---
title: "Gùshǐ yúnwù"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushi-yunwu
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Gùshǐ yúnwù (固始云雾)

**Gushi Yunwu** (*Gùshǐ yúnwù*, 固始云雾) — «amafu nenkungu yaseGushi»: igama letiye lesifunda saseGushi (固始县) emkhakheni wedolobha iXinyang eningizimu yesifundazwe saseHenan. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo № 5124386, umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseGushi (固始县茶叶协会); uphawu lusohlwini lukahulumeni lwezinkomba zezindawo ezibhalisiwe kusukela mhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2009. Ngetiye uqobo imibhalo etholakele imincane: akukho sigaba, akukho buchwepheshe, akukho zimfuneko zokubukeka okushiwo yimithombo yokuqala.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunakwa. Igama elithi «云雾» (*yúnwù*, «amafu nenkungu») — umfanekiso wendawo esezintabeni, hhayi inkomba yohlobo. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke Lezokuthuthukiswa Nokuguqulwa (2021), isifunda senza iXinyang Mao Jian, amatiye endawo aqanjwe ngamagama, itiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe (炒青绿茶), itiye elibomvu laseXinyang kanye ne-matcha; ukuthi impahla yophawu ingelaliphi kulawa, awukho umbhalo otholakele oshoyo. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kwango-2025 kuchaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza, kodwa lona ngumthombo ongathembekile (isigaba 5), futhi isigaba ngokwawo angisinikezi.
* **Isigaba:** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwesifunda; impahla ngokubhaliswa — «itiye» (茶).
* **Imvelaphi:** IChina, isifundazwe saseHenan (河南, *Hénán*), umkhandlu wedolobha iXinyang (信阳, *Xìnyáng*), isifunda saseGushi (固始, *Gùshǐ*).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Ayihloliwe. Isifunda sikhonjwe ngokomnikazi wophawu; umngcele osemthethweni wendawo angiwubonanga. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke, izisekelo zetiye zesifunda zisezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziseningizimu kanye namadolobhana: eChenlin (陈淋), eZushi (祖师), eWumiao (武庙), eDuanji (段集), eFangji (方集), kanye naseLiji (黎集), eZhaogang (赵岗), eGuolutan (郭陆滩), eZhanglaobu (张老埠) naseSanhejian (三河尖).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda saseGushi — cishe u-32,2° enyakatho kanye no-115,6° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye lesifunda.** Ngokokushicilelwa kweKomidi Likazwelonke Lezokuthuthukiswa Nokuguqulwa (2021), ukutshalwa kwetiye eGushi, ngokocwaningo (据考证), sekungaphezu kweminyaka engu-2300. Kusukela kumatiye endabuko «eketela elincane» (小锅茶) kanye netiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe kwakhula uhla lwamanje lwesifunda.
    * **1914.** Lokho kushicilelwa kufanayo kubhala ukuthi ngonyaka wesithathu weRiphabhuliki (1914) «固始云雾茶» labamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wemikhiqizo wasePanama futhi laduma. Ngomklomelo akushiwongo kukho. Amawebhusayithi adumile abhala kakade ngomklomelo; isiqinisekiso salokhu angisitholanga.
    * **Ukubhaliswa kophawu.** Uphawu № 5124386 (impahla — itiye, umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseGushi) lufakwe ohlwini lwezinkomba zezindawo ezibhalisiwe zoMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo mhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2009 kanye nasohlwini lweHhovisi Lezimpawu Zokuthengisa lwango-2012. Usuku lokubhaliswa kulolu hlu alukho.
    * **Isimo.** Ngokwerejista ka-2026, igama libhaliswe ngosuku lomthombo; ukuthi ukuvikelwa kusasebenza manje, akukaqinisekiswa.
    * **2024.** Iphephandaba iNongmin Ribao (农民日报) lakhuluma ngedolobhana iWangling (汪岭村) lesigodi saseChenlinzi (陈淋子镇): lapho kusebenza amakhophalethivu amakhulu etiye angu-13, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kukhula njengamakhowe emva kwemvula izinhlaka zetiye zendawo «固始云雾» kanye ne-«[高山茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gao-shan-cha)» — «itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme».
* **Igama:** 固始 — igama lesifunda; 云雾 — «amafu nenkungu». Amatiye amaningi asezintabeni aseChina abizwa kanjalo, futhi igama ngokwalo alibeki isigaba.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** IKomidi Likazwelonke libiza izimpawu zetiye ezintathu zesifunda ezinesimo «sohwebo oludumile lwaseChina» (中国驰名商标): «九华山», «[仰天雪绿](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yangtian-xue-lu)» kanye ne-«十八盘». IGushi Yunwu ayikho phakathi kwazo. INongmin Ribao ngo-2024 ibhala ukuthi izimpawu zetiye zaseGushi «九华山[毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/mao-jian)», «仰天雪绿» kanye ne-«青峰云雾» zaba uphawu lwetiye laseXinyang; i-«青峰云雾» nayo iyi-«yunwu» yesifunda, kodwa ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nophawu «固始云雾», ayishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Ophawu uqobo izinhlobo azishiwongo. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke (2021), ezivandeni zesifunda kukhula uhlobo lwendawo lwaseXinyang (信阳[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), *Xìnyáng qúntǐzhǒng*), i-福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*), i-[乌牛早](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuniu-zao) (*Wūniúzǎo*), i-舒茶早 (*Shūcházǎo*) kanye ne-龙井43 (*Lóngjǐng 43*). Izihlahla ezitshalwa ngembewu (有性系) zithatha izinkulungwane eziyi-119,5 ze-mu — amaphesenti angu-73,7 wezivande zesifunda, ezama-clone (无性系) — izinkulungwane ezingama-42,5 ze-mu, amaphesenti angu-26,3. Lena yimininingwane ngesifunda, hhayi ngetiye lophawu.
* **Ukuvuna nezinga lokuvuna:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Izimfuneko zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

**4. Indawo Yezulu Kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu yesifunda saseGushi — izigodi ezisezintabeni, ezibalulwe esigabeni 1. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kubeka izivande ekujuleni kwezintaba zaseDabie (大别山); incazelo esemthethweni yendawo angiyibonanga.
* **Isimo sezulu:** INongmin Ribao ibhala ngedolobhana iWangling njengendawo enesimo sezulu sasezintabeni eziphakeme, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi nobusuku nemini kanye nelanga eliningi. Izinombolo lolu shicilelo aluzinikezi.
* **Ubude:** Imininingwane esemthethweni ayikho. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kukhuluma ngezivande ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-800; lokhu akuqinisekiswanga ngumthombo wokuqala.
* **Inhlabathi:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Ububanzi bezivande zesifunda:** Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke, izinkulungwane eziyi-162 ze-mu ngo-2020. NgokweNongmin Ribao, ngo-2023 — izinkulungwane eziyi-165,5 ze-mu, kuzo izinkulungwane eziyi-135 ze-mu ziyizivande lapho kuvunwa khona, amathani angu-6600 etiye nenani lomkhiqizo eliyi-1 bhiliyoni yama-yuan. Lena yimininingwane yesifunda sonke ngokwabezindaba noMnyango, hhayi umkhiqizo wetiye «固始云雾».

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe beGushi Yunwu angiwutholanga. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kwango-2025 ngaphandle kombhali kubhala ngokuvunwa kweqhubu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kanye nomsebenzi wezandla: ukulungiswa, ukusontwa, ukuqondiswa, ukomiswa. Lokho kushicilelwa okufanayo angikuthembi: akubizi umbhali futhi endabeni ye-«固始云雾» kuveza, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa, umkhiqizo wesifunda sonke (amathani angu-6000 ngonyaka ka-2020 — ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke lena yinombolo yesifunda sonke).

Uma impahla yophawu iyitiye eliluhlaza, njengoba kubhala izincazelo ezidumile, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba lum kanje:

1.  **Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
2.  **Ukulungiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusontwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomiswa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Lona uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beGushi Yunwu.

**6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokubukeka:**

Umbhalo onezimfuneko zokubukeka awukho.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Iphunga lokuphuzwa:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Umbala wokuphuzwa:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Isiziba setiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe):** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Ukushicilelwa okudumile okungathembekile kwango-2025 kuchaza iqabunga njengelisontekile kahle futhi liminyene, ukuphuzwa — kuluhlaza okotshani futhi kukhanya, iqabunga eliphuziwe — lilingana futhi liphila (外形紧细卷曲、汤色嫩绿明亮、叶底匀整鲜活). Lokhu ngikunikeza njengencazelo yangomunye, hhayi njengokubukeka okuqinisekisiwe.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane yefiziksi namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

**8. Izinto Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphuza:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba asinakwa; izinkomba ezingezansi ngezetiye eliluhlaza, okukhulunywa ngalo ezincazelweni ezidumile.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu angu-3 ngamamililitha angu-150.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Kushisise isitsha.
    2. Kubekwe itiye bese kuthelwa amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Kuphuzwe, kushiywe ingxenye yokuphuzwa.
    5. Kuthelwe amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuthelwa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhohlisi:**

Imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni ethembekile ayikho. Amazinga entengo asukela ekushicilelweni okudumile angiwaphindi.

* **Ugwema kanjani imikhohlisi:**
    * Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «固始云雾» bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseGushi.
    * Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kokuvikelwa akukaqinisekiswa manje: uphawu ephaketheni kufanele luqhathaniswe nerejista.
    * Ungadidanisi ne-«青峰云雾» — lena wuphawu oluhlukile lwesifunda, ubudlelwane baso nophawu abunakwa.
    * Igama elithi «云雾» ephaketheni alanele: amatiye abizwa kanjalo ezifundazweni eziningi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* NgokweKomidi Likazwelonke, itiye elinegama elithi «固始云雾» laya emqhudelwaneni wasePanama ngo-1914 — cishe ikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba igama lingene ohlwini lwezinkomba zezindawo.
* Isimo «sohwebo oludumile lwaseChina» esifundeni sitholwe ezinye izimpawu zetiye — «九华山», «仰天雪绿» kanye ne-«十八盘», hhayi iGushi Yunwu.
* Esifundeni esisodwa kuhlala ama-«yunwu» amabili: uphawu «固始云雾» kanye nohlobo «青峰云雾».

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **Xinyang Mao Jian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyinhloko lomkhandlu iXinyang; ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke, lenziwa naseGushi.
* **Yangtian Xue Lü (仰天雪绿):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda elifanayo futhi elinye lamagama aso amathathu «adumile».
* **Xinyang Hong ([信阳红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-hong)):** Itiye elibomvu lomkhandlu, itiye elibomvu laseXinyang, ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke, nalo lisenhlwini yaseGushi.
* **Lushan Yun Wu ([庐山云雾](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lushan-yun-wu)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba iLushan eJiangxi — elinye lama-«yunwu» adume kakhulu eChina; neGushi lihlobene negama kuphela.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IGushi Yunwu — igama elaziwa kangcono kunetiye uqobo: uphawu lubhaliswe ngaphansi kwenhlangano yetiye yesifunda futhi lusohlwini lukahulumeni lwango-2009 no-2012, iKomidi Likazwelonke likhumbula umqhudelwano wasePanama wango-1914, kanti abezindaba bango-2024 bakhumbula idolobhana lasezintabeni iWanglin, lapho lesi sizinda sikhula khona kanye namakhophalethivu. Isigaba, ubuchwepheshe nokubukeka imibhalo ayikubizi, ngakho-ke encwadini yolwazi lena i-athikili yokubuka ngophawu, hhayi incazelo yokunambitheka. Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuqinisekisiwe kweXinyang, kufanele uye kwiXinyang Mao Jian naseYangtian Xue Lü yesifunda saseGushi.