---
title: "Gǔlìn niúpí chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/gulin-niupi-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Gǔlìn niúpí chá (古蔺牛皮茶)

**I-Gǔlìn Niúpí Chá** (*Gǔlìn niúpí chá*, 古蔺牛皮茶) itiye lesifunda saseGulin (古蔺县) emkhandlwini wedolobha iLuzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe saseSichuan kanye nohlobo lwendawo lwesihlahla setiye olufanayo. Igama elithi «Niúpí» (牛皮) lisho ukuthi «isikhumba senkomo»: igama linikezwe ngeqabunga elikhulu eliwugqinsi, hhayi ngesigaba setiye. Uhlobo luvela emfuleni iJiaozi Gou (椒子沟) eduze kwedolobhana laseZaolin (枣林村) elokishini laseGulin futhi ngo-1985 lwaqashelwa njengohlobo lwendawo lwesifundazwe. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (geographical certification mark) — ohlwini lwalezi zimpawu zaseSichuan ngoMashi 2018 selivele likhona. Isigaba asiqanjwanga ngophawu.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunqunyelwe: umqulu wophawu onesigaba angikawuboni. Incazelo yereferensi yohlobo ithi lufaneleka itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu; iziphathimandla zaseLuzhou zibiza i-«牛皮茶» ngokuthi kokubili uhlobo kanye negama letiye elenziwe, kepha isigaba abasisho.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lohlobo lwendawo lwaseningizimu yeSichuan; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, *Sìchuān*), umkhandlu wedolobha iLuzhou (泸州, *Lúzhōu*), isifunda saseGulin (古蔺, *Gǔlìn*). Ikhaya lohlobo — umfula iJiaozi Gou eduze kwedolobhana laseZaolin (枣林村) elokishini laseGulin (古蔺镇).
* **Indawo yophawu:** Uhlu lwaseSichuan lukhomba isifunda saseGulin njengendawo yokuphatha yomnini wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo uchazwa yizinga leqembu, umbhalo walo engingakawuboni.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** IGulin icishe ibe ngu-28.0° enyakatho kanye no-105.8° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umqulu womlando.** Iziphathimandla zaseLuzhou kanye nezindaba zesifunda zango-2017 zicaphuna umqulu wesifunda «古蔺县志»: «牛皮茶，曾为贡茶» — leli tiye «lake laba itiye lentela». Ukuthi lanikelwa nini futhi kubani, akushiwongo kucaphuno.
    * **1985.** Ikhomishana yezifundazwe yezinhlobo zezitshalo zasemapulazini yaliqashela njengohlobo lwendawo lwesifundazwe saseSichuan.
    * **2014.** Ikolishi lezengadi laseNyuvesi Yezolimo YaseSichuan lashicilela ephephandabeni i-«作物学报» (2014, No. 12) ucwaningo lohlobo: izitshalo ezingu-76 ezivela emiphakathini eyisikhombisa, ukwakheka, i-biochemistry, nezimpawu ze-ISSR.
    * **Uphawu.** Ohlwini lwezimpawu zezindawo zaseSichuan ngoMashi 2018, iGǔlìn Niúpí Chá isivele ikhona; incazelo yereferensi ithi unyaka wokubhaliswa — ngu-2017. Inombolo yophawu nomnikazi angikutholanga.
    * **2021.** Ngokombiko wangomhla zingama-28 kuNhlaba, uphiko lwesifunda lokuqondisa imakethe lwenze ukuhlolwa kwamazinga eqembu ezimpawu ezimbili zesifunda — «地理标志证明商标 古蔺面» (ama-noodle) kanye ne-«地理标志证明商标 古蔺牛皮茶». Amazinga achaza indawo, izidingo zekhwalithi, imithetho yokulawula, ukumaka nokupakisha; kwakuhlelwa ukuwethula ngemva kokushicilelwa endaweni kazwelonke. Ukuthi izinga laphuma yini, angikutholanga.
* **Igama:** 古蔺 — igama lesifunda, 牛皮 — «isikhumba senkomo», 茶 — itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-athikili ka-2014 ibiza iGǔlìn Niúpí Chá njengomthombo okhethekile wesihlahla setiye eSichuan futhi ixwayisa ukuthi indawo yabantu iyancipha ngenxa yesomiso nokungenelela komuntu. Ngokwezindaba zesifunda zango-2017, isisebenzi sophiko lwezamahlathi zesifunda sathola izihlahla ezindala zalolu hlobo ezindaweni eziningana zesifunda futhi salinganisela ubudala beziningi emakhulwini eminyaka; ukuhlolwa okuzimele angikutholanga.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi ngohlobo, ngaphandle uma kushiwongo ngenye indlela.

* **Uhlobo lwesihlahla:** Inani lembewu (有性系), isihlahla esincane, esinamaqabunga aphakathi, isikhathi esiphakathi, i-diploid. I-athikili ka-2014 icacisa ukuthi: emiphakathini yaseJiaozi Gou kugcwele izihlahla ezincane, kodwa emiphakathini emihlanu kweyisikhombisa kukhona nezihlahla ezincane noma izihlahla.
* **Isihlahla:** Side kakhulu, umqhele unwebekile, amagatsha ayivelakancane, amaqabunga ahleli cishe ngokuvundlile.
* **Iqabunga:** Liyi-elliptic noma liyi-elliptic elide, liluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, licwebezela, ingaphezulu livuvukele kancane, amazinyo ajulile futhi ayivelakancane, iqabunga liwugqinsi — yilapho igama livela khona.
* **Amahlumela:** Ubulelesi buphakathi; amahlumela ayikhulu e-«hlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amathathu» anesisindo cishe sama-61.0 g. Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngezinsuku ezingu-7–10 ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo zendawo; amahlumela makhulu.
* **Imbali nembewu:** I-corolla icishe ibe ngu-2.9 cm, amacembe ayisishiyagalombili, insika ihlukaniswe kathathu; imbewu icishe ibe ngu-1.4 cm.
* **Ukuqina:** Ukumelana nesomiso kuphakeme kakhulu, ukuthela kuphakathi.
* **Ukusatshalaliswa:** Ngokwe-athikili ka-2014 — kuphela iJiaozi Gou nezintaba namagquma azungezile; izitshalo lapho ikakhulukazi zasendle nezingaphandle.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Iningizimu yeSichuan; ngokwe-athikili ka-2014, isifunda sisekuguqukeleni ukusuka emgodini waseSichuan kuya ethafeni laseGuizhou.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** I-athikili ka-2014: umnyombo wesibalo — ihlathi laseJiaozi Gou ku-900–1100 m, yonke indawo — cishe u-20 km² ku-800–1200 m. Iziphathimandla zaseLuzhou: isizinda setiye — izindawo zaseBaisha Po (白沙坡), Jiaozi Gou kanye neFengyuan Po (凤元坡) ku-600–1200 m.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwe-athikili ka-2014 — ihlobo liyashisa, ubusika bubandza, imvula incane uma kuqhathaniswa, ehlobo kuvame isomiso. Iziphathimandla zaseLuzhou, ngokuphambene, zibhala ngemvula eningi.
* **Inhlabathi:** Imininingwane ngokwakheka nezilinganiso ze-acidity ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izikhathi zokuvuna:** Ngokwamazwi omkhandi wetiye wendawo ezindabeni zango-2017, ngenxa yokuphakama leli tiye livunwa ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kweshumi ngemuva kwesikhathi kunasendaweni ephansi; incazelo yereferensi ethi «ngezinsuku ezingu-7–10 ngaphambi» — ukuqhathanisa nemiphakathi engomakhelwane.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Umbhalo onobuchwepheshe bophawu angikawuboni; izinga leqembu lango-2021, ngokombiko wesifunda, kufanele lihlele nokucubungula, kodwa umbhalo walo awukho.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezigaba, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye: okuluhlaza — ukuqedwa, ukusonteka, ukomiswa; okubomvu — ukubuna, ukusonteka, i-oxidation, ukomiswa. Ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo kanye neziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa kwiGǔlìn Niúpí Chá, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Izincazelo — zivela ku-athikili yereferensi nasemazwini ommeleli wenkampani yendawo ezindabeni zango-2017; isigaba abasibizi, futhi akusona sidingo sophawu.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Licinene, ligobe kancane, liluhlaza, linobulelesi obumhlophe obuningi (紧致微曲，白毫嵌绿).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshwala obusetshenziselwa ukuphuza:** Linephunga le-castnut (栗香) — zonke izincazelo ezitholakele ziyalisho.
* **Ukunambitheka:** Lithambile futhi eligcwele, linokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva; itiye limelana nokuthelwa kaningi (醇厚回甘，耐冲泡).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi — uhlanzekile futhi ucwebezela; ezindabeni zango-2017 — uphuzi futhi ucwebezela (汤色黄亮).
* **Isizinda setiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe):** Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi — lilingana, liphuzi-luhlaza, licwebezela; ezindabeni zango-2017 — liluhlaza okotshani obuthambile.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

I-athikili yereferensi inikeza amasethi amabili ezinombolo, futhi awaqondani:

| Isilinganiso | Amahlumela entwasahlobo e-«hlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili», isampula elomile | «Iqabunga elisha», ngokwencwadi ethi «Itiye laseSichuan» (《四川茶叶》) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ama-polyphenol | 25.1 % | 29.27 % |
| I-caffeine | 4.5 % | 4.15 % |
| Ama-amino acid | cishe u-2.1 % | akukho mininingwane |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | akukho mininingwane | 45.17 % |

Alikho isethi elisho unyaka noma indlela yokuhlaziya. I-athikili ka-2014 yanikeza emigudwini eyisikhombisa ukwahluka kwama-polyphenol emahlumeleni entwasahlobo ku-22.57–30.17 %. Lena imininingwane ngempahla eluhlaza yohlobo, hhayi ngetiye elenziwe.

**8. Izinzuzo Ezisetshenziswayo:**

Akukho mininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba — imingcele incike ekutheni yiliphi itiye elivela kulolu hlobo osandleni sakho.

* **Okuluhlaza:** 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ukuthela kokuqala imizuzwana engu-40–60, ingilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu.
* **Okubomvu:** 90–95 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ukuthela kokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa, i-gaiwan noma itiye le-porcelain, ukuphindwa kaningana ngokwelula isikhathi.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza — ephaketheni elivaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Okubomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ephaketheni eliminyene, kude namaphunga.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi:**

Imininingwane ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ungazigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:**
    * Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-«古蔺牛皮茶».
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseGulin.
    * Khumbula ukuthi i-«牛皮茶» akulona igama eliyingqayizivele: endabeni ngesifunda saseYunnan iBangdong (邦东乡), elinye lamafomu etiye lasendle lendawo libizwa ngalo. Lesi esinye isitshalo futhi esinye isifunda.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Igama letiye linikezwe iqabunga: «isikhumba senkomo» — umfanekiso weqabunga eliwugqinsi neliqinile.
* Ngokwencwadi ethi «Itiye laseSichuan», ecashunwa yiziphathimandla zaseLuzhou, isivuno salolu hlobo siphezulu ngo-36.49 % kunezinye izinhlobo.
* Izinga lophawu lwetiye lahlolwa ndawonye nezinga lama-noodle aseGulin.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **IJunlian Hong Cha ([筠连红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/junlian-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseYibin eningizimu yeSichuan, futhi elakhelwe ohlotsheni lwendawo — iZaobai Jian (早[白尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/bai-jian)).
* **IYibin Zao Cha ([宜宾早茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yibin-zaocha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni laseYibin eningizimu yeSichuan.
* **IBeichuan Taizi Cha ([北川苔子茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/beichuan-taizi-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yomgodi waseSichuan, futhi eliqanjwe ngesihlahla setiye sendawo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IGǔlìn Niúpí Chá — ngaphambi kwakho konke uhlobo: inani lembewu elineqabunga eliwugqinsi elimnyama-luhlaza, elasendle nelingaphandle emfuleni iJiaozi Gou, elaqashelwa yisifundazwe ngo-1985. Ngaphansi kwegama laso kubhaliswe uphawu lwezindawo, kodwa ukuthi yiliphi itiye elivikelayo — okuluhlaza, okubomvu noma kokubili — akushiwongo emibhalweni etholakele. Izincazelo zihlangana ephungeni le-castnut, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokuqina ekuthelweni; kuze kube semibhalweni yezinga leqembu, lokhu kungcono kakhulu okukhona.