---
title: "Hóngyá lǜchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/hongya-lucha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hóngyá lǜchá (洪雅绿茶)

**I-Hongya Lücha** (*Hóngyá lǜchá*, 洪雅绿茶) — itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseHongya (洪雅县) esifundazweni saseMeishan esifundazweni saseSichuan, emaphethelweni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga eSichuan Basin. Ngokomthetho wophawu, lena yindawo enamafu, ilanga eliphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu, kanti itiye ngokwalo liyisicaba futhi liqondile, linombala ophuzi-oluhlaza ogqamile kanye nokunambitheka okusha okuthambile. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwendawo yezolimo kusukela ngo-2011 kanye nokuqashelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Lapha izinhlamvu zegama zibeka ngempela isigaba: 绿茶 — isigaba sobuchwepheshe, futhi umthetho wophawu uchaza ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza — ukulungisa, ukusonga kanye nokomisa.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), isifunda saseMeishan (眉山, *Méishān*), isifunda saseHongya (洪雅, *Hóngyá*).
* **Indawo evikelwe — izinhlu ezimbili:**
    * Isithasiselo se-CNIPA (2025) sibala amadolobhana ayi-12: iZhi ge, iZhongshan, iJiangjun, iLiujiang, iCaoyutan, iHongchuan, iGaomiao, iYuping, iDongyue, iZhongbao, iWawushan neQiliping.
    * Umthetho wophawu lwezolimo (2011) wawubala amadolobhana nezindawo eziyi-15; wawunazo iSanbao, iHanwang, iHuaxi neTaoyuan, kodwa wawungenalo iQiliping. Ukuthi kungani izinhlu zahluka, imithombo ayikuchazi. Indawo evikelwe ngokomthetho ka-2011 — amahektha ayi-14 378, umkhiqizo wonyaka — amathani ayi-13 000.
    * Kuzo zombili izinhlu kukhona idolobhana laseWawushan (瓦屋山, *Wǎwūshān*) eduze kwentaba eyithebhula enegama elifanayo — indawo ihlanganisa nengxenye ephezulu yesifunda, hhayi izigodi kuphela.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 102°49′–103°32′ E, 29°24′–30°00′ N — ziyefana kuyo yomibili imibhalo.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

Ngezansi kukhona izingcaphuno zomlando ovela embhalweni oyinhloko wenhlangano yezindawo. Mina ngokwami le mibhalo emidala angizange ngiyihlole.

* **Umlando:**
    * **Endulo.** Ngokombhalo, ngesikhathi sikaHan izwe lamanje laseHongya laliyingxenye yesifunda saseNan'an esifundeni saseQianwei, kanti «Imibhalo Yezwe LaseHuayang» (华阳国志) yekhulu lesi-4 ithi eNan'an naseWuyang «kwakukhiqizwa itiye elidumile». Isifunda saseHongya ngokwaso sasungulwa ngo-593.
    * **Tang.** Umbhalo uxhumanisa neHongya ukukhulunywa kwesifunda saseMeizhou ku-«Canon of Tea» (茶经) kaLu Yu futhi uveza irekhodi lango-813 lesiteshi sokuthenga itiye eHongya edolobhaneni lamanje laseHuaxi.
    * **AmaDynasties amahlanu.** Ku-«Registry of Tea» (茶谱) kaMao Wenxi, ngokucaphuna kombhalo, kuthiwa: «眉州洪雅、昌阖、丹棱，其茶如蒙顶制法» — itiye laseHongya nezifunda ezingomakhelwane lalenziwa «ngendlela yaseMengding».
    * **Song.** Ngokombhalo, ku-«Ode to Tea» (茶赋) kaWu Shu iHongya ibalwa phakathi kwezindawo zetiye.
    * **Qing.** Umbhalo, ucaphuna i-«General Chronicle of Sichuan» yeminyaka yeJiaqing, uthi ukuhweba kwetiye eHongya kwakunikeza amalayisense angu-6456 ngonyaka — indawo yokuqala esifundazweni.
    * **2011.** Uphawu lwendawo yezolimo, inombolo i-AGI00821. Umthetho ushicilelwe ngesaziso soMnyango Wezolimo No. 1699 sangoDisemba 20, 2011 — embhalweni ophenjiwe wengosi.
    * **2025.** Ukuqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngokwesaziso se-CNIPA No. 646.
* **Igama:** «Hongya» — igama lesifunda; «lücha» — itiye eliluhlaza.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokombhalo, ngeminyaka yawo-2000 isifunda saba isizinda setiye eliluhlaza ngaphandle kwezinsalela eziyingozi futhi sathumela e-European Union, e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia amatiye aluhlaza okuthumela angaphandle «珠茶» kanye ne-«[眉茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meicha)».

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Umthetho wophawu ubala izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu neziqinile, ezifanele ukukhiqizwa: iMingshan 131 (名山131), iMingshan 311 (名山311) kanye neFuding Dabai (福鼎大白).
* **Izikhathi zokuvuna:** Ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming.
* **Izinga lokuvuna ngezinhlobo zomthetho:**
    * ibanga lokuqala — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka, ihlumela lide kuneqabunga;
    * ibanga lesibili — ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili noma elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka, ihlumela neqabunga cishe alingana ngobude;
    * ibanga lesithathu — okufanayo, kodwa iqabunga lide kunehlumela.

**4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Umkhawulo oseningizimu-ntshonalanga weSichuan Basin. Ngokomthetho, esifundeni kukhona indawo eyivelakancane ezweni — i-danxia (丹霞, *dānxiá*) — amadwala abomvu; indawo yehlela kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga isuka ezintabeni eziphakeme iye emagqumeni, emathafeni nasezigodini zemifula iQingyijiang neHuaxi.
* **Izintaba namahlathi:** Ngokomthetho, cishe iziqongo ezingama-500 ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000, amahlathi — 67 % wendawo.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-acidic futhi i-acidic kancane, i-pH 5–6,5, ne-organic matter engaphezu kuka-3 %.
* **Isimo sezulu (ngokomthetho):**
    * izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi 16,8 °C, uJanuwari 6,6 °C, uJulayi 25,7 °C;
    * imvula 1435 mm ngonyaka, izinsuku ezingenaqhwa 307;
    * ukukhanya kwelanga kuphela amahora ayi-1080 ngonyaka — umthetho ubeka iHongya phakathi kwezindawo zezwe ezinemisebe yelanga ephansi;
    * umswakama ohambisanayo 84 % (embhalweni ophenjiwe umugqa ubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi «izinga lokushisa lomoya», kodwa inombolo inikezwa ngamaphesenti).
* **«Amahlumela asebusika».** Isisho esithi «九月微微冷，十月小阳春» — enyangeni yesishiyagalolunye yenyanga kuyabanda kancane, kweyeshumi kuba «intwasahlobo encane» — sichaza, ngokomthetho, isici esiyinhloko sesifunda: amahlumela etiye lapha aqala ukukhula kusenesikhathi.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umthetho wophawu uchaza ubuchwepheshe ngokuningiliziwe — lena incazelo yaleli tiye ngokuqondile, hhayi uhlelo olujwayelekile:

1.  **Ukuhlukanisa (摊晾, *tānliàng*):** Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna amaqabunga ayahlukaniswa ukuze aphole futhi ome; entwasahlobo, emakhazeni, — amahora ayi-8–12.
2.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Emshinini ku-200–220 °C, ngokuvamile imizuzu emi-3–5.
3.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Amaqabunga athambile asongwa kubanda futhi kancane ukuze kugcinwe umbala ophuzi-oluhlaza kanye nendawo ebunjiwe ethambile; amaqabunga amaholo — ashisayo, ukuze ukusonga kuqine.
4.  **Ukuqondisa (理条, *lǐtiáo*):** Ematiyeni ayisicaba nayinaliti esikhundleni sokusonga okuvamile — emshinini ku-60–90 °C, kuze kube 80–90 % wokoma, bese kuphola nokuqondisa umswakama amahora ama-5–8.
5.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Ngomoya oshisayo, ebhodweni noma ngenhlanganisela. Itiye elisicaba lomiswa ebhodweni, elinaliti — ngomoya oshisayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bomthetho buchaza kokubili isimo esisicaba nesinaliti, kanti incazelo yokubukeka ibala kuphela iqabunga elisicaba neliqondile; ukuthi lokhu kuvumelana kanjani, umbhalo awuchazi.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa:**

Incazelo ngokomthetho wophawu (2011):

* **Ukubukeka kwamaqabunga omile:** Amahlumela amahle, iqabunga elisicaba futhi eliqondile, elilinganayo; umbala uluhlaza, ucwebezela (芽头秀雅、扁平直、匀整，色泽绿光润).
* **Iphunga lamaqabunga omile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Lihlanzekile futhi liqinile (清香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kusha, kuthambile futhi kuvuselela (鲜醇爽口).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Uphuzi-oluhlaza futhi uyakhanya (黄绿明亮).
* **Amaqabunga aluhlaza (itiye eliphekiwe):** Aluhlaza othambile, alinganayo futhi ayakhanya (嫩绿匀亮).

Umbhalo wengosi ubiza ukuphisa ngenye indlela — «kuhlanzekile-kuyi-emerald» (清碧明亮); ukuthi iyiphi incazelo eseduze nomkhiqizo wamanje, akukwazi ukuqonda ngemibhalo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Umthetho wophawu ubeka imingcele ephansi yetiye eliqediwe:

| Isibonakaliso | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 40 % |
| Ama-polyphenols etiye | okungenani 16 % |
| Ama-amino acid | «ukuqukethwe okucebile», ngaphandle kwenombolo |

Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinto Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokuqondile.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Inqubo yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa.
    5. Ukuphisa kabusha kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Inqubo yesigaba. Ephasakeni elivaleke ngokuphelele, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:**
    * Funa uphawu lwendawo: igama elithi «洪雅绿茶» kanye nophawu olujwayelekile lwendawo yezolimo.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseHongya.
    * Amaqabunga — asicaba, aqondile, aluhlaza futhi acwebezelayo; ukuphisa — kuphuzi-oluhlaza futhi kuyakhanya.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokombhalo, ngo-2010 uphawu lwesifunda lwe-«雅茶» lwaqanjwa njengophawu olungcono kakhulu lwezingadi zemvelo embukisweni wetiye wezindlela zombili zeTaiwan Strait.
* Umthetho udinga ukuguqula kancane kancane ukufudumeza kube ngogesi, igesi kanye nama-infrared — ekukhiqizeni okungenantuthu.
* Uhlu lwamadolobhana endawo ezinyangeni eziyi-14 lushintshile: ngo-2011 ayeyi-15, ngo-2025 — ayi-12.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseSichuan:**

* **Mengding Shihua ([蒙顶石花](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mengding-shihua)):** Itiye elisicaba lentaba iMengdingshan eYa'an engumakhelwane; «nendlela yaseMengding» incwadi endala yaqhathanisa itiye laseHongya.
* **Mengding Ganlu ([蒙顶甘露](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mengding-gan-lu)):** Itiye elisongiwe lentaba efanayo, enye yezindawo ezindala zetiye eSichuan.
* **Emei Zhuqing ([峨眉竹叶青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/emei-zhuyeqing)):** Itiye elisicaba lentaba iEmei eLeshan engumakhelwane; eHongya Lücha ngokomthetho kuvunyelwe futhi isimo esinaliti.
* **Guosheng Cha ([国胜茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guosheng-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni laseningizimu yeSichuan, eligcizelela iphunga le-orchid.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Hongya Lücha — itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esinomswakama nesinamafu emaphethelweni eSichuan Basin, lapho amahlumela eqala khona kusenesikhathi. Umthetho wophawu ulichaza ngokuningiliziwe: ukuvuna ngaphambi kweQingming, ukulungisa ku-200–220 °C, amaqabunga asicaba noma analiti, ukuphisa okuphuzi-oluhlaza kanye nokunambitheka okusha okuthambile. Umlando omude wetiye waziwa ngokulandisa kombhalo, hhayi ngemibhalo eqinisekisiwe.