---
title: "hào jí · yìn jí"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/hao-ji-yin-ji
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# hào jí · yìn jí (号级)

Uma abaqoqi bekhuluma nge-pu'er yangempela evuthiwe, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi bakhuluma ngezikhathi ezimbili — *hào jí* (号级) kanye ne-*yìn jí* (印级). Lokhu akuzona izinhlobo noma izindawo, kodwa izendlalelo zomlando, okuyizona ezilula ukufunda ngazo lonke uhlu lozalo lwe-sheng pu'er nokuqonda ukuthi kungani umgomo othi *yuè chén yuè xiāng* (越陈越香, "indala ikhula iba nephunga elimnandi") uguqule iqabunga elicindezelwe laba yinani lezindali.

## Kungani izikhathi zikhona nakanye

I-Pu'er ihlukile ngoba ikhwalithi yayo ayiqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, kodwa yakheka emashumini eminyaka. Kugxilwe ku-*yuè chén yuè xiāng* (越陈越香) — umqondo wokuthi itiye elenziwe kahle futhi eligcinwe kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liba lijulile, lithambe, libe nephunga elimnandi. Yilolu guquko oluhamba kancane olwenza umqondo othi "iminyaka yokukhishwa" ube nengqondo: isinkwa sika-1950 kanye nesika-2010 kuyiziphuzo ezihluke ngokuphelele, noma ngabe iqabunga liqoqwe ezintabeni ezifanayo.

Kusukela lapha kuvela ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhathi. Ku-sheng pu'er (生普) kuvunyelwana ukuhlukanisa izendlalelo ezinkulu ezine:

- **Itiye le-号级** (*hào jí chá*) — amatiye akudala ezindlu zohwebo ezizimele *shāng hào* (商号) ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1950;
- **Itiye le-印级** (*[yìn jí chá](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yin-ji-cha)*) — umkhiqizo kahulumeni we-中茶 (uZhongcha) wawo-1950-70;
- **I-七子级** (*qī zǐ jí*) — "amadodana ayisikhombisa", inkathi yezinombolo *mài hào* ([唛号](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maihao)) kusukela eminyakeni yawo-1970;
- **Inkathi yesimanje** — kusukela kwawo-1990, lapho ngo-1989 uphawu lwe-大益 (*Dàyì*).

I-号级 kanye ne-印级 yizendlalelo ezimbili zokuqala nezinenganekwane kakhulu. Ngale kwalokho, yonke into ayisakalwa ngezimpawu zokugxiviza, kodwa ngamakhodi anezinombolo ezine afana no-7542.

## Itiye le-号级: inkathi yezindlu zohwebo

*Ama-Hào jí chá* — amatiye emikhakha yokukhiqiza ezimele-商号, eyasebenza ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwemboni yetiye uhulumeni ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950. Amagama alezi zindlu namuhla azwakala njengamagama ezindawo ezinkulu zokwenza iwayini:

- **同庆** (*Tóngqìng*),
- **宋聘** (*Sòngpìn*),
- **福元昌** (*Fúyuánchāng*).

Lena kwakuyinkathi lapho kwakungekho risiphi sikahulumeni esisodwa, futhi kungekho nohlelo lwezinombolo. Indlu ngayinye yayiqoqa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezintabeni ezazaziwa yiyo, icindezele izinkwa ngokwezinga layo futhi ifake ngaphakathi ipepha elibhalwe ngesandla — *nèi fēi* (内飞) — elinesigxivizo futhi ngokuvamile elinexwayiso ngomgunyathi, ngoba igama lendlu ngaleso sikhathi lalivele libiza imali.

Zimbalwa kakhulu izinkwa zangempela ezisekhona, futhi cishe zonke sezineminyaka engamashumi evuthiwe. Ezindalini, amanye amasampula e-号级 athengiswa ngezigidi zama-yuan, okwenza angabi isiphuzo nje kuphela, kodwa abe izinto zasemnyuziyamu nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukuze uqonde i-pu'er, kunento eyodwa ebalulekile: i-号级 yabeka izinga ngokwayo — umqondo wokuthi itiye lingaguga ngendlela enhle, njengewayini elihle kakhulu.

## Itiye le-印级: inkathi yokugxiviza

Ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha kwemboni, ukukhiqiza kwagxila esikhungweni sikahulumeni i-中茶 (uZhongcha). Amatiye ango-1950-70 ale nkathi abizwa ngokuthi *yìn jí chá* (印级茶) — "amatiye okugxiviza".

Igama lichaza ngokuqondile ukwakheka kwesembozo: ilogo ethi "八中茶" — abalingiswa abayisishiyagalombili baka-中 (*zhōng*) bezungeze uphawu olumaphakathi luka-茶 (*chá*), — kanti ukwahlukaniswa kokuqoqwa kwalandela umbala walolu phawu olumaphakathi:

- **红印** (*hóng yìn*) — "isigxivizo esibomvu";
- **绿印** (*lǜ yìn*) — "isigxivizo esiluhlaza";
- **黄印** (*huáng yìn*) — "isigxivizo esiphuzi".

Lezi zimpawu zemibala zaba ikhodi yenkathi kubaqoqi: ngazo bayathola usuku, bahlole futhi bakhe ukuhleleka okuyivelakancane. I-红印 ngokwesiko ithathwa njengesiqongo se-印级 — ukukhishwa kokuqala nokuhlonishwa kakhulu kwalesi sendlalelo.

I-印级 iyinkathi yoguquko: azikabikho izinombolo ezinezimpawu ezine, kodwa sekuvele kunomkhiqizo omaphakathi kanye nohlelo olubonakalayo oluqashelwayo. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ngo-1970 kuzovela khona i-七子级 namakhodi ayo emiresiphi *mài hào*, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, u-7542 eyoba isinkwa esisezingeni eliphezulu se-sheng.

## Izinto ezingavuthiwe nokucubungula: yini esisekelweni

Naphezu komehluko wezikhathi, isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sihlala siqasheleka. I-Pu'er yenziwa ngesihlahla setiye sase-Yunnan esinamahlamvu amakhulu (大叶种, *dà yè zhǒng*), futhi ukhiye wokuvuthwa kwesikhathi esizayo — yi-*shài qīng máo chá* ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)毛茶), umkhiqizo ongagciniwe wokomiswa elangeni. Iqabunga "eliphilayo", elingakapheki ngokuphelele ukushisa, yilo eligcina umsebenzi ogcina amagciwane kanye nokubila, ngaphandle kwawo i-*yuè chén yuè xiāng* ingasebenzi.

Ezikhathini zakudala, kukhulunywa kuphela nge-sheng pu'er (生普) — itiye lokubila kwemvelo, okuhamba kancane emva kokubila. Ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa okusheshisiwe okwenziwa nge-*wò duī* ([渥堆](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wodui)), obukhiqize i-shu pu'er (熟普), bavela kamuva, ngeminyaka yawo-1970, ngakho-ke abuhlangene ne-号级 ne-印级.

## Ukugcinwa: 干仓 kuqhathaniswa 湿仓

Iminyaka ngaphandle kokugcinwa okufanele ayisho lutho, futhi lapha kudlula umugqa obaluleke kakhulu wokwehlukanisa phakathi kwezikole ezimbili zokugcina impahla:

- **[干仓](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gan-cang-shi-cang)** (*gān cāng*) — indlu yokugcina eyomile: ukuvuthwa kuhamba kancane, kuhlanzekile futhi kuphephile. Lena indlela esezingeni eliphezulu, enikeza iphrofayili yokuvuthwa esobala, ecophelelayo.
- **湿仓** (*shī cāng*) — indlu yokugcina enomswakama: isheshisa "ukuguga", kodwa inengcuphe yesikhunta nokonakala. Ihlotshaniswa nomlando wezindlu zokugcina zase-Hong Kong — *gǎng cāng* (港仓), lapho amashumi eminyaka itiye laligcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu.

Kuma-号级 nama-印级 angempela, udaba lomlando wokugcinwa lubaluleke kakhulu: isinkwa esisodwa, esichithe ikhulunyaka endaweni yokugcina eyomile noma enomswakama, siba amatiye amabili ahlukile ngesimo nangenani.

## Ukunambitheka nokwenziwa

I-sheng pu'er yakudala ayihlolwa ngokugqama, kodwa ngokujula. Amashumi eminyaka okuvuthwa asusa itiye ebumuncwini bokuqala nasekuhlanganiseni asiyise kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi *chén xiāng* (陈香) — iphunga elimnandi lokuvuthwa elinamathoni okhuni oludala, izithelo ezomile, amakhambi okwelapha, umtapo wolwazi onomswakama. Ukumnika kuminyene, kuyasonga, futhi kunokunambitheka kwangemuva okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuzolile.

Amatiye anjalo enziwa ngokuthela okubizwa nge-*gōng fu chá* (功夫茶) ngetiye le-Yixing noma nge-gaiwan: izinga eliphezulu lokushisa kwamanzi, ukufakwa okuminyene, ukuthelwa okufushane. Iqabunga elidala lidinga amanzi abilayo ashisayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi lidinga ukugezwa ukuze "kuvuswe" isinkwa esicindezelwe amashumi eminyaka.

Ku-shu pu'er, umgomo we-*yuè chén yuè xiāng* uyasebenza futhi, nakuba uthambe: iminyaka yokuvuthwa yenza bube bushelelezi ubukhali bokuqala be-*wò duī*, futhi iphunga elaziwayo le-*Měnghǎi wèi* ([勐海](https://thetea.app/zu/article/meng-hai)味) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liguqukela ku-*chún hòu chén xiāng* (醇厚陈香) ominyene, ofudumele — iphrofayili yokuvuthwa enothile.

## Ungazihlukanisa kanjani izikhathi

Izinkomba ezimbalwa zokufunda umsuka:

- **Ngohlelo lwezimpawu.** Akukho sigxivizo esithi "中", ayikho inombolo, kukhona kuphela igama lendlu yohwebo kanye ne-*nèi fēi* — ikhandidethi le-号级. Kukhona isigxivizo esinombala esithi "中" esingenakhodi enezinombolo ezine — lena indawo ye-印级. Uma kuvela i-*mài hào* efana no-7542 — sesivele sisenkathini ye-七子级 nangemuva.
- **Ngombala wesigxivizo** ngaphakathi kwe-印级: i-红印 / 绿印 / 黄印 — ikhodi eyisisekelo yokuthola usuku yenkathi.
- **Ngesimo sokuvuthwa.** I-号级 noma i-印级 yangempela ayikwazi ukuba "yintsha": emashumini eminyaka, iqabunga liyafiphala, iphunga elimnandi liya ku-*chén xiāng*, kanti isimo sokugcinwa (干仓 noma 湿仓) sifundeka enkomishini.

Isixwayiso esikhulu: imboni yomgunyathi igxile kakhulu kulezi zikhathi, ngoba amagama afana no-同庆, 宋聘 noma 红印 amashumi eminyaka asho imali eningi. Kumfundi we-encyclopedia, i-号级 ne-印级 zibalulekile ngaphezu kwakho konke njengesisekelo: zikhombisa ukuthi ngeqabunga elingenalutho elomiswe elangeni kwakheka kanjani isiko lonke lokuvuthwa, lapho isikhathi — siyingcweti eyinhloko.