---
title: "Hēizhuān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/heizhuan-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-23
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hēizhuān chá (黑砖)

Isitini esimnyama sase-Anhua County — singenye 'yezitini ezintathu' emgomeni wetiye emnyama yase-Anhua, i-heicha ecindezelwe ngokuqinile, okwaqala ngayo umlando wesimanje wokukhiqizwa kwezitini zasetiyeni zase-Hunan ngo-1939.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

*   **Uhlobo:** itiye elimnyama (heicha, 黑茶), isitini esicindezelwe ngokuqinile.
*   **Isigaba:** esinye 'sezitini ezintathu' (三砖) ze-heicha yase-Anhua.
*   **Imvelaphi:** i-Anhua County (安化), isifundazwe sase-Hunan.
*   **Ingxenye yemakethe:** esezingeni eliphakathi (中档) — umkhiqizo oqinile wansuku zonke.

Igama elijwayelekile letiye elimnyama lase-Anhua lihambisana nefomula ethi 'ezintathu ezicijile, izitini ezintathu, umqulu owodwa' — *sānjiān sānzhuān yī juǎn* (三尖三砖一卷):

*   'Ezintathu ezicijile' (三尖) — itiye elivundlekile *i-tianjian*, *i-gongjian*, ne-*shengjian*, elipakishwe ngezimbenge ezilukiwe *mièlǒu* (篾篓).
*   'Umqulu owodwa' (一卷) — insika edumile *i-qianliang* ([千两茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qian-liang-cha)) kanye nolibo lonke *lwe-huajuǎn* ([花卷](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hua-juan)).
*   'Izitini ezintathu' (三砖) — i-fuzhuan (茯砖) ene-golden fungus blooming, i-huazhuan ([花砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huazhuan)) enomhlobiso onqenqemeni, kanye ne-heizhuan ([黑砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/heizhuan-cha)) uqobo, isitini esimnyama.

Kulolu zintathu, i-heizhuan inesikhundla esikhethekile: ukucindezelwa kwezimboni kwaqala ngayo, futhi ngokufanele ibizwa ngokuthi 'ukhokho' (祖) wezitini zesimanje zase-Anhua. Ngokuma kwayo, leli itiye elingenabumnene obusezingeni eliphezulu be-*tianjian* futhi lingenawo umhlobiso oqoqwayo we-*qianliang*, kodwa linobuhle balo obuqinile, obucinene.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Ngokwamasiko:**

*   **Indawo yokuqala:** 1939, lapho i-Baishaxi Factory (白沙溪) yakhiqiza isitini sokuqala esimnyama.

Lesi senzakalo ngokujwayelekile sithathwa njengokuzalwa kokucindezelwa kwezimboni kwesimanje kwetiye elimnyama lase-Anhua — kulapha kwasungulwa khona lonke ulibo 'lwezitini ezintathu'. Ngakho-ke, i-heizhuan yathola indima ehloniphekile 'njengonkulunkulu' (祖) wezitini zesimanje zase-Anhua — ifomu elivumele ukumiswa okusezingeni, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuthuthwa kwetiye elimnyama lase-Hunan ngezinga lezimboni.

Ngokungafani netiye lochungechunge 'olucijile', ngokomlando elihlobene nesigodlo nezicukuthwane (*i-tianjian* yezicukuthwane, *i-gongjian* 'njengentela'), i-heizhuan ekuqaleni yayicatshangwa njengomkhiqizo omkhulu, onokwethenjelwa — oqinile, okulula ukuwuthutha, owenzelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Le mvelo engokoqobo iyona eyayenza yaba ingqalasizinda yesiko lezitini zase-Anhua.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Engavuthiwe:**

*   **Impahla engavuthiwe:** i-black maofeng (黑毛茶) — umkhiqizo ongakaqedi oseke wacutshungulwa okwesisekelo ngobunyoninco bokumucwa okumanzi.
*   **Ibanga kanye neKhwalithi:** ibanga lesibili nelesithathu (二-三级黑毛茶) — hhayi amafleshi athambile kakhulu aphezulu, kodwa iqabunga elivuthiwe ngokwengeziwe, eliqinile.
*   **I-Cultivar:** alukho uhlobo oluthile oluqokiwe; kusetshenziswa impahla yendawo yase-Anhua, ejwayelekile kuso sonke isifunda esikhiqiza i-heicha.

Okubalulekile akukona nje uhlobo lwesihlahla, kodwa ibanga leqabunga kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kokuqala kokwenza i-black maofeng. Impahla engavuthiwe evuthiwe inika umhluzi onomzimba ozwakalayo kanye nokuqina esikhathini sokuguga.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

*   **Isifunda:** i-Anhua County (安化), isifundazwe sase-Hunan — isizinda somlando sokukhiqiza itiye elimnyama.

Indawo enezintaba, isimo sezulu esimanzi sase-subtropical, kanye nomhlabathi wendawo ovelele kwakha impahla engavuthiwe enomzimba ominyene, ocebile, obekezelela ukuvubela isikhathi eside kanye nokucindezelwa. Isidingo sefomu elithuthwayo, elihlala isikhathi eside sasilolonga kakhulu ukubukeka kwezitini zendawo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

*   **Umsebenzi obalulekile:** ukucindezela ngesitimu (蒸压, *zhēngyā*) — i-black maofeng elungisiwe iyakhethwa ngokwebanga, iyashiswa ngesitimu ukuze ithambe futhi ikwazi ukubunjwa, bese icindezelwa ngokuqinile ibe isimo sesitini.
*   **Ukuminyana:** i-slab eqinile kakhulu, eyacile (紧实) enejiyomethri ecophelelayo.
*   **Ukomiswa:** isitini eseqediwe somiswa ekugcineni ngezinga lokushisa elipholile — hhayi ngaphezu kuka-65 °C (干燥 ≤65℃). Isimo sokushisa esithambile siqinisa ifomu futhi siqinisekisa umswakama, ngaphandle 'kokushisa' itiye futhi silondoloze amandla okuvuthwa okuqhubekayo.
*   **Amapharamitha alawulwayo (ukumiswa okusezingeni):** ibanga le-maofeng yokuqala (二-三级), ukuminyana kokucindezela, indlela yokomisa, kanye nezimpawu zomhluzi oqediwe; izinkomba zezinombolo ezithile zincike ekubuyekezweni okusebenzayo kwezinga likazwelonke kanye nezimboni zamatiye amnyama.

Kulapha futhi umngcele obalulekile wobuchwepheshe phakathi 'kwezitini ezintathu'. Ngokungafani ne-fuzhuan (茯砖), i-heizhuan ayinaso isigaba 'sokuqhakaza' (发花) — okusho ukuthi 'ikhunta elisagolide' *i-Eurotium cristatum* (冠突散囊菌, *guāntū sǎnnángjūn*) ayikhuliswa. Uma ku-fuzhuan ukukhula okulawulwayo kwezinhlamvu ezisagolide ku-25–45 °C kanye nomswakama ongu-75–90 % phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15–22 kwenza 'iphunga lefungus' (菌花香) elivelele, i-heizhuan ilandela indlela 'ehlanzekile' yokucindezela ngokuqinile nokomiswa, ithuthukisa iphunga lokuguga ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-mycelium ebonakalayo. Isitini esimnyama sihluke ku-huazhuan (花砖) ngokungabi bikho kwemihlobiso yokuhlobisa emaphethelweni e-slab — sihlala siqinile futhi silula.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuhlola Ngemizwa:**

*   **Iphunga:** 'iphunga elidala' lokuguga (陈香, *chénxiāng*).
*   **Ukunambitheka:** ukugcwala okuhlanzekile, okulungisiwe (醇正, *chúnzhèng*); umhluzi uminyene, ushelele, unomzimba omnyama.

Ngokungafani ne-*tianjian* nentuthu yayo egqamile kamcako (松烟香) kanye ne-fuzhuan enephunga lefungus, i-heizhuan incike ekujuleni kwayo okuzolile kwetiye elimnyama eligugile.

**9. Ukugxaza:**

Njengoba i-slab icindezelwa ngokuqinile kakhulu, ukuze igxazwe iyehlukaniswa ngokucophelela ngommese wetiye, kukhishwe ingxenye edingekayo. Amatiye amnyama alolu hlobo athanda:

*   amanzi abilayo ashi sagoqe (eduze ku-100 °C), aveza impahla evuthiwe;
*   ukuwashwa — umhluzi wokuqala osheshayo 'wokuvusa' nokuhlanza ucezu oluqinile;
*   ukugxazwa okuningi okufushane ngegayiwan noma ngetipoti ye-Yixing, ukwelulwa kancane kancane njengoba iqabunga livuleka;
*   ukubilisa (煮茶) kwezingcezu zokugcina, esezikhiphe iphunga layo eliyinhloko — indlela efaneleka ngokukhethekile esitini esiqinile, esivuthiwe.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Isitini esigcinwe kahle siyavuleka ngokugcwele ngokuhamba kweminyaka — kuyo yonke i-heicha yase-Anhua kusebenza umgomo othi 'indala iba nephunga elimnandi ngokwengeziwe'. Ukomiswa kokugcina okuthambile (≤65 °C) kuqinisa isimo futhi kulondoloze amandla okuvuthwa okuqhubekayo.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

*   **Ingxenye:** i-heizhuan imiswe njengetiye esezingeni lentengo eliphakathi (中档) — umkhiqizo oqinile wansuku zonke.
*   **Ngokuminyana nesimo:** i-heizhuan yangempela ibonakala ngokucindezela okuqinile kakhulu, okuminyene (紧实) kanye nejiyomethri ecophelelayo ye-slab.
*   **Ngokwempahla engavuthiwe:** isisekelo yi-black maofeng yebanga lesibili kuya kwelesithathu, enikeza umzimba womhluzi ovuthiwe, oqinile, hhayi ukhukhamba 'olumnene-olunezimbali' lwezigaba eziphakeme kakhulu.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

I-Heizhuan yisimo lapho indima yomlando 'yokhokho' kanye nohlamvu oluthotshisiwe, oluqinile kuhambisana: itiye elingenazo izakhiwo ezimangalisayo ezifana nefungus elisagolide noma umhlobiso, kodwa kusukela kulo lapho kuqala khona ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini itiye elimnyama lase-Anhua elicindezelwe.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ozintathu:**

*   **Ku-Fuzhuan (茯砖):** i-heizhuan ayinazo 'izimbali ezisagolide' — uma kuhlukaniswa i-slab, akukho zinhlayiya eziphuzi ngokusagolide ze-*Eurotium cristatum* ezibonakalayo futhi akuzwakali phunga lefungus; 'iphunga elidala' elihlanzekile ngaphandle kwephunga lefungus.
*   **Ku-Huazhuan (花砖):** i-heizhuan ilula, ayinawo umhlobiso, kanti i-huazhuan inephethini yokuhlobisa emaphethelweni amane e-slab.
*   **Kuzo 'Ezicijile' (三尖):** i-heizhuan iyisitini esicindezelwe, hhayi itiye elivundlekile esimbengeni elilukiwe; ngokuvamile, ayinayo intuthu kamcako egqamile, evelele ku-*tianjian* ne-*gongjian*, eke yashiswa ngomlilo kamcako.