains enesimo sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama kanye nenkungu evamile — izimo ezinjalo zilungele ukunqwabelana kwama-saponin. Lesi sifunda sizibeka njenge "lizwe le-jiaogulan" (绞股蓝之乡, *jiǎogǔlán zhī xiāng*) futhi siyisikhungo sokukhethwa kwezinhlobo kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemboni. E-Yunnan nase-Guangxi, kokubili ukutshala kwamasiko kanye nezindawo zasendle zisabalele; lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile sitholakala kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezifudumele zaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

* **Ukuvuna:** amahlumela amancane namacembe ngesizini efudumele
* **Ukubuna:** 摊晾 (*tānliàng*) — ukunaba nokomisa kancane impahla eluhlaza
* **Ukuqinisa uhlaza:** 杀青 (*shāqīng*) — ukushisa ukuze kumiswe ama-enzyme
* **Ukusonteka:** 揉捻 (*róuniǎn*) — ukubumba iqabunga nokukhipha amajusi
* **Ukomisa:** kuze kube umswakama ophansi ozinzile

Ukugaywa kabusha okuvame kakhulu kwe-jiaogulan kusondelene nobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni itiye eliluhlaza: impahla eluhlaza iyabunwa, "ibulawe uhlaza" ngokushisa (杀青), iyasontwa (揉捻) bese yomiswa. Ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwama-enzyme, iqabunga ligcina umbala walo oluhlaza futhi alifakwa i-oxidized, kanti ukusonteka kulenza libe nesimo esijikayo futhi lenze umhluzi ube ne-extractive kakhudlwana. Ingxenye yomkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi owenziwe ngesandla) imane nje yomiswe emthunzini ngaphandle kokusontwa — iqabunga elinjalo likhanya futhi likhipha umhluzi onjenge-herbaceous kakhudlwana. "Izintshebe zikadrako" (龙须) ziyahlukaniswa ngokuhlukile — zivunwa futhi zomiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kulondolozwe ubumnene nobumnandi.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

* **Ukubukeka kwangaphandle:** amaqabunga aluhlaza okumnyama asonteke kanye nezihloko ezincane-ezivimbelo
* **Iphunga lempahla eluhlaza eyomile:** i-herbaceous-leguminous, enothi elincane elimnandi
* **Ukunambitheka:** kuqala umunyu obonakalayo, bese kuba ubumnandi obubuyayo obuhlanzekile (回甘)
* **Umhluzi:** ukusuka koluhlaza okuphaphathekile kuya koluhlaza-kwegolide, okusobala

Isici esiyinhloko se-jiaogulan wukungqubuzana komunyu nomnandi. Ukuphuza kokuqala kunomunyu obonakalayo, kodwa umunyu udlula ngokushesha, ushiya ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘, *huígān*), okuyikho okwenza lesi siphuzo sithandwe. "Ezintshebeni zikadrako" ibhalansi ithambekele ebuswidi, eqabungeni elimahhadlahhadla — emunyuweni. Ukushiya impahla eluhlaza emanzini abilayo isikhathi eside kukhulisa umunyu, ngakho-ke ubumnandi bulawulwa ngesikhathi sokugxilisa.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-Saponin (ama-gypenoside):** ama-triterpene saponin ohlobo lwe-dammarane (绞股蓝皂苷, *jiǎogǔlán zàogān*); ingxenye yawo ifana ngokwesakhiwo nama-ginsenoside e-ginseng
* **Ama-Flavonoid:** isibonelo, i-rutin nezinye izinto ezihlobene
* **Ama-Polysaccharide**
* **Okunye:** ama-amino acid, amavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelement

"Umaka" oyinhloko wamakhemikhali wesitshalo ngama-gypenoside, inhlanganisela ye-triterpene saponin; ukufana kwazo ngokwesakhiwo nama-ginsenoside okuyikho okwanikeza isizathu sokuqhathaniswa ne-ginseng. Ngaphandle kwama-saponin, amaqabunga aqukethe ama-flavonoid, ama-polysaccharide, ama-amino acid akhululekile kanye nezinto zamaminerali. Ukwakheka okuqondile kanye nengxenye yama-saponin kuncike ohlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni zamakhemikhali esitshalo, isifunda esikhulele kuso kanye nengxenye yehlumela: ngokuvamile izihloko ezithambile namaqabunga anothe ngezigaba eziyigugu kunengxenye eziphenduke izinkuni.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

* **Njengoba kuvame ukucatshangwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke:** e-China i-jiaogulan iphuzwa njengesiphuzo esiqinisa umzimba wonke, "esinika amandla" nesibukabulayo sansuku zonke; isiko lesintu liyisondeza ne-ginseng
* **Lokho isayensi ekufundayo:** ama-gypenoside kanye nezinto ezikhishwe ku-gynostemma kuyacwaningwa emisebenzini yaselabhorethri neyomtholampilo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umhluzi wansuku zonke unemiphumela yokwelapha eqinisekisiwe futhi engagwegwesi
* **Isimo:** umkhiqizo wokudla (isiphuzo), hhayi umuthi

Kubalulekile ukusho ngokusobala: i-jiaogulan iyisiphuzo sokudla, futhi asikho isithembiso sokwelapha okumele sinikezwe. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo siqukethe ama-saponin afana ne-ginseng ngokwako akwenzi umhluzi ube umuthi, futhi izimangalo zezempilo ezithengiswayo zingaphandle kobubanzi be-athikili ye-encyclopedia. Phakathi kwezexwayiso ezaziwa umphakathi okufanele zishiwo ngokungathathi hlangothi yilezi: ukulinganisela enanini; ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa (imininingwane ayanele); futhi naka kulabo abaphuza imithi njalo — ezimweni ezinjalo kufanele ukuxoxa ngokusetshenziswa nodokotela. Lokhu wukubalwa kwezexwayiso, hhayi isincomo futhi akulona umthamo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

* **Isilinganiso:** cishe ama-3-5 g empahla eluhlaza eyomile ku-300-500 ml wamanzi (okwe "zintshebe zikadrako" — kusondele emkhawulweni ophansi)
* **Izinga lokushisa:** 85-95 °C; iqabunga elimahhadlahhadla libekezelela namanzi asondele ekubileni, izihloko ezithambile kungcono ukuthelwa ngamanzi asepholile kancane
* **Izitsha:** ingilazi noma i-teapot engilazi, i-gaiwan, i-thermos
* **Isikhathi:** umhluzi wokuqala imizuzu engu-1-3, ngemva kwalokho ngokunambitha
* **Ukuthelwa kabusha:** umelana nokuphisa izikhathi eziningana; impahla eluhlaza enamandla emunyu kungcono ukuyiphisa isikhashana futhi kaningi
* **Ukuphakwa okubandayo:** ukuphisa okubandayo kungenzeka (amahora ambalwa emanzini abandayo) — umhluzi uphuma umnene futhi umnandi, cishe ngaphandle komunyu

Empeleni, kulula ukuphisa i-jiaogulan ngqo engilazini noma ku-thermos: isandla esigcwele sempahla eluhlaza sithelwa ngamanzi ashisayo futhi siyanceliswa njengoba incipha. Ukwenza umunyu uthambe, sebenzisa amanzi angashisi kakhulu nesikhathi esifushane sokuthintana noma ushintshele ekuphiseni okubandayo. Ehlobo, ukuphakwa okupholile kuyathandwa: umhluzi we "zintshebe zikadrako," ogxiliswe emanzini abandayo futhi wapholiswa, uba mnandi futhi uqabulayo.

**10. Ukugcina:**

* **Izimo:** indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama, kude namaphunga angaphandle
* **Isitsha:** ukupakisha okuvaleke kahle, okungangenwa ukukhanya
* **Izitha zempahla eluhlaza:** umswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amaphunga angajwayelekile

Iqabunga elomile le-jiaogulan limunca umswakama kalula futhi limunca kalula umswakama namaphunga, ngakho-ke ligcinwa esitsheni esivalekayo. Lapho libamanzi, impahla eluhlaza ilahlekelwa iphunga, umbala oluhlaza futhi iba namathoni abuthuntu. Njengeziningi zezixube ze-herbal ezomile, i-jiaogulan ingcono ukuyisebenzisa isesha — ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iphunga nobumnandi besici bokunambitheka kwangemva kuyancipha.

**11. Intengo Nokomgunyathi:**

* **Inkomba yenani eliphelele:** iqabunga elivamile — cishe ama-80 ¥/kg (inani liyinkomba, lincike esivunweni nasebangeni)
* **Ibanga le-premium:** "izintshebe zikadrako" (龙须) zibiza kakhulu kuneqabunga elivamile
* **Ukuthi ibukeka kanjani impahla eluhlaza yangempela:** amaqabunga aluhlaza okumnyama asonteke ngokulinganayo kanye nezihloko, iphunga elihlanzekile le-herbaceous-mnandi, ekunambithekeni — umunyu oshintsha ube ubumnandi ekunambithekeni kwangemva
* **Ukufakwa okuvamile esikhundleni:** ukuthengiswa kweqabunga elimahhadlahhadla ngaphansi kwegama "lezintshebe zikadrako"; ukuxutshwa kwamanye amaqabunga ashibhile angaphandle; ukwethula impahla eluhlaza enemvelaphi ehlukile njengeyase-Pingli

Umehluko phakathi kwamabanga uyisizinda esiyinhloko sezindleko ezengeziwe namaqhinga: "izintshebe zikadrako" zangempela zakhiwe ngezihloko ezincane ezi-uniform, kanti ngaphansi kwaleli gama kuvame ukuthengiswa ingxube eneqabunga elimahhadlahhadla. Okumele kukuxwaye yizicucu zezitshalo ezingaphandle, iphunga elinjengomhlabathi noma elibuthuntu, kanye nokuntuleka ngokuphelele kokuguquguquka komunyu-mnandi okujwayelekile ekunambithekeni. Inkomba enikeziwe (cishe ama-80 ¥/kg ngeqabunga elivamile) kufanele iqondakale njengezinga lenani ezingeni eliphelele, hhayi njengesithembiso senani lokuthengisa.

**12. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo:**

* Igama lesilwane elithi pentaphyllum ("onamaqabunga amahlanu") likhombisa iqabunga elijwayelekile elinamacembe amancane amahlanu, nakuba engaba kusuka kwamathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye.
* Isifunda sase-Pingli e-Shaanxi ngokusemthethweni sibekwa njenge "lizwe le-jiaogulan" (绞股蓝之乡).
* Esikweni lesi-Japanese, lesi sitshalo saziwa ngokuthi i-amachazuru (甘茶蔓, "umvini wetiye elimnandi"), futhi kungokutadisha ama-saponin aso ngeminyaka yawo-1970 lapho kwaqala khona kakhulu inshisekelo yesimanje kuleli siko.
* Igama lesidlaliso elithi "i-ginseng yaseningizimu" (南方人参) ngelesintu futhi likhombisa kuphela ukuhlobana kwama-saponin, hhayi ukulingana ne-ginseng.
* Elinye lamagama amadala esi-Chinese, 七叶胆 (*qīyèdǎn*, "inyongo yamaqabunga ayisikhombisa"), likhomba ngokuqondile umunyu ekunambithekeni.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Jiaogulan ingummeleli obonakalayo wohlobo lwesi-Chinese lwe-代用茶 (*dàiyòng chá*): isiphuzo esiphakwa futhi siphuzwe ngendlela yetiye, kodwa ngokwesayensi yezitshalo akulona itiye, ngoba alinalo iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis. Ngemuva kwayo kunomkhuba wayo — kusukela ekukhulunyweni kwayo ku-herbdy we-Ming "wonyaka wendlala" kuya emasimini anamuhla ase-Pingli, — ubuchwepheshe bayo, obusondelene nalobo betiye eliluhlaza, kanye nophrofayili wokunambitheka owaziwayo onomunyu nobumnandi obubuyayo obude.

Kufanele ithathwe hhayi "njengokungena esikhundleni" setiye, kodwa njengomhluzi we-herbal ozimele onendawo ecacile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla eluhlaza — kusukela "ezintshebeni zikadrako" ezithambile kuya eqabungeni elivamile. Igama lesidlaliso lesintu elithi "i-ginseng yaseningizimu" kanye nokunakwa kwesayensi kuma-gypenoside kwengeza udumo esitshalweni, kodwa akuguquli isiphuzo sansuku zonke sibe umuthi — futhi kungalesi simo, njengomhluzi ozolile omunyu-mnandi wansuku zonke, lapho i-jiaogulan ithatha indawo yayo emasikweni ase-China ansuku zonke.