---
title: "Jiàn'ōu shuǐxiān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/jian-ou-shuixian-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Jiàn'ōu shuǐxiān chá (建瓯水仙茶)

**IJian'ou Shuixian Cha** (*Jiàn'ōu shuǐxiān chá*, 建瓯[水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)茶) iwulong yohlobo lwe-shuixian lwesifunda sasedolobheni iJian'ou (建瓯市) esifundeni saseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian. I-shuixian yasenyakatho yeFujian ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: eWuyishan, eJianyang, neJian'ou, kanti eyaseJian'ou yona ihlukaniswe kabili ibe yiBeiyuan, iNanlu, neGaoshan. Kusukela ngo-2019 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, olubhalwe kumkhiqizo othi «水仙茶». Incwadi yezomlando iyichaza njengetiye elivutshelwe ingxenye enamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza okotshani ansundu anamafutha, iphunga le-orchid kanye noketshezi olusobala oluphuzi ngokusawolintshi. IJian'ou ingumhlinzeki omkhulu wezinto zokusetshenziswa zewulong, futhi, ngokusho kwabaphathi bendawo, itiye layo eliphelele libiza kancane kakhulu kunelaseWuyishan.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Iwulong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*). Umkhiqizo wophawu ubhalwe ngokuthi «水仙茶»; incwadi yezomlando ibeka leli tiye ngaphansi kwewulong (乌龙茶类) kanye namatiye avutshelwe ingxenye. Ngohlobo olufanayo eJian'ou kwenziwa netiye elimhlophe iShuixian Bai ([水仙白](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shuixian-bai)), kodwa lokho kungumkhiqizo ohlukile.
* **Isigaba:** Iwulong yasenyakatho yeFujian (闽北, *Mǐnběi*) yohlobo lwe-shuixian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2019).
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), isifunda sasedolobheni iNanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), isifunda sasedolobheni iJian'ou (建瓯, *Jiàn'ōu*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza iJian'ou njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu: iNhlangano Yokuthuthukisa Imikhiqizo Ekhethekile yaseJian'ou (建瓯市特色产品发展研究会). Umngcele womthetho wendawo angikawuboni.
* **Uhlobo lokuvikelwa:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-CNIPA № 30317804, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo: 水仙茶; lubhaliswe ngomhla ka-14 Septhemba 2019. Ohlwini lwangomhla ka-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
* **Izinga leqembu:** Ukusesha kuveza izinga leqembu T/JOTF 002—2021 «地理标志证明商标 建瓯水仙茶». Isizindalwazi samazinga sivalwe ukuhlolwa kwerobhothi, umbhalo angiwubonanga futhi izidingo zawo angizisho.
* **Ukuvikelwa kwendawo okuseduze:** Isifunda sonke simbozwe wuphawu lwendawo oluthi «[北苑贡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/beiyuan-gongcha)», olwaqashelwa yi-CNIPA ngo-2025; phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidingweni zalo kubhalwe i-shuixian ne-aijiao wulong. Lokhu ukubhaliswa okuhlukile komfakisicelo ohlukile.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwezidingo zophawu lwendawo oluthi «北苑贡茶», indawo yalo efana nesifunda, ngu-26°38′54″–27°20′26″ N, 117°58′45″–118°57′11″ E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ukutholakala kohlobo neJian'ou.** Ngokwe-«Umlando Wesifunda SaseJian'ou» (《建瓯县志》, 1929) njengoba ucashunwa yiphephandaba lesifunda saseJianyang (2017), i-shuixian «ivela entabeni yaseYancha eduze kwesigodi saseDahu esifundeni saseXiaohu», lapho eduze komhume waseZhutaoxian (祝桃仙洞) kwatholakala isihlahla esinephunga elimnandi esifana netiye, futhi satshalwa engadini. Leli phephandaba libhala ukuthi iDahu ngokomlando yayiyingxenye yezindawo ezingaphansi kweJian'ou namuhla, futhi olimini lwaseJian'ou igama lomhume elithi «祝仙» nelithi «水仙» lizwakala ngokufana. Njengamanje iDahu isesigodini saseXiaohu esifundeni saseJianyang; i-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) iqinisekisa ukuthi iXiaohu ngesinye isikhathi yayiphethwe yiJian'ou.
    * **Isikhathi.** Leli phephandaba liveza izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuqala kweminyaka yeDao Guang kanye neminyaka yeDao Guang jikelele; i-«Umlando Wesigodi SaseXiaohu» ithambekele kweyokuqala, okungukuthi ngeminyaka yawo-1820, iqhathanisa nomlando wesitolo setiye saseJian'ou uZhan Jinpu (詹金圃茶庄), esasitshala i-shuixian. I-Wikipedia yesiShayina icaphuna isichazamazwi sokupheka futhi ibhala ngokuhlukile: esifundeni saseJianyang naseJian'ou lesi sihlahla sasikhona eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule, futhi saqala ukutshalwa ngesikhathi sikaKangxi. Ukungafani angikuxazululanga.
    * **IBeiyuan.** IJian'ou iyiJianzhou yasendulo. Ngokombhalo wesizindalwazi seZwi LeSizwe LaseShayina (2024), ngo-933 izintaba zetiyue zaseBeiyuan zanikezwa umbuso wakwaMin njengengadi yasebukhosini, futhi kusukela ngo-977 inkantolo yaseSong yaziphatha ngokwayo izindawo zokomisa zalapha. Namuhla wonke amatiye esifunda athengiswa ngophawu olulodwa oluthi «北苑贡茶»; phakathi kwamatiye axutshiwe alolu phawu umsakazo ubiza i-shuixian yaseJian'ou kanye ne-Ai Jiao Wulong, i-meizhan, i-rougui, ne-Shuixian Bai.
    * **2019.** Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi oluthi «建瓯水仙茶» № 30317804, kamuva kunophawu lwesigodi oluthi «[南路水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanlu-shuixian)» (2018).
* **Igama:** «IJian'ou» (建瓯) yigama lesifunda; «shuixian» (水仙, *shuǐxiān*) igama lohlobo, ngokwezwi nezwi «inkosazana yamanzi», okuyindlela yesiShayina yokubiza i-narcissus; «cha» (茶) itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) ibala iJian'ou phakathi «kwezimbali ezinhlanu zegolide» ze-shuixian kanye neJianyang, iWuyishan, iZhangping, neYongchun, futhi ibhala ukuthi i-shuixian yaseJianyang neyaseJian'ou iqhubeka nomugqa wetiye lasebukhosini iBeiyuan.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo:** IShuixian (水仙), i-shuixian yaseFujian. Ngokwe-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) isihlahla esincane (小[乔木](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sineqabunga eliwugqinsi elinamanzi, elilungele kakhulu iwulong; i-triploid, isatshalwa ngezinqumo nangezigxobo, amagqabu aqala sekwephuzile. Ngo-1984 yaqashelwa njengohlobo lukahulumeni oluvelele oluthi «华茶9号» (GSCT9).
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda saseJianyang (2017), uhlobo luqhakaza sekwephuzile futhi ukukha kuvame ukuqala ngemva komkhosi weQingming. Izinsuku zophawu azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokukha:** Alitholakalanga kuphawu. Izinga likazwelonke lewulong ye-shuixian GB/T 30357.4—2015 libiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ngeqabunga, igqabu «elimile» (驻芽) kanye namagatsha athambile ohlobo: lokho kuyisidingo sesigaba.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INyakatho yeFujian, isifunda saseNanping, umfula iJianxi.
* **Ubukhulu:** Ngokombhalo womsakazo (2024), esifundeni kunama-mu ayi-141 000 ezinsimu zetiye; cishe u-80% wetiye eliluhlaza uthengwa futhi ucutshungulwa yizinkampani zesigodi saseXiaoqiao: ngaphezu kwama-7 000 t ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi eChaozhou, eShantou, eShenzhen, eYunxiao, eZhao'an, naseZhangpu. Ukuthi kungakanani kwalokhu okungu-shuixian, umthombo awusho.
* **Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu:** Imininingwane yendawo yophawu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubucwepheshe ngokombhalo wophawu angikabuboni. Izinga likazwelonke GB/T 30357.4—2015 libeka le ndlela elandelayo kuwulong ye-shuixian:

1.  **Ukomiswa okulinganiselwe (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Ukunyakazisa noku-oxidation (做青, *zuòqīng*).**
3.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Ukomisa (烘干, *hōnggān*).**

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo ye-shuixian yaseJian'ou; indlela yokugazinga imithombo ayiyisho.

**6. Izici Zokunambitheka:**

Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yokubukeka angiwubonanga. Incwadi yezomlando ichaza i-shuixian yaseJian'ou kanje: iqabunga likhulu futhi liginile, luhlaza okotshani nsundu, linamafutha; uketshezi luphuzi ngokusawolintshi, lusobala futhi lukhanya; iphunga liwuhlobo lwe-orchid; ukunambitheka kugcwele, nobumnandi obubuyayo (外形肥壮绿褐油润，汤色橙黄透亮，具有兰花[香型](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiangxing)，滋味醇厚回甘). I-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) ichaza ngokufanayo sonke isikole «sobumnandi basekhaya» (本味系), lapho ihlanganisa khona namagatsha aseJian'ou: iphunga le-orchid elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okugcwele, okuthambile nokunoshukela.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Likhulu futhi liginile, luhlaza okotshani nsundu, linamafutha (肥壮绿褐油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga loketshezi:** Uhlobo lwe-orchid (兰花香型); iphephandaba likhuluma ngephunga le-orchid elihlanzekile (清雅的兰香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, nobumnandi obubuyayo (醇厚回甘); ngokwephephandaba kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kunoshukela (绵柔甜润).
* **Umbala woketshezi:** Uphuzi ngokusawolintshi, lusobala futhi lukhanya (橙黄透亮).
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elidliwayo):** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele. Ezingeni eliphezulu le-shuixian esongiwe, izinga GB/T 30357.4—2015 lifuna iqabunga eliwugqinsi, elithambile, elicwebezelayo (肥厚软亮): lokho kuyisidingo sayo yonke iwulong yalolu hlobo, hhayi uphawu.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical yomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba wewulong yohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 7–8 g nge-gaiwan eyi-110 ml.
* **Isitsha:** IGaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha bese ugeza iqabunga kafushane.
    2. Ukuphisa kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-15–30.
    3. Ngokuphisa ngakunye engeza isikhathi.
    4. Ukuphisa kahlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Vala ngokuqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo ze-shuixian yaseJian'ou ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokombhalo womsakazo (2024), abaphathi besigodi saseXiaoqiao bathi itiye eliphelele laseJian'ou liyathengeka futhi libiza kancane kakhulu kunelaseWuyishan, futhi bakuchaza umehluko ngokuthi abantu abazi okuncane ngekhwalithi yalo.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Funani uphawu oluthi «建瓯水仙茶» № 30317804 kanye nomkhiqizi waseJian'ou.
    * Khumbulani ukuthi i-shuixian yigama lohlobo olutshalwa kulo lonke elaseFujian; indawo iqinisekiswa uphawu kuphela.
    * Ungadidanisi uphawu lwesifunda sonke nophawu lwesigodi oluthi «南路水仙» № 20516889: lawa ngamaphawu ahlukene abanikazi abahlukene.
    * Buza isigaba: eJian'ou nge-shuixian kwenziwa netiye elimhlophe.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Iphephandaba lesifunda saseJianyang, lapho likhuluma ngokutholakala kohlobo endaweni yalo, licaphuna umlando wesifunda esingumakhelwane iJian'ou.
* Ngaphakathi kwesifunda esisodwa i-shuixian inamaphawu amabili: elesifunda sonke lango-2019 nelesigodi elithi «南路水仙» lango-2018.
* Cishe u-80% wetiye eliluhlaza lwesifunda, ngokwemininingwane yomsakazo, ludlula ezinkampanini zesigodi esisodwa: iXiaoqiao.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ohlobo lwe-shuixian:**

* **INanlu Shuixian (南路水仙):** Igatsha eliseningizimu le-shuixian yaseJian'ou elinophawu lwaso lwesigodi.
* **IXiaohu Shuixian ([小湖水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xiaohu-shuixian)) neJianyang Shuixian ([建阳水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jianyang-shuixian)):** Amaphawu esifunda esingumakhelwane iJianyang, lapho manje kukhona indawo okwatholakala kuyo uhlobo.
* **IWu Yi Yancha ([武夷岩茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuyi-yancha)):** I-shuixian yaseWuyishan itiye lamatshe eligxile ekugazingeni.
* **IZhangping Shuixian ([漳平水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhangping-shui-xian)):** Iwulong yaseningizimu yeFujian yohlobo olufanayo, ecindezelwe ngezikwele.
* **IShuixian Bai (水仙白):** Itiye elimhlophe lohlobo olufanayo, elenziwa nalo eJian'ou.
* **IAi Jiao Wulong ([矮脚乌龙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ai-jiao-wulong)):** Enye iwulong yaseJian'ou, yohlobo oluhlukile.
* **IBeiyuan Gongcha (北苑贡茶):** Uphawu lwendawo lwango-2025 lwetiye lesifunda sonke saseJian'ou lwezinhlobo ze-shuixian, i-aijiao wulong nezinye; igama lithathwe etiyeni lasebukhosini iBeiyuan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IJian'ou Shuixian Cha wuphawu lwesifunda sonke lwewulong yohlobo, okurekhodwa kwalo kokuqala kokutholakala kugcinwa umlando waseJian'ou. Incwadi yezomlando ichaza iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani nsundu elinamafutha, iphunga le-orchid, noketshezi oluphuzi ngokusawolintshi; umbhalo wophawu ongaqinisa le ncazelo angiwubonanga. Okunokwethenjelwa okunye: uphawu lwango-2019, umnikazi wasesifundeni, kanye nesifunda lapho kutshalwa khona izinto zokusetshenziswa zewulong kude nangale kwemikhawulo yaso.