---
title: "Hànzhōng hóng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/hanzhong-hong
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hànzhōng hóng (汉中红)

**Hanzhong Hong** (*Hànzhōng hóng*, 汉中红) itiye elibomvu lomasipala wedolobha i-Hanzhong (汉中市) eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Shaanxi. Isifunda saziwa kakhulu ngetiye eliluhlaza, futhi i-Hanzhong Hong iwumugqa obomvu emndenini wezimpawu zetiye zakhona: eduze kwetiye eliluhlaza i-Hanzhong Xian Hao ([汉中仙毫](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hanzhong-xian-hao)), i-Hanzhong Chaoqing (汉中炒青) ne-Hanzhong Maojian (汉中[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian)). Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwezindawo oluhlanganyelwe, olwabhaliswa ngo-2022 yinhlangano yetiye yase-Hanzhong. Imibhalo yophawu ikhuluma ngokuvikelwa komkhiqizo; izincazelo zetiye ngokwalo ngaphansi kwalolu phawu azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), eline-okshijini ephelele. Isigaba sithathwe egameni nasekubunjweni kwezimpawu zesifunda: i-汉中红 iwukuphela kophawu "olubomvu" eduze kwezimpawu ezintathu eziluhlaza. Umbhalo wophawu obonisa isigaba nobuchwepheshe angizange ngiwubone.
* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo wesifunda; uphawu lwezindawo oluhlanganyelwe (2022).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shaanxi (陕西, *Shǎnxī*), umasipala wedolobha i-Hanzhong (汉中, *Hànzhōng*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele. Umnikazi wophawu yinhlangano yesifunda, kodwa umngcele womthetho wendawo angizange ngiwuhlole.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Idolobha i-Hanzhong liseduze no-33.1°N no-107.0°E.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ngaphambi kophawu.** Inhlangano yetiye yase-Hanzhong (汉中市茶业协会) ngaphambilini yabhalisa izimpawu ezimbili zendawo ezihlanganyelwe zetiye eliluhlaza, i-汉中仙毫 ne-汉中炒青. Ngo-2021 isifunda sathola imvume yokwakha indawo kahulumeni eyisibonelo yokuvikela uphawu lwendawo i-汉中仙毫.
    * **2022.** Ngokombiko we-Hanzhong Ribao, owashicilelwa kabusha ngo-September 2022, ihhovisi lezimpawu zokuhweba i-CNIPA labhalisa ngokwesicelo senhlangano ezinye izimpawu ezimbili zendawo ezihlanganyelwe, i-汉中毛尖 ne-汉中红. Inombolo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele ayizange ishiwo.
    * **2023.** Ingosi yoMnyango Wezohwebo ngezobunikazi bengqondo, lapho ikhuluma ngezimpawu ezintsha zesifunda, ikhuluma ngokubhaliswa kwe-汉中红 ne-汉中毛尖 ngo-2022.
    * **2024.** NgoMeyi ihhovisi lesifunda lokuqapha imakethe kanye nenkantolo yesifunda kanye nabashushisi benza ukuhlola esifundeni sase-Xixiang (西乡县). Embikweni wehhovisi, owashicilelwa yiHhovisi Lobunikazi Bengqondo lase-Shaanxi, i-汉中红 ibalwa phakathi kwezimpawu zetiye ezine isifunda esizivikela ngokubambisana kwabaphathi nezinkantolo: i-汉中仙毫, i-汉中炒青, i-汉中毛尖 ne-汉中红.
* **Igama:** I-Hanzhong (汉中) yigama lomasipala wedolobha; i-hong (红) isho ukuthi "okubomvu". Amagama amafushane anjalo aphela ngo-红 ayindlela evamile yamatiye abomvu ezifunda zase-China: Lichuan Hong, Xinyang Hong.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umbiko ka-2024 ubiza i-Hanzhong njengesizinda esikhulu setiye eliluhlaza emaphethelweni asenyakatho esifunda setiye enyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze futhi njengenye yezindawo lapho kwavela khona isiko letiye le-汉茶. Itiye elibomvu kulesi sithombe liyinsika yesibili: ngokoshicilelo luka-2024, imboni yesifunda incike etiyeni eliluhlaza nelibomvu, kanti itiye elimhlophe, elimnyama, elicindezelwe i-fuzhuan, elisemaphaketini kanye nelincibilikayo kuyengeza kuyo.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ngophawu lwe-汉中红 ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukuze kuqhathaniswe:** Uhlobo lwetiye elibomvu i-汉山红 (ngalo bheka isigaba 13) incwadi yetiye ilichaza njengetiye elivela ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi nezincane zendawo yase-Qingshu nase-Hongmiao (青树、红庙) yesifunda sase-Nanzheng (南郑). Ukuxhumana kwalolu hlobo nophawu lwe-汉中红 emithonjeni etholakele akutholakali.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu ye-Shaanxi, umcengezi womfula ophakeme i-Han River (汉水).
* **Ubukhulu bemboni:** Ngokoshicilelo luka-2024 mayelana nendawo eyisibonelo yokuvikela, indawo ephelele yezingadi zetiye zesifunda ingu-1.324 million mu, umkhiqizo ungamathani angu-68,000, abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bahilelekile embonini. Ukuthi ingakanani ingxenye etiyeni elibomvu akushiwongo.
* **Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane yetiye elibomvu emithonjeni etholakele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zophawu mayelana nobuchwepheshe azikho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Hanzhong Hong ngokwayo:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Amangqamuzana eqabunga ayaphuka, ijusi liphumele phezulu.
3.  **I-okshidijini (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga liba bomvu, kuvele ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*):** Kumisa i-okshidijini futhi kuqinise iphunga elimnandi.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Izincazelo zokubukeka kwetiye ngaphansi kophawu lwe-汉中红 azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala obusebenzayo:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Umbala wotshwala obusebenzayo:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Amacembe asetshenzisiwe (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

Ohlotsheni lwe-汉山红 incwadi yetiye inikeza incazelo yebanga eliphakeme: imisongo eqinile emincane enama-tips egolide, umbala omnyama onamafutha, utshwala obusebenzayo obubomvu ngokugqamile, iphunga eliminyene elihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okuthambile okumnandi, iqabunga eliphilayo elibomvu ngokugqamile. Lena incazelo yohlobo olulodwa, hhayi izidingo zophawu.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinto Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain noma i-teapot ye-porcelain, kuzo umbala wotshwala obusebenzayo ubonakala kahle.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye.
    3. Thela amanzi bese ukhipha utshwala bokuqala obufushane uma itiye linothuli.
    4. Utshwala bokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa.
    5. Khipha konke, ungalishiyi iqabunga emanzini.
    6. Ukuphindaphinda kathathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngokwandisa isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, emaphaketheni avaliwe aqinile, kude namaphunga nomswakama; isiqandisi asidingeki.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo yetiye ngaphansi kophawu lwe-汉中红 emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani amakhiqizo omgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu oluhlanganyelwe lwe-汉中红 bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uyilungu lenhlangano yetiye yase-Hanzhong noma uvunyelwe yiyo ukusebenzisa uphawu.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela kumasipala wedolobha i-Hanzhong.
    * Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zetiye zesifunda kwenziwa yihhovisi lesifunda lokuqapha imakethe kanye nenkantolo nabashushisi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-汉中红 iwukuphela kophawu olubomvu phakathi kwezimpawu zetiye ezine zenhlangano eyodwa; ezinye ezintathu ziluhlaza.
* Izimpawu i-汉中红 ne-汉中毛尖 zabhaliswa ngasikhathi sinye, ngo-2022.
* Ngokombiko ka-2022, isifunda sasinezimpawu zokuhweba zendawo ezingama-26 kanye nemikhiqizo eyi-13 enophawu lwendawo; ekuqaleni kuka-2023 izimpawu zase zingama-28.
* Ngokombiko ka-2022, inani lomkhiqizo we-汉中仙毫 lalilinganiselwa ku-3.871 billion yuan.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliphambili lesifunda esifanayo; uphawu lwalo lwabhaliswa yinhlangano ngaphambi kwe-汉中红.
* **Zhenba Maojian ([镇巴毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhenba-maojian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Zhenba kumasipala ofanayo wase-Hanzhong.
* **Hanshan Hong (汉山红):** Uhlobo lwetiye elibomvu lwesifunda sase-Nanzheng. Ngokwencazelo yencwadi yetiye, lwakhiwa yi-Qinba Black Tea Institute, eyasungulwa yi-Shaanxi University of Technology kanye nenhlangano yetiye kanye nehhovisi letiye lase-Hanzhong; incwadi ibiza futhi nge-汉中红茶, kodwa ayibonisi ukuxhumana kohlobo nophawu lwe-汉中红. Incwadi ibiza lolu hlobo njengetiye lokuqala le-gongfu hongcha elisezingeni eliphezulu lase-Hanzhong; ngo-2014 lathola indondo ekhethekile yegolide yomncintiswano wamatiye adumile we-XI China International Tea Exhibition, kwathi ngo-2015 lathola isiqu se-中华好茶.
* **Ziyang Hong Cha ([紫阳红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ziyang-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Ziyang eningizimu yesifundazwe esifanayo sase-Shaanxi.
* **Xinyang Hong ([信阳红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu elivela ezweni letiye eliluhlaza, umugqa obomvu ofanayo eduze komholi oluhlaza.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Hanzhong Hong ingumugqa obomvu emndenini wetiye wesifunda esidume ngetiye eliluhlaza. Kwaziwa kakhulu njengomkhiqizo kunokuba kwaziwe njengetiye: uphawu oluhlanganyelwe lwenhlangano lwango-2022, ukuvikelwa ngokubambisana nezinkantolo nabashushisi, indawo eduze kwe-Hanzhong Xian Hao. Ukubukeka, izinhlobo nobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kwalolu phawu akuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele, ngakho kufanele kubhekwe embhalweni wophawu, kanti ukunambitheka kubhekwe kumkhiqizi othile.