---
title: "Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/haifeng-lianhuashan-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá (海丰莲花山茶)

**Haifeng Lianhuashan Cha** (*Hǎifēng Liánhuāshān chá*, 海丰莲花山茶) — «itiye lentaba iLianhuashan yaseHaifeng», itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseHaifeng (海丰县) esifundeni sedolobha iShanwei empumalanga yesifundazwe saseGuangdong. ILianhuashan (莲花山, «intaba yeLotus») — igama lokhahlamba olusenyakatho yedolobha lesifunda; alihlangene namatiye ezimbali nelotus. Umbhalo wokuvikela uvumela izinhlobo zama-oolong zawo, kodwa ubeka ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza — ukuqinisa ku-250–270 °C kanye nokomisa ebhodweni amahora amaningi, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation; ifomula yawo — «i-infusion esagolide, iphunga loju nekheshinathi». Kusukela ngo-2021 igama livikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*) elomiswa ebhodweni. Umbhalo wokuvikela ka-2025 ubeka uchungechunge «ukwandlalwa — ukuqinisa — ukusonteka — ukuhlukanisa izigaxa — ukomisa»; ukunyakazisa nge-oxidation engaphelele, okudingekayo ku-oolong, akukho lapha. Izinhlobo zama-oolong ohlwini lwezinto zokusetshenziswa azishintshi isigaba — sinqunywa ubuchwepheshe. Igama lendawo elidume kakhulu iwebhusayithi yesifunda ibiza ngo-«莲花绿茶» — «itiye eliluhlaza lelotus».
* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品, *dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn*), 2025; uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (农产品地理标志), 2021.
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), isifunda sedolobha iShanwei (汕尾, *Shànwěi*), isifunda saseHaifeng (海丰, *Hǎifēng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amalokishi amane nemizana engu-80 yesifunda — iHaicheng (海城镇), iGongping (公平镇), iPingdong (平东镇) neHuangqiang (黄羌镇). Izixhumanisi: 115°07′–115°30′ empumalanga, 22°56′–23°13′ enyakatho.
* **Umnyombo nendawo:** Iphephandaba i-«Nanfang nongcun bao» (2022) libiza umnyombo wokukhiqiza amalokishi amahlanu — kwamanje amane endaweni evikelwe engeza iMeilong (梅陇镇). Endaweni evikelwe akufakiwe ngokwesicelo sika-2020 noma ngesimemezelo sika-2025.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Izinganekwane nobufakazi bakudala:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Ngokwe-«Beijing ribao» (2023), inganekwane ithi ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaJin udokotela uGe Hong (葛洪), lapho ebutha amakhambi okhahlamba iLianhuashan, wathola wahlwanyela itiye lasentabeni (山子茶) walibiza ngokuthi «itiye labangafi» (仙人茶, *xiānrén chá*).
    * **Umlando weminyaka kaQianlong (乾隆).** Iphephandaba i-«Shanwei ribao» (2021) licaphuna umlando wesifunda saseHaifeng wobukhosi bakwaQing. Esigodlweni sezindela iLianhua-an esiqongweni kukhula izihlahla ezimbalwa zetiye, futhi lapho liphekwa ngamanzi omthombo «滋味甘洁» — limnandi futhi lihlanzekile; kanti esiqongweni esiyisicaba sentaba, eduze kweGquma lezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa (七星墩), itiye «气味最佳» — lihamba phambili ngephunga nokunambitheka.
    * **Iminyaka kaGuangxu (光绪).** Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, imbongi nombhali wezinhlamvu uJiang Fengchen (江逢辰) wayengumngane womphathi wesigodlo sezindela iJimi-si (鸡鸣寺) eLianhuashan, wanambitha itiye elithi «龙头凤尾» lapho futhi ezinkondlweni wacela indela ukuba limthumelele amakhilogremu ambalwa njalo ngonyaka. Iphephandaba libheka lokhu njengesiqalo sokuduma kwetiye.
    * **1950s.** Ngokwe-«Shanwei ribao» ne-«Beijing ribao», umama wenguquko uPeng Pai, uZhou Feng (周凤), wanikela ngetiye laseLianhuashan «labangafi» kuZhou Enlai. Abukho ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi emithonjeni.
    * **Izindawo ezihamba phambili.** Ngokwe-«Shanwei ribao», kubantu kukhona izinganekwane zokuthi itiye elihamba phambili livela ezindaweni «Kezailiao» (客仔寮) kanye «nomugqa wesithathu» (第三条垄). Lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umphumela wokuqhathanisa.
    * **Umlando weminyaka kaJiajing (嘉靖).** I-China Daily (2024) ikhuphula umlando wetiye ngesigaba se-«Mikhiqizo» (物产) somlando wesifunda saseHaifeng weminyaka kaJiajing wobukhosi bakwaMing. Umbhalo walo mlando awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele, kanti abezindaba bendawo bakhuluma ngo-«umlando weminyaka engu-200»; imithombo ayivumelani ngamakhulu eminyaka.
* **Imboni:** Ngokwe-«Shanwei ribao» (2021), amarekhodi okuthi abantu baseHaifeng babevuna amahlumela amancane ezihlahleni ezisabalele eLianhuashan futhi benze itiye ngawo ayaziwa kusukela esikhathini sobukhosi bakwaQing. I-«Nanfang nongcun bao» (2022) ibhala «ngomlando weminyaka engu-200» wetiye, ngokutshalwa okukhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960–1970 kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kwemboni kusukela ngawo-1990. Ngokwamazwi omphathi womnyango wezolimo wesifunda kulelo phephandaba, phambilini abalimi betiye, bethembele olwazini lwabo, babenza ikakhulukazi itiye eliluhlaza, kodwa manje sebekhiqiza netiye elibomvu, i-dancong ne-oolong.
* **Imibhalo yokuvikela:**
    * **2019.** Uhlu lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo yezolimo eyaziwayo, ekhethekile nemisha.
    * **2020–2021.** Ngomhla ka-5 Agasti 2020, uMnyango Wezolimo WaseGuangdong wamemezela ukwamukelwa kwesicelo sophawu lwezolimo lwendawo; umfakisicelo — iHaifeng County Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Ngo-2021, uMnyango Wezolimo wakubeka engxoxweni ngesaziso No. 1, futhi ngawo lowo nyaka igama labhaliswa. Ngaleso sikhathi futhi i-«海丰莲花绿茶» yangena ohlwini lwezifundazwe lwezindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu imikhiqizo yezolimo ekhethekile.
    * **2021.** IShanwei yagunyaza izinga lendawo elithi «海丰莲花山茶生产技术规程» (DB4415/T 3-2021), elasebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Okthoba. I-«Beijing ribao» (2023) ibhala ngomthetho owodwa wezinga ledolobha — ngaphansi kwegama elithi «海丰莲花山茶标准化生产技术规程» — kanye namazinga amabili ezinkampani.
    * **2022.** Ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, itiye lathola uphawu lwesimo sezulu oluthi «岭南生态气候优品», kanti ilokishi iHaicheng yangena ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamalokishi nemizana eyisibonelo «一村一品» — «umuzi owodwa, umkhiqizo owodwa».
    * **2025.** Ngesimemezelo seChina National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 632 sangoJuni 9 (sashicilelwa ngoJuni 27), igama lahlonzwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — indawo 176 kwezingu-224. Ngesimemezelo esifanayo, irayisi lendawo lathola ukuvikelwa; ngaphambi kwalokho, ngokusho kwesifunda, yayinomkhiqizo owodwa kuphela onjalo — amahlumela e-daylily.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Ngokombhalo wokuvikela — inani lendawo (本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong)) noma imigqa ekhethwe kulo, kanye nezinhlobo zama-oolong ezinuka kamnandi [本山](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ben-shan) (*Běnshān*), [铁观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tie-guanyin) (*Tiěguānyīn*), [金观音](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-guanyin) (*Jīnguānyīn*), 黄旦 (*Huángdàn*), [凤凰单丛](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fenghuang-dancong) (*Fènghuáng [dāncóng](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dancong)*) nezinye.
* **Ukwethulwa:** Ngokwabezindaba (2023), kusukela ngawo-1990 isifunda silethe 铁观音, [金萱](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jin-xuan), 白叶单丛, [大红袍](https://thetea.app/zu/article/da-hong-pao) ne黄旦 — uhlu olungahambisani nohlu lombhalo.
* **Itiye lasendle:** Ngokwabezindaba (2023), «itiye labangafi» lendawo — isihlahla esincane esihlala siluhlaza sineqabunga elilingana nentende yesandla; izihlahla zasendle zifakwe ohlwini lwezitshalo ezivikelwe zesigaba sesibili. Ngokwe-«Beijing ribao» (2023), entabeni kusekhona isihlahla esidala se-«tiye labangafi» esingamamitha angu-6,5 ubude, futhi enkulisa ngaphansi kwentaba ngaleso sikhathi kwase kutshalwe izihlahla zasendle ezingu-218 ngezinga lokuphila lika-94,4 % futhi kwakhuliswa izithombo ezingaphezu kuka-13 500.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Kusukela eqhumeni elineqabunga elilodwa kuya eqhumeni elinamacembe amathathu; amahlumela aphelele, ahlanzekile futhi alinganayo.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Kabili ngonyaka — ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming (清明) nangesizini yeBailu (白露).

**4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Isifunda sizungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu futhi sibheke olwandle eningizimu. Ngokwe-«Shanwei ribao», izingadi zetiye zisebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-50 ukusuka esiqongweni esikhulu sokhahlamba; ngokwe-«Beijing ribao», lesi siqongo yiLianhuafeng (莲花峰), 1337,6 m. Ukhahlamba uqobo, ngokwalelo phephandaba, lunwebeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-400 — kusukela eLongyan (龙岩) eFujian kuya emfuleni iPearl.
* **Incazelo yendawo yophawu lwezolimo** (ngokulandisa kwesayithi lesithenjwa): amagquma ikakhulukazi angu-100–200 m, indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda — 1337,3 m; izintaba namagquma kuthatha u-60 % wendawo, amathafa — u-40 %; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-22,5 °C, imvula ingu-2389,5 mm ngonyaka, kuyo ehlobo — 1450 mm. Amaphephandaba anikeza ubude besiqongo nezinga lokushisa ngokuhlukile kancane — 1337,6 m kanye no-22,7 °C.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** **80–700 m** — amathafa, amagquma nemithambeka emincane.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ephuzi (黄壤) kanye nebomvu-ephuzi (红黄壤). I-pH ngokombhalo wokuvikela — 4,0–5,0, ngokwe-«Shanwei ribao» — 4,0–4,8.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon eseningizimu. Ukukhanya kwelanga — ngokwesilinganiso amahora angu-1873 ngonyaka («Shanwei ribao»); izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-22,7 °C nesikhathi esingenasithwathwa esiyizinsuku ezingu-360 («Nanfang nongcun bao»).
* **Ubuciko bokulima ngokombhalo:** Imithambeka engekho ngaphezu kuka-15°, ukutshala kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwesicelo sika-2020 — amahektha angu-2330 namathani angu-4302 ngonyaka; ngokwabezindaba baka-2022–2023 — cishe ama-mu angu-52,5 (amahektha angaba ngu-3500) namathani angu-4146; i-China Daily (2024) ibhala ngaphezu kwama-mu angu-60 000 namathani angaphezu kuka-5 000. Inani lonyaka lomkhiqizo isifunda libiza ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-439 (ngamahektha angu-2330 namathani angu-4302), i-«Nanfang nongcun bao» (2022) — cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amathathu nesishiyagalolunye.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izindlela ngokombhalo wokuvikela ka-2025:

1.  **Ukwandlala (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Ungqimba olungu-3 cm ezisefeni noma u-10–15 cm emseleni, amahora angu-6–12, kuze kube ngumswakama ongu-68–70 %.
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** 250–270 °C ngezinga lokushisa leqabunga elingu-80–85 °C, imizuzu engu-4,0–4,5, ukulahleka kwesisindo kungu-12–14 %, umswakama ongu-58–60 %.
3.  **Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Ngohlelo oluthi «ngaphandle kokucindezela — ukucindezela okulula — ngaphandle kokucindezela — ukucindezela okuqinile — ngaphandle kokucindezela», isikhathi esiphelele siyimizuzu engu-25–35, kuze kube yilapho itiye lisonta ngokuqinile futhi ijusi livele kulo.
4.  **Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块, *jiěkuài*):** Ngomshini, ngokukhipha imvuthuluka.
5.  **Ukomisa (干燥, *gānzào*) ebhodweni kathathu:** ku-230–250 °C kuze kube ngama-8/10 okomile; ku-145–150 °C imizuzu engu-30; ukomisa kokugcina (辉锅, *huīguō*) ku-110–115 °C amahora ayisithupha — kuze kube yilapho kuvela «isithwathwa» esiluhlaza-ngwevu etiyeni nephunga elimnandi noma loju. Ngemva kwalokho itiye liyalinywa ngokushesha.

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Incazelo yombhalo wokuvikela ka-2025.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Itiye elisontwe ngokuqinile, eliluhlaza-ngwevu, eline-«isithwathwa» — ungqimba olumhlophe (条索紧实、灰绿起霜). I-«Shanwei ribao» ivumela netiye elimahhadlahhadla, eliluhlaza okumnyama.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga le-infusion:** Lekheshinathi, eline-«phunga lomlilo» (栗香带火工香); kufomula yombhalo — loju nekheshinathi (蜜栗香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okuqinile, nokubuya kobumnandi (滋味浓厚、回甘). Abezindaba bengeza: okuqabulayo, kumelana nokuphakwa okuningi.
* **Umbala we-infusion:** Oluhlaza-ophuzi nokucwebezela kwegolide (黄绿泛金).
* **Iqabunga elitheliwe (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Eliluhlaza-ophuzi (叶底黄绿).

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo ze-physicochemical zombhalo wokuvikela ka-2025:

| Inkomba | Isidingo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | akukho ngaphezu kuka-3,5 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | akukho ngaphezu kuka-6,5 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | akukho ngaphansi kuka-18,0 % |
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | akukho ngaphansi kuka-48,0 % |

Izinga lomswakama lika-3,5 % liqinile kunelijwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza; libhalwe kanjalo embhalweni.

Amanani angempela, ngokwe-China Daily (2024): ama-polyphenol etiye 19–25 %, ama-amino acid amahhala 2,7–3,5 %, izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini 48–52 %. Indlela nesampula akushiwongo embhalweni.

**8. Izinzuzo zezempilo:**

Abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 85–90 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:** Shisisa isitsha, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60, bese kuba nokuphinda ukuphisa okuningana nokwandisa isikhathi kancane.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, kungcono esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C. Kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye nomgunyathi:**

Uhlu lwamanani alukho emithonjeni etholakele, kukhona kuphela amazwi abantu bendawo. Ngokwamazwi omphathi womnyango wezolimo wesifunda (2022), lapho ubuchwepheshe bungekho, itiye lalithengiswa ngamashumi ambalwa ama-yuan nge-jin (500 g), manje — ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-yuan. Omunye wabakhiqizi bendawo esizindalwezini sesifunda ubiza amanani aphansi: itiye lasekwindla — ngaphezu kwama-200, itiye lasentwasahlobo — ama-yuan angu-300–400 nangaphezulu; akashongo amayunithi, ngokomongo — i-jin. Itiye lasentwasahlobo, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, linikeza abalimi betiye cishe ingxenye yemali engenayo yonyaka evela etiyeni.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema umgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo: lugunyazwa yi-CNIPA kubakhiqizi abasendaweni evikelwe.
    * Qiniseka ukuthi itiye livela emalokishini iHaicheng, iGongping, iPingdong noma iHuangqiang.
    * Ungalididanisi nezingxube zezimbali «ezine-lotus»: iLianhuashan — igama lentaba.
    * Ngokombhalo: itiye eliluhlaza-ngwevu elinongqimba, i-infusion eluhlaza-ophuzi nokucwebezela kwegolide, iphunga lekheshinathi nephunga lomlilo.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Izinto zokusetshenziswa zingavela ezihlahleni zama-oolong, kodwa itiye — liluhlaza: ubuchwepheshe bunquma, hhayi uhlobo.
* Ukomisa kokugcina ebhodweni ngokombhalo kuthatha amahora ayisithupha.
* Ngesimemezelo esisodwa sika-2025 isifunda sakhuphula kathathu inani lemikhiqizo yaso enophawu lwendawo.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye:**

* **Huidong Xianren Cha ([惠东仙人茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huidong-xianren-cha)):** Inani letiye lendawo lesifunda esingumakhelwane iHuidong; nalo libizwa ngokuthi «itiye labangafi», futhi izingadi zalo futhi zisokhahlamba iLianhuashan.
* **Baipenzhu Hengkeng Cha ([白盆珠横坑茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baipenzhu-hengkeng-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lomuzana iHengkeng eHuidong, elizungezwe nxazonke yilo lokhahlamba.
* **Dan Cong (单枞):** I-oolong yaseChaozhou; uhlobo 凤凰单丛 lusohwini lwezinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye laseHaifeng, kodwa ubuchwepheshe lapha — obuluhlaza.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Haifeng Lianhuashan Cha — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ebhodweni lentaba yeLotus empumalanga yeGuangdong, lapho izinto zama-oolong zisetshenziswa ngobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza ukuqinisa ku-250–270 °C, ukomisa ebhodweni amahora ayisithupha, itiye eliluhlaza-ngwevu eline-«isithwathwa» kanye nefomula ethi «i-infusion esagolide, iphunga loju nekheshinathi». Ukuvikelwa kwegama — udaba luka-2021 no-2025.