---
title: "Huáng Guānyīn"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/huang-guanyin
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Huáng Guānyīn (黄观音)

IHuáng Guānyīn («iNkulunkulukazi Yomusa oNsundu») iwuhlobo lwesihlahla setiye oolong olukhelwe ngokukhetha okuhlangene, okuhlanganisa ubuhle obuvela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezaziwayo zaseFujian: iphunga eliqhakazile, elinezimbali le-Huángjīn Guì ([黄金桂](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huangjin-gui)) kanye nokugcwala nokunothe kwe-Tiě Guānyīn ([铁观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tie-guanyin)). Ikhuliswe ngeminyaka yawo-1990, yasheshe yaba ngenye yezinhlobo “ezintsha” ezinethemba kakhulu eFujian. Inani layo elikhethekile iwukuthi isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene: i-Huáng Guānyīn iphuma kahle ngendlela elula yase-Anxi (qīngxiāng) kanye nendlela emnyama yaseWuyishan (yán chá), okuyenza ibe yintandokazi yabakhiqizi abahlolayo.

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**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

- **Uhlobo:** Oolong (itiye elinefermented ingxenye). Izinga le-oxidation 25–50% — kusukela kwesikhanyayo kuya kwesimnyama, kuye ngendawo kanye nomkhiqizi.
- **Isigaba:** Izihlahla zetiye oolong ezikhethiwe zaseFujian. Igama elisemthethweni: **Mǐnchá №105** (闽茶105, Mǐnchá 105). Isetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ozimele, futhi njengempahla esetshenziswayo esisekelo sokuhlanganisa.
- **Imvelaphi:** Ikhuliswe e**Sikhungweni Setiye se-Academy Yasentshiswa YezoLimo yaseFujian** (福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所, Fújiàn Shěng Nóngyè Kēxuéyuàn Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ). Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo: **Huángjīn Guì (黄金桂, Huángjīn Guì)** × **Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音, Tiě Guānyīn)**. Yabhaliswa ngeminyaka yawo-1990.
- **Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza:**
  - **Isifunda sase-Ānxī (安溪, Ānxī):** Isitayela saseMǐnnán — ukusontwa okuyindilingakancane, ukugaywa okuncane, isimo esinezimbali.
  - **Izintaba zaseWǔyí Shān (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān):** Isitayela se-yán chá — ukusontwa ngobude, ukugaywa ngamalahle, ukunambitheka okumaminerali.
  - **Zhāngzhōu (漳州, Zhāngzhōu), Nánjìng (南靖, Nánjìng):** Izindlela zendawo.
- **Izikhombo zendawo:** cishe ~25° N, ~118° E (Ānxī); ~27°43' N, ~117°41' E (Wǔyí Shān).

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**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

- **Umlando:** I-Huáng Guānyīn ingumphumela wokuhlanganisa okuhlelekile phakathi kuka-1980 na-1990, lapho iSikhungo Setiye saseFujian sasihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinethemba ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezinevuno eliphezulu, ezimelana nezifo, futhi ezinamakha aqhamile. Ukuhlanganisa i-Huángjīn Guì (eyaziwa ngokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi nephunga elinamandla lezimbali) ne-Tiě Guānyīn (enambitheka ojulile, onamafutha kanye nobuqoqe obuyinkimbinkimbi) kwaveza uhlobo oluphuma phambili oluzuze okuhle kubo bobabili abazali. Lolu hlobo lwadlula ezivivinyweni zasensimini iminyaka eminingi futhi lwabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngenombolo ye-Mǐnchá №105. Ekhulwini lama-21, i-Huáng Guānyīn yaba ngenye yezinhlobo ezikhule ngokushesha kakhulu ngendawo yokutshala eFujian. Yaqala ukutshalwa ngenkuthalo e-Wǔyí Shān, lapho yangena khona ohlelweni lwe-yán chá futhi yathola ukuqashelwa emiqhudelwaneni yesifunda. I-Huáng Guānyīn yase-Wǔyí Shān ivamise ukunqoba esigabeni «izinhlobo eziqambiwe» (名枞, Míngcōng) ngenxa yephunga layo eliqhakazile.
- **Igama:**
  - «Huáng» (黄) — ophuzi, osagolide. Kubhekisela kumzali u-Huángjīn Guì («I-Cassia Yegolide»), kanye nalombala osagolide womgqomo.
  - «Guān Yīn» (观音) — UNkulunkulukazi Wesihe u-Guānyīn. Kubhekisela ku-Tiě Guānyīn («UNkulunkulukazi Wesihe Wensimbi»).
  - Igama lingubufakazi obuqondile bemvelaphi yokuhlanganisa: «igolide» livela ku-Huángjīn Guì + «Guānyīn» ivela ku-Tiě Guānyīn.
- **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umphakathi wetiye ubheka i-Huáng Guānyīn njenge-«tiye eliyibhuloho» phakathi kwamasiko amabili amakhulu: awaseMǐnnán (eningizimu yeFujian) kanye nawaseMǐnběi (eWuyishan). Ikhono layo «lokudlala» kuzo zombili izitayela liyenza ibe yithuluzi elibalulekile kubakhiqizi abahlolayo futhi ibe yinto yokunambitha ngokuqhathanisa.

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**3. Isichasiselo Sezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

- **Uhlobo lwesihlahla:** I-Huáng Guānyīn (黄观音, Mǐnchá №105) — *Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*. Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe: Huángjīn Guì × Tiě Guānyīn. Isihlahla esiphakathi ngobude, esinezimpande ezikhule kahle.
- **Amaqabunga:** Anosayizi omaphakathi, amise okweqanda eliyinqe, enesihloko esicijile. Amahlumela amancane nezihluma zinombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza (ifa lika-Huángjīn Guì). Iqhuzu leqabunga liminyene, linenyama, kodwa lincanyana kunalelo le-Tiě Guānyīn.
- **Amandla abalulekile alolu hlobo:**
  - **Ivuno eliphezulu:** Likhiqiza kakhulu kune-Tiě Guānyīn emsulwa.
  - **Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi:** Ifa lika-Huángjīn Guì — livuthwa izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-Tiě Guānyīn, okunikeza abalimi «iwindi» eliyigugu ngaphambi kwesizini eyinhloko.
  - **Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo:** Kuzivumelanisa kahle nezindawo ezihlukene — kusukela enhlabathini ebomvu yase-Ānxī kuya enhlabathini enamatshe yase-Wǔyí Shān.
  - **Iphunga elinamandla:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile (i-linalool, i-nerol, i-geraniol) — kugqamile kakhulu kunase-Tiě Guānyīn.
- **Izinga lokukha:** Isihluma + amaqabunga angaphezulu angu-2–3. Ukukhiwa kwentwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.

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**4. Indawo Yokutshala Nokutshalwa:**

### Ānxī (isitayela saseMǐnnán)
- **Ukuphakama:** 500–1000 m. Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi ye-laterite, i-pH 4.5–6.0.
- **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon, 16–21°C, imvula engu-1600–1800 mm ngonyaka, kuvame ukuba nenkungu.
- **Umphumela:** Iphrofayela lezimbali nezithelo, umzimba olula kuya ophakathi, ubumnandi obuqabulayo.

### Wǔyí Shān (isitayela se-yán chá)
- **Ukuphakama:** 300–700 m. I-sandstone ebomvu ye-quartz, izigodi eziphakathi kwamatshe (坑涧, kēngjiàn). Inhlabathi inothe ngama-oxide ensimbi ne-manganese.
- **Isimo sezulu:** ~18°C isilinganiso sonyaka, umswakama >80%, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile ngenxa yamadwala agqamile.
- **Umphumela:** Umnyombo wamaminerali (岩韵, Yán Yùn), amanothi amantongomane ne-caramel avela ekugayweni ngamalahle, umzimba ominyanisiwe.

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**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe buxhomeke esitayeleni sesifunda.

### Isitayela sase-Ānxī (清香型, qīngxiāng)
1. **Ukukha (采摘, cǎi zhāi):** Ngesandla. Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi — izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-Tiě Guānyīn.
2. **Ukubhinyika (萎凋, wěidiāo):** Emalangeni noma emthunzini, amahora angu-2–4.
3. **Ukugunquza (摇青, yáo qīng):** Imijikelezo engu-3–5 ngokuphumula. I-oxidation engu-25–35%.
4. **Ukuqinisa (杀青, shā qīng):** Ukugaya okuneshisa eliphezulu.
5. **Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn):** Ukusonta ngendwangu (包揉, bāoróu) — okuyindilingakancane, kufana ne-Tiě Guānyīn.
6. **Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān):** Okuncane, ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.

### Isitayela sase-Wǔyí Shān (岩茶, yán chá)
1–4 kuyafana, kodwa:
5. **Ukusonta:** Ukusonta ngobude — «izintambo ezincane» (uhlobo lwe-yán chá).
6. **Ukugaywa ngamalahle (焙火, bèi huǒ):** Okuphakathi kuya kokuqinile, ngamalahle e-longyǎn (龙眼). Imijikelezo engu-1–3 nezikhathi zokuphumula (回润, huí rùn).
7. **Ukuvuthwa okude (陈化):** Okungenani izinyanga ezingu-1–2 ukuze «kudambise umlilo» (退火, tuì huǒ).

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**6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokuzwa:**

### Isitayela sase-Ānxī
- **Iqabunga elomile:** Ama-semi-sphere aminyene, umbala oluhlaza okwesikhova kuya koluhlaza okotshani ngokombala ophuzi.
- **Iphunga:** Eliqhakazile, eliqhuma — i-orchid, i-osmanthus, i-gardenia. Izimbali ezinamandla kakhulu kune-Tiě Guānyīn; akusizi kakhulu kune-Huángjīn Guì emsulwa. Amanothi ezithelo (ipentshisi, i-litchi) kanye noju.
- **Indawo:** Kusagolide, kucacile, kubengezela.
- **Ukunambitheka:** Okugcwele, kumnandi okuncane, kunamafutha. Imanothi ezimbali nezithelo, ukuncwa okuncane. Isiphetho — eside, esinezimbali, nobumnandi obubuyayo.

### Isitayela sase-Wǔyí Shān
- **Iqabunga elomile:** Izintambo ezisontwe ngobude, umbala onsundu ngokumnyama onamanunsi abomvu.
- **Iphunga:** I-orchid ne-osmanthus ngemuva kwesisekelo samaminerali, amanothi amantongomane ne-caramel avela ekugayweni. Intuthu encane.
- **Indawo:** I-amber, igolide elibomvu.
- **Ukunambitheka:** Okuminyene, okunamafutha, okunesisekelo samaminerali (岩韵). Amantongomane, i-caramel, izimbali. Isiphetho — samaminerali, eside, nokuphola kwe-menthol.

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**7. Ukuhlangana Kwamakhemikhali:**

- **Ama-polyphenols (ama-catechin):** ~20–25% wesisindo esomile. I-EGCG iyisiphequluli esiyinhloko. Enguqulweni yase-Wǔyí Shān — ama-theaflavin amaningi ngenxa ye-oxidation ephezulu.
- **Ama-amino acid:** I-L-theanine. Okuqukethwe kuqhathaniswa noku kwe-Tiě Guānyīn — ubumnandi, u-umami, ukuphumula.
- **Ama-alkaloid:** I-caffeine ~2.5–3% (ephakathi).
- **Amafutha abalulekile:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — uphawu lwalolu hlobo lwesihlahla. I-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol (amanothi ezimbali); i-methyl salicylate (ukusha). Okuqukethwe kwezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi eziphaphalazayo kuphakeme kunase-Tiě Guānyīn — ifa lika-Huángjīn Guì.
- **Amavithamini:** C, iqembu B, E, K.
- **Amaminerali:** I-potasium, i-fluorine, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron (enguqulweni yase-Wǔyí Shān — okukhuphukile).

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**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

- **Ukuvikela ngama-antioxidant:** Ama-catechin + ama-theaflavin anqanda ama-radical amahhala.
- **Umphumela wokuqinisa nokuphumuza:** I-caffeine + i-L-theanine — amandla apholile.
- **Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya:** Ukushukumisa okuncane; inguqulo yase-Wǔyí Shān iyasiza ngemuva kokudla okunamafutha.
- **Ukusekela isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi:** Ama-polyphenols aqinisa imithambo, ehlisa i-LDL.
- **Umphumela we-aromatherapy:** Iphunga elinamandla lezimbali — umphumela wokudambisa oqinisekisiwe.
- **Umphumela wokufudumeza:** Inguqulo yase-Wǔyí Shān egayiwe ngamalahle — iyasiza ngesikhathi esibandayo.

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**9. Ukudidiyela:**

| Ipharamitha | Isitayela sase-Ānxī | Isitayela sase-Wǔyí Shān |
|-------------|----------------------|---------------------------|
| **Izinga lokushisa** | 85–90°C | 90–95°C |
| **Inani letiye** | 5–7 g / 150 ml | 5–7 g / 120 ml |
| **Okokuqala okugayiwe** | 30 umzuzwana – 1 umzuzu | 10–15 umzuzwana |
| **Inani lezikhathi zokugaya** | 5–7 | 6–8 |
| **Izitsha** | I-gaiwan (i-porcelain) | Ikamelo laseYixing noma i-gaiwan |

**Inqubo:** Ukufudumeza → ukugeza → ukugaya ngezikhathi, okwandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-10–15 ngesikhathi ngasinye.

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**10. Ukugcina:**

- **Isitayela sase-Ānxī (esilula):** Isitsha esivalekile, esiqandisini (indawo eyodwa). Izinyanga ezingu-6–12.
- **Isitayela sase-Wǔyí Shān (esigayiwe):** Isitsha esingafiphali esivalekile, indawo epholile emnyama. Izinyanga ezingu-12–24.
- Izitha: ukukhanya, umswakama, ukushisa, amakha angaphandle.

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**11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:**

I-Huáng Guānyīn ithengeka kakhulu kune-Tiě Guānyīn «emsulwa» yase-Ānxī noma ama-yán chá aqambiwe ase-Wǔyí Shān, ngenxa yevuno eliphezulu lalolu hlobo. Inguqulo yase-Wǔyí Shān ibiza kakhulu kunaleyo yase-Ānxī (imali eyengeziwe ngesimo «sasemaweni»).

**Indlela yokubona okukhohlisayo:**
- Amaqabunga aphelele, afanayo anombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza ovelayo (esitayeleni sase-Ānxī). Imvithibhithi, uthuli — kuyisignali ekhathazayo.
- Iphunga — eliqhakazile, lezimbali, «eliphumayo». Ngaphandle kwalo — umkhiqizo osolisayo.
- Indawo — ihlanzekile, icacile.
- Thenga kubathengisi abakhethekile.

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**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

- I-Huáng Guānyīn — «ingane yezinganekwane ezimbili»: igama layo lihlanganisa ngokoqobo i-Huángjīn Guì ne-Tiě Guānyīn, futhi ukunambitheka kwayo kuhamba nezici zabo ezinhle.
- Ikhodi esemthethweni — Mǐnchá №105 (闽茶105); ngenye yezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ezikhethiwe ezikhuliswe yiSikhungo Setiye saseFujian.
- Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla luvuthwa izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-Tiě Guānyīn — isici esibalulekile kubalimi, esivumela ukuba «bakhulule» isizini ephakeme.
- E-Wǔyí Shān, i-Huáng Guānyīn yasheshe yangena phakathi kwezintandokazi: iphunga layo eliqhakazile liyavela ngisho nalapho likhona phakathi kwama-[Ròu Guì](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rou-gui) aqinile ne-[Shuǐ Xiān](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian).
- Omunye wezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqhathanisa ukunambitha: uhlobo olufanayo olwenziwa ngesitayela sase-Ānxī nase-Wǔyí Shān — kubonisa ngokucacile umthelela wendawo yokutshala.

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**13. Ukuqhathanisa Nezinhlobo Zomzali:**

| Ipharamitha | Huáng Guānyīn (黄观音) | Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音) | Huángjīn Guì (黄金桂) |
|-------------|------------------------|----------------------|------------------------|
| **Iqabunga** | Eliphakathi, amahlumela aphuzi ngokuluhlaza | Elikhulu, eliwugqinsi, linenyama | Elincane, elincanyana, kusagolide |
| **Iphunga** | Iphunga lezimbali eliqhakazile (i-orchid, i-osmanthus) + ukujula | I-creamy-izimbali (i-orchid, i-lilac) | Iphunga lezimbali eliphumayo (i-cassia/cinnamon) |
| **Umzimba** | Ophakathi–ogcwele | Ogcwele, onamafutha | Olula |
| **Ukuvuthwa** | Kusenesikhathi (izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ngaphambi kwe-TGY) | Okuvamile | Kusenesikhathi kakhulu |
| **Ivuno** | Eliphezulu | Ephakathi | Eliphezulu |
| **Ukusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene** | Okuphezulu (isitayela sase-Ānxī + i-yán chá) | Isiphethu esibanzi sezitayela | Ngokuyinhloko isitayela esilula |

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**14. Okungenzeka Kube Izinkinga:**

- Ukungezwani komzimba ngamunye.
- Ukuqhuma kwe-gastritis, i-ulcer — hhayi ngesisu esingenalutho.
- Ukuzwela okuphezulu kwi-caffeine, ukuqwasha.
- Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa — ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe.

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**Ukuphetha:**

I-Huáng Guānyīn iyisibonelo esiyivelakancane sendlela ukukhetha ngokuhlanganyela okungakwazi ukudala hhayi nje «inguqulo ethuthukisiwe», kodwa into entsha ngokuphelele. Ayimlingisi i-Tiě Guānyīn noma i-Huángjīn Guì — ithatha okuhle kuyo yomibili futhi yengeza ukusebenza kwayo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ikhono layo lokuzwakala ngendlela efanayo eqhakazile esitayeleni esimnene sase-Ānxī nasesitayeleni esinamandla sase-Wǔyí Shān — yilokho okungeke kwakwaziwe yinoma yimuphi «wabazali». Kumthandi, i-Huáng Guānyīn iyithuluzi elikahle lokuqhathanisa ukunambitha futhi iyi-«bhuloho eliqotho» phakathi kwamasiko amabili amakhulu e-oolong yaseFujian.