---
title: "Guzhang Mao Jian"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/guzhang-mao-jian
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Guzhang Mao Jian (古丈毛尖, Gǔzhàng máo jiān)

Guzhang Mao Jian (古丈[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian), Gǔzhàng máo jiān) yitiye eluhlaza elidumile elivela esifundeni saseGuzhang, esifundazweni sase-Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni saseHunan. Leli tiyi lisendaweni emaphakathi nezintaba zeWuling (武陵山脉) “ngomugqa wegolide wamashumi amathathu” — indawo edume ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza amanye amatiye amahle kakhulu eChina. Leli tiyi laziwa ngezimfanelo ezimbili ezivame ukungahlangani: ukuqina kakhulu ekuphindaphindeni ukuthela (kufika ezikhathini eziyi-15) kanye nokunotha kwe-selenium emhlabathini. Amahlumela amancane, a-silvery, acwebezelayo abizwa ngokuthi “igugu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza” (绿茶中的珍品).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nokudabuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavuthisiwe). Lingaphansi kwetiye eliluhlaza eligadwayo (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) elinesimo esicijile, esiphothiwe.

* **Isigaba:** Umkhiqizo Wezimpawu Zokukhomba Ezokusebenza Kwezwe (国家地理标志保护产品, 2007). Uphawu lwentengiso olwaziwa kabanzi eChina (中国驰名商标, 2011). Ngo-1982, lafakwa ohlwini “lwamatiye alishumi adumile eChina” (ngokolunye uhlelo lwezilinganiso).

* **Indawo:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), i-Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (湘西土家族苗族自治州, Xiāngxī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda sase-Guzhang (古丈县, Gǔzhàng Xiàn). Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza — idolobhana lase-Guyangzhen (古阳镇), izintaba zetiye i-Dongfang (东方), i-Longtianping (龙天坪) ne-Niujiaoshan (牛角山).

* **Indawo ebanzi:** “Ibhande legolide lokutshalwa kwetiye” emugqeni wama-degree angu-30 enyakatho, eduze kwezintaba zase-Wuling, ezidlula ezifundazweni i-Hunan, i-Hubei, i-Chongqing ne-Guiyang.

* **Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba:** Cishe 28°37′ enyakatho, 109°57′ empumalanga.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Ukutshalwa kwetiye esifundeni sase-Guzhang kwaqala ngesikhathi se-Eastern Han (25–220 AD): embhalweni wasendulo wezokwelapha “Tongjun Lu” (桐君录, Tóngjūn Lù), indawo yase-Guzhang ibivele ikhonjwe njengendawo ekhiqiza itiye. Nge-Tang Dynasty (618–907), itiye lendawo lafakwa ohlwini lwemihlatshelo yombusi (贡品, gòngpǐn).

  Ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke kwenzeka ngekhulunyaka lama-20: ngo-1929, i-Guzhang Mao Jian yazuza indondo “Yetiye Lamazwe Ngamazwe Elidumile” embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe eParis (法国国际博览会); ngo-1957 — indondo yegolide emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe waseLeipzig. Ngo-1982, yafakwa “Kumatiye alishumi adumile eChina”.

  Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwehla, ukukhiqizwa kwavuselelwa ngeminyaka yo-1980. Ngo-2007, itiye lathola ukuvikelwa kwephawu lendawo lukazwelonke, kwathi ngo-2011 — isimo “Sethuluzi Lokuthengisa Elaziwayo eChina”.

* **Igama:**

  * “Guzhang” (古丈) — igama lesifunda, elisuselwa ezindabeni zasendulo zabantu base-Tujia (土家) nama-Miao (苗), abantu bomdabu basezintabeni zase-Xiangxi.
  * “Mao” (毛) — “uboya, ama-fluff”: akhomba ubuningi bama-silvery trichomes emaqulwini.
  * “Jian” (尖) — “isikhali esicijile”: chaza isimo esincanyana, esicijile samahlumela.

* **Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko:** I-Guzhang Mao Jian ingukudalwa kwe-Xiangxi, indawo eyaziwa “njengezwe lezintaba nemifula” (山水之乡), ikhaya lombhali u-Shen Congwen nomdwebi u-Huang Yongyu. Itiye lihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasiko e-Tujia nama-Miao — abantu abahlala ezintabeni zase-Wuling izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Esifundeni sase-Guzhang, lapho izingadi zetiye zithatha ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba wezolimo, itiye liyisisekelo somnotho nobunikazi bamasiko.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **I-cultivar:** Isitshalo sendawo esikhuliswa endaweni, esinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo namancane, *Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis* — **Guzhang Quntizhong (古丈[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong))**, esigqamisa uhlobo olungaphansi i-Zhuyeqizhong (槠叶种, Zhūyè zhǒng). Iphawuleka ngokugcina ubumnene isikhathi eside (持嫩性强) kanye nama-trichomes amaningi (茸毛多). Ngempela amaqembu endawo a-cultivar, ajwayele izimo zezintaba zase-Wuling, yiwona anika itiye ukumelana okujulile nokuphindaphinda ukuthela.

* **Ukuvuna:** Ukuvuna ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (清明, cishe ngo-5 Ephreli). Okwezinga eliphakeme — amaqulu aphelele noma iqulu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elivulekile kancane (一芽一叶初展). Amahlumela kumele abe mnandi, anama-trichomes, alinganayo ngosayizi.

* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Amagreyidi amathathu:
  * **Teji (特级):** Amaqulu aphelele noma iqulu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Ubuningi bama-trichomes amhlophe, ukunambitheka okusha.
  * **Yiji (一级):** Iqulu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Amahlumela alinganayo, amancanyana, nephunga elimile.
  * **Erji (二级):** Kufakwe ingxenye encane yeziqu ezithambile. Ukunambitheka okuqinile, ukumelana okukhulu nokuthela.

* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Amahlumela athambile, afanayo, angonakali. Ukugaywa kwenziwa ngosuku lokuvuna.

**4. Indawo Nokukhiqiza:**

* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu se-subtropical sezintaba ezinomsoco womoya. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-16°C. Amafu amaningi, ukukhanya okuncane okuqondile kwelanga, ukukhanya okuthe xaxa kuqhubeka (漫射光). Lezi zimo zehlisa ukwakheka kwama-polyphenols futhi zikhuthaze ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid — umphumela: ukunambitheka okuthambile, okumnandi ngaphandle kobumunyu obugqamile.

* **Ukuphakama kwendawo yokutshala:** Amasimu amakhulu angaphezu kwamamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ukuba nezihlahla kungu-80%. Izintaba zigelezwa imifula eminingi nezimpophoma, akukho ukungcola kwezimboni.

* **Inhlabathi:** Isici esiyingqayizivele — inhlabathi eyakhiwe phezu kwe-purple slate (紫色板页岩, zǐsè bǎnyèyán), enothe nge-phosphorus kanye **neselenium** (硒, xī) — izinga le-selenium liphakeme kakhulu kunasezindaweni eziningi zokutshala itiye eChina. Izingxenye ezingama-83% zendawo zinhlabathi equkethe i-nitrogen ngaphezu kwe-1% — inkomba enhle kakhulu yobukhulu.

* **Indalo:** Isifunda sase-Guzhang sise “bhandeni legolide lokutshala itiye” emugqeni wama-degree angu-30 — indawo ehlanganisa izifunda ezingcono kakhulu zetiye emhlabeni (i-Darjeeling, i-Uji, i-Huangshan). Ukuhlanzeka komoya, amanzi, nenhlabathi kwenza le ndawo ibe ngenye yezindawo ezihlanzekile kakhulu eChina.

**5. Ubuciko Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuciko be-Guzhang Mao Jian buphawuleka ngamanyathelo amaningi: izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili ezinokugadingwa kathathu nokujikajikwa kabili. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ukwedlula amanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza, futhi kuchaza ukumelana okungavamile nokuthela.

* **Ukuthela nokomisa kancane (摊青 — tān qīng):** Ukuthela okufushane ukukhipha umswakama oweqile.

* **Ukuqala kokugadwaya / Ukulungiswa (杀青 — shāqīng):** Nge-180°C — Ukumisa ukufakwa kwe-oxidative enzyme, ukuqinisa iphunga elisha.

* **Ukujikajika kokuqala (揉条 — róutiáo):** Ukujikajika okunamandla (揉捻力度重) — okuqine ukwedlula amanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza, okuvula ngokujulile izakhiwo zamangqamuzana futhi kuchaze ukumelana okungajwayelekile nokuphindaphinda ukuthela.

* **Ukugadingwa kwesibili (炒二青 — chǎo èrqīng):** Nge-120°C — ukomisa phakathi nendawo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwephunga ngokwengeziwe.

* **Ukujikajika kabusha (复揉 — fùróu):** Ukuhlanganisa ngokwengeziwe kwesakhiwo.

* **Ukugadingwa kwesithathu (炒三青 — chǎo sānqīng):** Ukugadwa kokugcina ukuze uqinise isimo.

* **Ukwakheka (做条 — zuòtiáo):** Umsebenzi wenza amahlumela ngesandla, ehlanganisa indlela “yokuqondisa” (理, lǐ), “yokudonsa” (拉, lā), kanye “nokuhlikihla” (搓, cuō), enika amaqabunga itiye isimo esiqondile, esincanyana, esicijile.

* **Ukuvela kwe-trichomes nokomisa kokugcina (提毫收锅 — tí háo shōuguō):** Isigaba sokugcina — ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwa ngokucophelela, umsebenzi “udonsa” ama-silvery trichomes angaphezulu kweqabunga letiye ngaphandle kokuwa. Lokhu kudinga ukufaneleka okukhethekile — ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kucekela phansi i-trichomes, ukungashisi kuyishiya “icindezelwe”.

**6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokuhogela:**

* **Ishidi elomile ngaphandle:** Amahlumela amancanyana, acinene, aqondile futhi amancane (条索紧细圆直), anezihloko ezicijile ezinhle (锋苗挺秀). Umbala — uhlaza okhanyayo nge-emerald, okucwebezelayo okufana namafutha (翠润), umbozwe kakhulu ngama-silvery trichomes (显毫).

* **Iphunga lamahlamvu omile:** Iphunga elimsulwa, eliphakeme, elisha (清香, qīngxiāng). Iphunga elimnene lama- buds amancane (嫩香高悦, nènxiāng gāoyuè) — “ubumnene obujabulisayo”. Iphunga elisele enkomishini engenalutho (冷杯留香) lihlala isikhathi eside.

* **Iphunga lokuphakwa:** Elimile, eliphakeme, ninomqondo wembali ohlanzekile. Livela kancane kancane ezikhathini eziningi zokuthela.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha futhi okunomsoco (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okucinene futhi okunothile (醇厚, chúnhòu), okunobumnandi obubuyayo nokwehla kwamathe (回甘生津, huígān shēngjīn). Isici esiyinhloko — **ukumelana okungavamile nokuthela**: i-Guzhang Mao Jian esezingeni eliphakeme iyakwazi ukumelana nezikhathi zokuthela ezingafika ku-15, igcine iphunga nokunambitheka — inkomba ecishe ingenakwenzeka etiyeni eliluhlaza elijwayelekile. Ifomula yokunambitha: “Izikhathi zokuqala ezi-3 — ukusha okuhlanzekile; kusukela kweyesine — ukujula nobumnandi obubuyayo”.

* **Umbala wokuphakwa:** Uhlaza omnene, ohlanzekile futhi osobala nokucwebezela okuphilayo.

* **Amahlamvu asezansi (amahlamvu elingisiwe):** Amahlumela amuncane, aqinile, afanayo anombala oluhlaza. Angenakulimala.

**7. Ukuhlangana Kwamakhemikhali:**

Inhlabathi ye-purple slate enothile nge-selenium, imvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme, nokugaywa ngezigaba eziningi kwakha umphumela oyingqayizivele:

* **Ama-polyphenols (ama-catechins):** Ukuphakama okuphawulekayo — kunikeza amandla amakhulu e-antioxidant kanye nokujula kwesakhiwo sokunambitheka.

* **Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine):** Izinga eliphakeme — umphumela wokukhanya okuthe xaxa kanye nenhlabathi ene-nitrogen (83% yendawo ene-nitrogen >1%). Ngempela ama-amino acid ahlinzeka ukusha nokuthamba.

* **I-Selenium (硒, xī):** Izinga eliphakeme ngokwemvelo — i-Guzhang Mao Jian ingaphansi kwesigaba “se-fuxicha” (富硒茶, fùxī chá — “itiye elinothe nge-selenium”). I-Selenium iyi-antioxidant enamandla kanye ne-immunomodulator.

* **Ama-alkaloids:** I-caffeine — izinga eliphakathi. I-theobromine, i-theophylline.

* **Amavitamini:** I-Vitamin C, amanye amavitamini e-B, ama-carotenoids.

* **Amaminerali:** I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium.

**8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:**

* **Ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant:** Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenols kanye ne-selenium kuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa okuqinisiwe ekuhluphekeni kwe-oxidative.
* **Umthelela oqinisa umzimba nokucabanga okucacile (清头目):** I-caffeine ne-L-theanine zinikeza amandla amnene, agxilile.
* **Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla (消食):** Ama-polyphenols akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha — umphumela, ngokocwaningo, ubonakala kakhulu.
* **Umthelela opholile noqabulayo (清热消暑):** Ukunqaba ukoma, ukukhipha ukushisa kwangaphakathi.
* **Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba:** I-selenium nama-polyphenols asekela umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba.
* **Ukunika umswakama nokukhiqiza amathe (止渴生津):** Ukuphakwa kukhuthaza ukuhla kwamathe.

* **Kubalulekile:** Izakhiwo ezishicilelwe zisuselwa emininingweni etholakala esidlangalaleni futhi azikona izincomo zezokwelapha.

**9. Ukuphuza:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90°C (amanzi abilayo, apholile kancane). I-Guzhang Mao Jian ingelinye lamatiye amabalwa aluhlaza lapho kunconywa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiqinile seqabunga.

* **Ubuningi betiye:** 3–4 g ku-120–150 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:40).

* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan (白瓷盖碗) yobumba lwe-porcelain emhlophe noma ingilazi.

* **Inqubo (indlela yokuthela phezulu / 上投法):**

  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, thela.
  2. Gcwalisa ingilazi ngamanzi (90°C) kuze kufike ku-7/10 womthamo.
  3. Thela itiye.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala — imizuzwana emi-5. Chitha.
  5. Ukuthela okulandelayo — andisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5.
  6. Itiye limelana nezikhathi zokuthela ezingafika ku-15 — lesi yisici salo esiyinhloko.

* **Qaphela:** izikhathi zokuqala ezi-3 zembula ukusha nokuhogela okuhlanzekile; kusukela kweyesine — ukujula, umzimba, nobumnandi obubuyayo. Gwema “ukucwilisa” (闷泡) — lokhu kukhulisa ubumunyu. Akunconywa ukuphuza ngesisu esingenalutho; okuhle kakhulu — emizuzwini engu-30 ngemuva kokudla.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* Gcina esitsheni esivalekile, endaweni emnyama, eyomile nepholile.
* Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 0–5°C (esiqandisini), ekufakweni okuvalekile.
* Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12–18 uma izimo zilandelwa.
* Ngemuva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-1–2.

**11. Intengo Nokukhotshwa:**

I-Guzhang Mao Jian — itiye elinokuduma okukhulayo, elikhiqizwa kancane endaweni yezintaba eziphakeme sase-Guzhang. Intengo incike kugreyidi, isikhathi sokuvuna, kanye nemvelaphi evela endaweni eyinhloko.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:**

  * **Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile** abanophawu lwendawo lwesifunda sase-Guzhang.
  * **Hlola isimo:** “amahlamvu” amancanyana, aqondile, amancane anama-trichomes amaningi. Amaqabunga avulekile, angalingani — uphawu lokukopelela.
  * **Hlola ukumelana nokuthela:** i-Guzhang Mao Jian yangempela imelana nezikhathi zokuthela ezingu-10+. Ukuphefumula okunye ngemuva kwezi-2–3 — uphawu oluqinisekile lokukopelela.
  * **Hlola iphunga:** elimsulwa, eliphakeme, ngaphandle kokukhazimula. Iphunga elibi noma “okotshani” — isizathu sokungabaza.
  * **Bheka intengo:** intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — uphawu lokukopelela.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ukumelana nezikhathi zokuthela ezingafika ku-15 kuyinkomba engavamile yamatiye aluhlaza. Iningi lamatiye aluhlaza adumile lamelana nezikhathi ezi-3–5 zokuthela; u-15 ileveli evame ukuhlotshaniswa nama-oolong noma ama-pu'er. Imfihlo isekujikajikeni okuphindwe kabili okuqinile kanye nokunotha kwezinto ezikhiphekayo, okubangelwa indawo.

* Ngo-1929, i-Guzhang Mao Jian yaba ngelinye lamatiye okuqala aluhlaza aseChina ukuthola indondo yamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kwe-Asia — embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe eParis. Lokhu kwakungaphambi kokuba iningi lamatiye aseChina liqale ukungena emakethe yomhlaba.

* Isifunda sase-Guzhang sisendaweni “yegolide yamashumi amathathu” enyakatho — umugqa ohlanganisa izifunda ezingcono kakhulu zetiye emhlabeni: kusukela e-Darjeeling yaseNdiya kuya e-Uji yaseJapane nase-Huangshan yase-Anhui.

* Ama-83% endawo yesifunda anenhlabathi equkethe i-nitrogen >1% — lokhu kungenye yezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu zemvelo phakathi kwezifunda zetiye zaseChina, okuqinisekisa ngokuqondile ukukhula kwama-amino acid etiyeni.

* I-Guzhang indawo yabantu base-Tujia nabase-Miao, lapho itiye lithatha indawo ebalulekile emikhubeni yokwamukela izihambeli nasemikhosini yomshado.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-Mao Jian:**

* **Xinyang Mao Jian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Isifundazwe sase-Henan. “Ama-hooks” acinene, aqondile anephunga le-chesnut eligqamile. I-Xinyang “isenyakatho” ngemvelo, inobumunyu obunamandla; i-Guzhang ithambile, imnandi futhi imelana kakhulu nokuthela.

* **Duyun Mao Jian ([都匀毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/douyun-mao-jian)):** Isifundazwe sase-Guizhou. “Ama-hooks okudoba” agobile “anama-green amathathu ahlanganiswe nokuphuzi”. I-Duyun inothe kakhulu ngama-polyphenols; i-Guzhang imile kahle futhi imelana kangcono.

* **Wufeng Mao Jian ([五峰毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wufeng-mao-jian)):** Isifundazwe sase-Hubei. Indawo yokuphila ngezintaba zase-Wuling. Ithambile futhi intekenteke; i-Guzhang iyanothe futhi inesimo esigqamile “se-selenium”.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Guzhang Mao Jian — itiye eliwukujwayela: amandla alo ayikho ekugqanyeni kokuphuza kokuqala, kodwa ekuvuleni kwaso kusukela ekuthelweni kuya ekuthelweni, kusukela ekushiseni kuya ekujuleni, kusukela ekuhlanzekeni kuya ebumnandini obubuyayo — futhi kanjalo kuze kube yisikhathi seshumi nesihlanu. Izintaba eziphakeme zase-Wuling, inhlabathi ye-purple slate enothe nge-selenium, ukuphola okunamafu, kanye namasiko eminyaka eyizinkulungwane abantu base-Tujia nabase-Miao — konke lokhu kufakwe kuyo yonke “inaliti” emincane e-silvery. Uma ufuna itiye eliluhlaza ongachitha ngalo inkomishi engaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa ubusuku bonke — i-Guzhang Mao Jian yakhelwe lokho.