---
title: "Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushi-huanggushan-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá (固始皇姑山茶)

**I-Gushi Huanggushan Cha** (*Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá*, 固始皇姑山茶) — «itiye lentaba i-Huanggushan yase-Gushi»: itiye eliluhlaza elivela entabeni i-Huanggushan (皇姑山) emaphethelweni asenyakatho e-Dabieshan, esifundeni sase-Wumiaoji esifundeni sase-Gushi (固始县) ngaphansi kwedolobha i-Xinyang, esifundazweni sase-Henan. Igama lentaba — «intaba yendodakazi yombusi» — indinganiso yendawo ilixhumanisa nombusi u-Qianlong. Kusukela ngo-2014 itiye livikelwa njengesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo esiqashelwa yi-CNIPA.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Izinga linqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuvela ezidingweni zokuvikelwa zika-2025: ngemva kokubuna, iqabunga liqiniswa ngokushisa (杀青), asikho isigaba se-oxidation, umbala weqabunga elomile — uluhlaza okotshani omnene.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni laseningizimu ye-Henan; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo (2025), kusukela ngo-2014 — futhi nesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Henan (河南, *Hénán*), idolobha i-Xinyang (信阳, *Xìnyáng*), isifunda sase-Gushi (固始, *Gùshǐ*), isifunda esingaphansi kwe-Wumiaoji (武庙集乡, *Wǔmiàojí xiāng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Indawo yesifunda i-Wumiaoji, intaba i-Huanggushan; ikakhulukazi amadolobhana ase-Changjianghe (长江河村), i-Suokou (锁口村) ne-Huangtuling (黄土岭村). Umfakisicelo ngo-2025 — uhulumeni wesifunda sase-Gushi.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Umbhalo unikeza uhlaka lwe-115°20′–115°56′ empumalanga nobude obungu-31°45′–32°35′ enyakatho — cishe sonke isifunda, hhayi indawo yezingadi.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Itiye lesifunda.** Incazelo yesibonakaliso sika-2014 ikhuluma ngeminyaka engu-2300 yokutshala itiye e-Gushi: ngo-1987 itiye latholakala phakathi kwezinto zasendulo zomngcwabo enkabeni yesifunda. Usuku — iNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo, ngokwenye incazelo — iNkathi Yentwasahlobo NeNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo.
    * **1908–1914 — uphawu.** Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao» (2018), uphawu lwe-«Huanggushan» lubalwa kusukela ngo-1908. NgoMashi 1912 umsunguli wepulazi u-Zhang Liangrong (张良荣) nomndeni wakhe basusa amahlathi emithambekeni ukuze bakhe ingadi, kwathi ngoMeyi 1914 itiye laqanjwa ngegama lentaba.
    * **1920–1930 — ubuchwepheshe.** Umndeni wafunda amasu avela e-Anhui Liu An Gua Pian nase-Huangshan Mao Feng; cishe ngo-1930 kwakheka uchungechunge oluthi «ukubuna — ukuqinisa — ukusonga — ukulungisa iqabunga» (摊放、杀青、揉捻、理条).
    * **2010.** Indinganiso yetiye lase-Huanggushan yafakwa ohlwini lwesibili lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha i-Xinyang.
    * **2013–2014.** Isicelo safakwa ngumfelandawonye wetiye wesifunda i-Xingnong (固始县兴农茶叶专业合作社); ngo-2013 sadlula ekuhlolweni kwe-Centre for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products yoMnyango Wezolimo, kwathi ngomhla ka-22 Meyi 2014 umnyango wagunyaza ukubhaliswa kwesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo.
    * **2025.** Ihhovisi likahulumeni lobunikazi bengqondo (CNIPA) ngesimemezelo esingu-Nu. 625 (esasayinwa ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-14 Ephreli) saqashela imikhiqizo engu-90, phakathi kwabo kukhona ne-Gushi Huanggushan Cha, njengemikhiqizo enezibonakaliso zendawo.
* **Igama:** 固始 — isifunda sase-Gushi; 皇姑山 — intaba i-Huanggushan, «intaba yendodakazi yombusi»; 茶 — itiye.
* **Indinganiso:** Ngendaba ephephandabeni nasezincazelweni, umbusi u-Qianlong, ehamba engaziwa, wangenwa umkhuhlane kulezi zintaba, futhi welashwa ngetiye lasentabeni yintombi yasezintabeni eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa u-Zhu Fenggu (朱凤姑). Umbusi kuthiwa waqamba itiye ngokuthi «Yuye Xiang» (玉叶香, *yùyè xiāng* — «iphunga leqabunga le-jade») futhi wamthatha intombi njengendodakazi yakhe yokutholwa; endleleni eya enhloko-dolobha washonela esiteshini seposi e-Xinyang, wangcwatshwa entabeni yakubo, futhi intaba yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Huanggushan. Izinhlobo ziyahluka, ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi yokuvuna itiye lenkantolo — i-guyu (谷雨) noma i-Qingming (清明). Incazelo ibhekisela ohlwini lozalo lomndeni wakwa-Zhu, kodwa umbhalo ngokwawo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao», ngo-2011 indinganiso yagqugquzela umdlalo womculo othi «Intwasahlobo Entabeni i-Huanggushan» (春满皇姑山), owaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo womncintiswano wetiyetha yesifundazwe.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Ngokwezidingo zika-2025 — izinhlobo zendawo zase-Xinyang (信阳本地种). Incazelo ka-2014 ikhuluma ngohlobo lwendawo lwe-benshan ([本山](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ben-shan)良种), olubizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwase-Xinyang (信阳种). Incazelo: isihlahla esifushane esinabile, iqabunga elimaphakathi, elide-elliptic, eliluhlaza okotshani obumnyama; ihlumela likhulu, linoboya obuningi. Abantu babiza uhlobo ngokuthi «itiye le-willow» (柳叶茶, *liǔyè chá*).
* **Ukuvuna:** Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi noMeyi.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Kusukela ehlumeleni elilodwa kuya ehlumeleni elinamaqabunga amabili.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INyakatho ye-Dabieshan, umfula i-Huaihe.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Izidingo zokuvikelwa zikhuluma ngendawo esezintabeni ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-600. Iphephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao» libiza ukuphakama kwentaba ngokwayo — amamitha angu-768, enye incazelo ikhuluma ngezingadi «ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800». Ukungafani akuxazululekile.
* **Inhlabathi:** Insundu ephuzi (黄棕壤), ene-asidi, i-pH 4.0–6.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwe-1.0%. Incazelo ka-2014 yengeza inhlabathi ensundu ngokuphuzi (黄褐土).
* **Isimo sezulu sesifunda** (ngokwencazelo ka-2014): ukuguquka kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya endaweni epholile efudumele; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-15.3 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-228, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora angu-2150.6, imvula ingu-1073.5 mm ngonyaka.
* **Indawo nokukhiqizwa:** Incazelo ka-2014 ikhombisa amahektha angama-400 omhlaba ofanele itiye namathani angama-240 etiye ngonyaka.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zika-2025 zinquma izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili:

1.  **Ukuhlunga kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶分级, *xiānyè fēnjí*):** UkuseFa ngokobumnene nobukhulu.
2.  **Ukubuna (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Isendlalelo esingu-3 cm, amahora angu-6–8, ukuphendula njalo emahoreni amabili; ukwehla kwesisindo cishe ngo-12%.
3.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** 110–120 °C, imizuzu engu-2.5–3 — kuze kuphele ukucwazimula nephunga lotshani; isiqu siyagoba kodwa singaphuli.
4.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Ngokomthetho othi «kancane — kakhulu — kancane», imizuzu engu-6–10; kusongwe ngaphezu kwe-95% yeqabunga.
5.  **Ukulungisa iqabunga (理条, *lǐtiáo*):** 90–100 °C, imizuzu engu-5–6, kuze kube yiqhekeza letiye eliminyene neliqondile; umswakama cishe ngu-25%.
6.  **Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, *chūhōng*):** Isendlalelo esingu-1 cm, 110–120 °C, imizuzu engu-10–12, kuze kube umswakama ongu-10–15%.
7.  **Ukupholisa (摊晾, *tānliàng*):** Amahora angu-4–6, kuze umswakama ulingane.
8.  **Ukomisa kwesibili (复烘, *fùhōng*):** 80 °C, imizuzu engu-25–30, kuze kube umswakama ongu-5–6%; ngemva kokuphola itiye liyavalwa.

Incazelo ka-2014 yayinikeza uhlelo oluhlukile, olwenziwa ngesandla: imbiza «eluhlaza» (生锅) ku-140–160 °C, imbiza «evuthiwe» (熟锅) ku-80–100 °C ngokulungisa amaqhekeza etiye ngesandla kanye nokufudumeza kathathu kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kwe-6%. Ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu manje, imithombo ayikusho.

**6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa zika-2025:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Iqhekeza letiye liminyene, lihle, liyindilinga futhi liqondile (条索紧秀圆直), ihlumela likhulu futhi ligcwele, umbala uluhlaza okotshani omnene.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomjeke:** Iphunga le-orchid (兰花香气).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokuvuselelayo, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽回甘).
* **Umbala womjeke:** «Umbala wehlumela le-willow» (柳芽黄), osobala futhi okhanyayo.
* **Izansi letiye (iqabunga eliphakiwe):** Limnene futhi lilingene, ngaphandle kokudabuka nokungcola.

Izincazelo zibiza umjeke ngokuthi uluhlaza okotshani (汤色碧绿); okuthathwa njengesisekelo umbhalo wokuvikelwa.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izindinganiso ziyefana encazelweni ka-2014 nasezidingweni zika-2025:

| Isibonakaliso | Izinga |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | okungenani ngu-2% |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | okungenani ngu-18% |
| I-vithamini C | okungenani ngu-130 mg/100 g |
| I-selenium | okungenani ngu-0.1 mg/kg |

Iwebhusayithi eyireferensi inikeza izinombolo eziphakeme — ama-polyphenol kusuka ku-19.6%, i-selenium kusuka ku-0.129 mg/kg — ngaphandle komthombo.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. I-selenium etafuleni — izinga lokuqukethwe, hhayi isithembiso senzuzo.

**9. Ukuphalaza:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Amanzi angu-80–85 °C, amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe. Amanzi athelwe ngasodongeni, ukujova kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60; phuza ushiya ingxenye yomjeke, bese uthelela futhi — ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Namafake:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emafakeni:**
    * Funani uphawu olukhethekile lwesibonakaliso sendawo: ilungelo lalo linikezwa umkhiqizi osendaweni yi-CNIPA ngokunconywa yisifunda nesifundazwe.
    * Ungadidanisi uphawu nesibonakaliso: ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«Huanggushan» (皇姑山), ngokwamawebhusayithi ayireferensi, kuthengiswa ne-Xinyang Mao Jian.
    * Iqabunga — liminyene, liyindilinga futhi liqondile, linehlumela elikhulu; umjeke — umbala wehlumela le-willow; iphunga — le-orchid.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* Indinganiso eyanikeza igama entabeni ngokwayo yaba yigugu elivikelwe: kusukela ngo-2010 isohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Xinyang.
* Iphephandaba libeka intaba emngceleni wamadolobhana ase-Suokou, e-Changjianghe nase-Huangling (黄岭); emibhalweni yokuvikela esikhundleni sokugcina kukhona i-Huangtuling (黄土岭).
* Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao», ngo-2017 itiye lathola isitifiketi somkhiqizo we-organic.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane:**

* **I-Xinyang Mao Jian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Itiye elikhulu lesifunda; uhlelo lwesandla luka-2014 lwe-Huanggushan Cha — olwase-Xinyang, olunezimbiza «eziluhlaza» ne«zivuthiwe».
* **I-Yangtian Xue Lü ([仰天雪绿](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yangtian-xue-lu)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo sase-Gushi, kodwa eliyisicaba.
* **I-Gushi Yunwu ([固始云雾](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushi-yunwu)):** Uphawu lwesitifiketi sesifunda esifanayo; isigaba asibaliwe.
* **I-Liu An Gua Pian ([六安瓜片](https://thetea.app/zu/article/liu-an-guapian)):** Itiye lase-Anhui, amasu alo, ngokwephephandaba, amukelwa ngumndeni womsunguli.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Gushi Huanggushan Cha — itiye eliluhlaza elincane lasentabeni elivela entabeni eyodwa emaphethelweni asenyakatho e-Dabieshan: amahektha angama-400 omhlaba ofanele, uhlobo lwendawo olunoboya, iqhekeza letiye eliyindilinga futhi eliqondile, umjeke onombala wehlumela le-willow nephunga le-orchid. Ngemuva kwalo kukhona uphawu lomndeni kusukela ngo-1908, indinganiso ngo-Qianlong kanye nokuvikelwa okubili — kuka-2014 no-2025.