---
title: "Hǎiqīng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/haiqing-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hǎiqīng chá (海青茶)

**I-Haiqing Cha** (*Hǎiqīng chá*, 海青茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobhaneni lase-Haiqing (海青镇) esifundeni sase-Huangdao (黄岛区) edolobheni lase-Qingdao, esifundazweni sase-Shandong; abezindaba bendawo balibiza ngokuqondile nangokuthi "itiye eliluhlaza lase-Haiqing" (海青绿茶). Leli itiye lasenyakatho elivela emkhankasweni othi «南茶北引» — "itiye laseningizimu liya enyakatho": ngo-1966 idolobhana lafaka izihlahla zetiye ezivela e-Anhui. Izidingo zokuvikela zilichaza ngokuqhathanisa neningizimu: iqabunga likhulu, liminyene futhi linesisindo ukwedlula elaseningizimu. Igama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo futhi, kusukela ngo-2025, ngesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 646.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Izidingo zokuvikela zibala imigqa ekhishiwe — i-longjing, i-yinzhen, i-biluochun, i-maofeng, i-chaoqing (炒青) kanye ne-hongqing (烘青), "uchungechunge olukhulu oluyi-12, amagama angaphezu kwama-30". I-Chaoqing ne-hongqing amagama etiye eliluhlaza ngokwendlela yokomisa; ukubukeka ezidingweni nakho kuluhlaza.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho lase-Shandong.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shandong (山东, *Shāndōng*), idolobha lase-Qingdao (青岛, *Qīngdǎo*), isifunda sase-Huangdao (isifunda esisha sase-Xihai'an), idolobhana lase-Haiqing (海青, *Hǎiqīng*). Ngo-1966 idolobhana lalingaphansi kwesifunda sase-Jiaonan (胶南).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Imizana yokuphatha engama-43 yedolobhana, okuhlanganisa i-Houhexi (后河西村), i-Houhedong (后河东村), i-Dongjiawa (董家洼村), i-Dongcaijia (东蔡家村) kanye ne-Hongyangou (鸿雁沟村). Umfakisicelo yisikhungo sezolimo sedolobhana.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 119°31′–119°37′ empumalanga, 35°35′–35°43′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ama-1950, icebo.** Ngokwengosi yezinkomba zendawo, umqondo we-«南茶北引» e-Shandong usukela kuma-1950: ngaphambi kokuba u-Tan Qilong (谭启龙) aqokwe njengombusi wesifundazwe, u-Mao Zedong wakhuluma naye ngokudlulisela itiye enyakatho.
    * **Ngo-1966.** Isifunda sase-Jiaonan saqala umklamo we-«南茶北移、南竹北引» — "itiye laseningizimu noqalo lwaseningizimu ziye enyakatho". Ngokwengosi yezinkomba zendawo, idolobhana lafaka izihlahla ezivela e-Anhui futhi lazitshala entabeni esenyakatho yomzana wase-Houhexi; insimu yokuhlola engama-42 *mu* yaqanjwa ngokuthi «海青茶». Ngo-1972 ukutshala kwakhula kwafinyelela kuma-220 *mu*, kanti i-Houhexi ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwaleli tiye. Umbhali wendawo ephephandabeni i-«Qingdao Xihai'an Bao» (2025) uhlukanisa lawo ma-42 *mu* emizaneni emithathu: i-Houhexi — 25, i-Houhedong — 7, i-Dongjiawa — 10.
    * **Ngo-1968.** Ngokwengosi yezinkomba zendawo, e-Haiqing kwakhiwa ifektri yetiye yokuqala e-Shandong — i-海青河西茶厂 — futhi kwakhishwa iqoqo lokuqala letiye. Ngokombhalo ka-2025, ifektri yakhiwa imizana emihlanu, kanti iqoqo lokuqala lenziwa ngo-1969.
    * **Ukuhlolwa.** Ngokwengosi nangokombhalo, i-Tea Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences yaphawula etiyeni lokuqala iphunga elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukumelana nokuphuzwa kaningi kanye nekhwalithi ephakeme kunelaseningizimu.
    * **Ngo-2008.** Ngokwengosi yezohwebo ye-产地宝, itiye eliluhlaza lase-Haiqing lafakwa ohlwini lwesifunda lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Huangdao. I-«Dazhong Daily» (2025) ibiza leli phuzu ngokuthi — «海青绿茶种植加工技艺», ubuchwepheshe bokutshala nokucubungula, — futhi ikhuluma ngabaphathi balo abamele.
    * **Ukubalwa kweminyaka.** I-«Dazhong Daily» yaphawula u-2025 njengeminyaka engama-60 ye-«南茶北引» edolobhaneni, kanti i-«Qingdao Daily» (2026) ibhala ukuthi isithombo sokuqala safika "eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule". Insimu yokuqala nayo ikalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: ama-42 *mu* ngokwengosi yezinkomba, ama-26 *mu* ngokwengosi ye-产地宝, "amashumi amabili nambalwa *mu*" ekwakhiweni kwefektri yokuqala — ngokwamazwi omphathi wefa e-«Dazhong Daily».
    * **Ngo-2021.** Kwakhishwa indinganiso yeqembu i-T/CAI 145-2021 «农产品地理标志 海青茶»; ngomhla ka-24 Disemba 2024 yachithwa.
    * **Inkomba yezolimo.** I-Haiqing Cha ibhalisiwe njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo; ingosi yezinkomba inikeza inombolo yokubhalisa i-AGI01621, unyaka wokubhalisa awukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngo-April 2020 i-«Jingji Ribao» isivele ibhala ngokubhaliswa njengokuthi sekwenzekile. Iwebhusayithi yephephandaba i-«Dazhong Daily» (2024) yengeza ukuthi itiye lafakwa kukhathalogi kazwelonke wemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile nemisha, kanti i-China Tea Society yanikeza idolobhana isiqu sokuthi "izwe letiye elidumile lase-China" (中国名茶之乡); izinsuku zalezi zigameko iphephandaba alizisho.
    * **Ngo-2025.** Ngesimemezelo No. 646 somhla ka-23 Septhemba 2025, i-Haiqing Cha yaqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Igama:** «Haiqing» (海青) yigama ledolobhana. Igama elithi «海青茶» lanikezwa insimu yokuqala yokuhlola yango-1966. Ngokwenganekwane, ebalulwa yingosi ye-产地宝, «Haiqing» yisiteshi esidala sendlela esuka e-Haizhou (海州) siya e-Qingzhou (青州); lapha kwadlula u-Su Shi ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wenkathi ye-Xining (熙宁), futhi kuye kuhlanganiswa nokufika kwetiye. Awekho amadokhumenti asekela le nganekwane.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ekupheleni kuka-2024, edolobhaneni kunama-35 000 *mu* ezingadi zetiye, imizana engama-57 etshala itiye kanye namabhizinisi etiye angaphezu kwama-200; umkhiqizo ungaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ezingamakhulu ayisithupha zama-jin etiye elomile ngenani elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-373 zama-yuan, inani lomkhiqizo wesifunda lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-883 zama-yuan.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:** Izinhlobo zendawo ezikhethwe futhi ezijwayeza isimo sezulu — i-胶南春 (*Jiāonánchūn*), i-海青锋 (*Hǎiqīngfēng*), i-海北春 (*Hǎiběichūn*) kanye ne-海青翡翠 (*Hǎiqīng fěicuì*).
* **Umthombo wokuqala:** Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa kanye nejenali yezimboni (2017) zihlobanisa itiye lase-Haiqing nenani lembewu yase-Anhui i-祁门槠叶群体 (*Qímén zhūyè qúntǐ*); ngokwejenali, yafakwa yisifunda sase-Jiaonan ngo-1966. Okuvela kuyo, ngokombiko wesifunda, ngokukhetha isihlahla esisodwa kwasungulwa uhlobo i-北茶寒春.
* **Izinhlobo ezintsha:** Ngokombiko wesifunda (2024), izinhlobo ezine zendawo zibhaliswe nguMnyango Wezolimo — i-北茶36, i-东方紫婵, i-北茶红蕊 kanye ne-北茶寒春; eyokugcina ifanele kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu.
* **Emasimini:** I-«Qingdao Daily» (2026) ichaza ipulazi lomndeni lapho kukhule khona eduze izinhlobo i-中茶108 ne-黄金芽, inani lembewu kanye nokutshala ngama-clone.
* **Ukuvuna:** Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-April noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Entwasahlobo kuqala kushiywa esihlahleni iqabunga le-钱叶, kamuva — iqabunga elilodwa; ehlobo nasekwindla kushiywa kuphela iqabunga le-"fish" (鱼叶); amaqabunga amabili angenaso ihlumela (对夹叶) asuswa ngokuphelele. Kuvunwa kaningi, ngamaqoqo.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Amagquma aseningizimu ye-Qingdao ngasogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi.
* **Indawo:** Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — amathambeka abheke emini, avaleleke emoyeni, kanye namathafa anamagquma anomthambeka ongeqi ku-25°.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-acidic noma i-acidic kancane, i-pH 4,5–6,5; kungcono inhlabathi yesihlabathi evundile; ungqimba lwenhlabathi lungama-80–100 cm nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kongqimba ophansi oqinile, nonogqimba ophilayo olungekho ngaphansi kwama-40 cm.
* **Ukuphakama nesimo sezulu:** Ayikho imininingwane yezinombolo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukutshala nokunakekela ngokwezidingo:** ukumba okujulile ngaphezu kwama-80 cm; ukutshala kwentwasahlobo ngemigqa emibili emigudwini ejulile (凹田双行密植); kuwo wonke ama-100 kg etiye elomile nge-*mu* — ama-12–15 kg e-nitrogen emsulwa ngesilinganiso se-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium esingu-3,5 : 1 : 1; ukuchelela okuphoqelekile kathathu ngonyaka — ukuvusa amahlumela, ngemva komanyolo nangaphambi kobusika; ukuthena phakathi kwezinkathi ze-Chunfen ne-Qingming ngama-3–5 cm.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikela azikuchazi ukucubungula, futhi umbhalo wendinganiso yeqembu echithiwe awuvulekile emithonjeni etholakele. Ngezansi kunesikimu esijwayelekile setiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo ye-Haiqing Cha:

1.  **Ukwandlalwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusonga noma ukunikeza umumo (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomisa:** Ebhodweni (炒青) noma ngomoya oshisayo (烘青) — yomibili imigqa ibalulwe ezidingweni.

**6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokubukeka:**

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela zika-2025; kubakaki kukhona izincazelo zombhalo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Likhulu, liminyene futhi linesisindo ukwedlula itiye laseningizimu (较南茶硕壮重实); luhlaza okotshani onsundu, kucwebezela okunamafutha (墨绿油润). Iwebhusayithi ye-«Dazhong Daily» yengeza ukuthi imithambo yeqabunga ibonakala kahle.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** Liminyene, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香浓郁高长). Iwebhusayithi ye-«Dazhong Daily» (2024) nezincazelo eziyisethenjwa zibiza uphawu lwalesi sitayela ngephunga le-"pea" (豌豆香); ezidingweni zokuvikela leli gama alikho.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kuminyene, kugcwele, kuqabulayo (浓醇爽口).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Uphuzi oluhlaza, ucwebezela (黄绿明亮).
* **Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe):** Liphuzi oluhlaza, lilingana, licwebezela (黄绿匀亮).

Ngokwe-«Qingdao Daily» (2026), e-Haiqing wonke umuntu uyayazi ifomula ethi «叶片厚、滋味浓、香气高、耐冲泡»: iqabunga eliwugqinsi, ukunambitheka okuminyene, iphunga eliphezulu, ukumelana nokuphuzwa kaningi.

Ikhadi lomkhiqizo engosini yezinkomba zendawo ligxilisa ngendlela ehlukile: iphunga eliminyene le-chestnut (栗香浓郁), ukunambitheka okuqabulayo (鲜爽), iqabunga eliphuziwe eliluhlaza elicwebezelayo.

Ingosi yezohwebo ye-产地宝 (2019) ihlukanisa itiye ngomumo ngezinhlobo ezimbili. Oluyisicaba (扁平形) — bushelelezi futhi buqondile, "njengengcambu yenkemba", luhlaza okucwebezelayo; ukunambitheka kuthambile futhi kugcwele, utshwala buphuzi oluhlaza. Olusongekile (卷曲条形) — luhlaza okwesimaragidu, luzacile futhi luminyene, lunoboya obubonakalayo; iphunga liphezulu futhi lizinze, ukunambitheka kuqabulayo. Imikhiqizo ephezulu yomugqa — «海青峰».

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

| Isibonakaliso | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,0 % |
| Imvuthuluka | ingabi ngaphezu kuka-4,0 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,0 % |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | zingabi ngaphansi kuka-37,0 % |
| I-fiber eluhlaza | ingabi ngaphezu kuka-16,0 % |
| I-Selenium | ingabi ngaphansi kuka-25 mg/kg |
| Isamba sama-amino acid | singabi ngaphansi kuka-2,0 % |

Umkhawulo we-selenium ongu-25 mg/kg uphakeme ngokungavamile: nge-Enshi Xicha, itiye eline-selenium egameni laso uqobo, kubikwa isilinganiso esingaba ngu-0,21 mg/kg, kanti ezindaweni ezine-selenium ephezulu — cishe u-6,4 mg/kg. Umkhawulo ofanayo usezidingweni zesimemezelo esifanayo ku-Jiaonan Lücha nasezinhlotsheni eziphezulu ze-Rizhao Lü Cha, ngakho iphutha lamayunithi alinakwenzeka. Emgqeni wama-amino acid kushoda uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama elithi «氨基酸».

Iwebhusayithi ye-«Dazhong Daily» (2024) nezincazelo eziyisethenjwa zibhala ukuthi ama-catechin etiyeni lase-Haiqing makhulu ngo-13,7 % kanye nama-amino acid ngo-5,3% kunamatiye aseningizimu ohlobo olufanayo. Ucwaningo lokuqala alukho emithonjeni etholakele, futhi lezi zinombolo ezifanayo ziyavela nasezincazelweni ze-Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rizhao-lucha)).

Ngokwekhadi lomkhiqizo engosini yezinkomba zendawo, izinto ezikhishwayo etiyeni lase-Haiqing ngokuvamile zingama-42–46 %.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Awekho amaminithi aqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan. Thela amanzi odongeni, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, bese kuba ukuphisa okubili noma kuthathu, kushiya ingxenye yotshwala.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Namanga:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:**
    * Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela edolobhaneni lase-Haiqing.
    * Khumbula ukuthi idolobhana lase-Haiqing liyabalwa nasezindaweni ze-Jiaonan Lücha: amanye amadolobhana e-Jiaonan yakudala angena endaweni ye-[胶南绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiaonan-lucha), kodwa hhayi endaweni ye-海青茶.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Izindawo zamagama amabili esimemezelo esifanayo ziyahlangana: i-Haiqing Cha ivikelwa emizaneni engama-43 yedolobhana, kanti idolobhana uqobo lingena nasezindaweni ze-Jiaonan Lücha zemizana engama-163.
* Indinganiso yeqembu ye-Haiqing Cha yasebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase-Shandong:**

* **IJiaonan Lücha (胶南绿茶):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sakudala sase-Jiaonan, indawo yalo ihlanganisa i-Haiqing; ukubukeka kuchazwa ngamagama afanayo mayelana netiye laseningizimu.
* **IRizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶):** Itiye eliluhlaza elingasogwini elingaphesheya, nalo elivela ku-«南茶北引».
* **I-Changqing Cha ([长清茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/changqing-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho eduze kwe-Taishan kusukela esimemezelweni esifanayo esingu-No. 646.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Haiqing Cha itiye eliluhlaza ledolobhana lapho ngo-1966 kwahlala khona izihlahla ezivela eningizimu: iqabunga elikhulu elinesisindo eliluhlaza onsundu, iphunga eliminyene neliphezulu kanye notshwala obuphuzi oluhlaza, obumelana nokuphuzwa kaningi. Izidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 zilichaza ngokuningiliziwe ingadi, kodwa hhayi ukucubungula, kanti ingxenye yezinkambiso zazo zamakhemikhali idinga ukuhlolwa.