---
title: "Guìzhōu hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/guizhou-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Guìzhōu hóngchá (贵州红茶)

**Guizhou Hong Cha** (*Guìzhōu hóngchá*, 贵州红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifundazwe saseGuizhou njengesigaba. Izinga lesifundazwe i-DB52/T 641—2017 lilichaza kanje: itiye elibomvu elenziwe ngeqabunga elisha lamahlahla etiye akhule endaweni yaseGuizhou, ngemithetho yesifundazwe yokucubungula itiye le-gongfu elibomvu (工夫红茶, *gōngfū hóngchá*) noma itiye eligayiwe (红碎茶, *hóngsuìchá*). Lokhu akulona uhlobo lwesihlahla, akulona uphawu lwentengiso, futhi akusilo isitayela esisodwa, kodwa uhlaka olujwayelekile lwesifundazwe: ngaphakathi kwalo izinga lihlukanisa itiye elisontekile, eliyimbumbulu neligayiwe, kanti amatiye abomvu aqanjwe ngegama esifundazweni, ngokwesibonelo i-Zunyi Hong, i-Pu'an Hong ne-Fanjingshan Hong, anamazinga awo siqu. Eduze kwegama elisemthethweni kutholakala elifushane elithi 黔红 (*Qiánhóng*): uhlamvu 黔 yigama elifushane laseGuizhou. Akulona igama elisemthethweni lesigaba. Emithonjeni yesiShayina etholakele, i-黔红 ivela njengophawu lwetiye elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lepulazi elilodwa ngawo-1950, ngokulandisa kwephephandaba kwencazelo kafakazi, ekuqaleni kwalelo phephandaba njengegama letiye elibomvu laseMeitan ngawo-1940, nanjengokubizwa kwesampula emsebenzini owodwa wesayensi wezi-2021, kanti ngesiRashiya igama elithi "qianhong" litholakala emlayezweni owodwa esithangamini setiye sango-2012.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), isigaba esivutshelwe ngokuphelele sohlelo lokuhlukanisa ngemibala eyisithupha. Isigaba sibekwa ubuchwepheshe: imithetho yesifundazwe i-DB52/T 639—2023 ichaza itiye le-gongfu elibomvu njengetiye elenziwe ngokubuna, ukusonteka, ukuvutshelwa nokomiswa, futhi ihambisa kulo itiye elisontekile (红条茶, *hóngtiáochá*) netiye eliyimbumbulu (珠型红茶, *zhūxíng hóngchá*). Itiye elibomvu eligayiwe lingena esigabeni ngezinga lomkhiqizo; imithetho yalo yokucubungula (DB52/T 640—2023) ayixoxwa kulesi sihloko.
* **Isigaba:** Isigaba sesifundazwe setiye elibomvu esibekwe izinga lomkhiqizo. Akulona uhlobo lwesitshalo, akulona uphawu lwentengiso, akusona isitayela esisodwa futhi akusilo iqembu. Izinga liyisincomo, lokhu kuboniswa ngu-«/T» enombolweni yalo; ukuthi liyisibopho kulo lonke itiye elibomvu lesifundazwe, umbhalo walo awusho.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-Shayina, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, *Guìzhōu*). Ngokwencazelo yezinga iqabunga kufanele likhule endaweni yesifundazwe; incazelo ayisho izifunda, ukuphakama noma izinhlobo, kanti imithetho yokucubungula idinga kuphela izinhlobo ezifanele itiye elibomvu.
* **Izinga lomkhiqizo:** I-DB52/T 641—2017 «贵州红茶», igama lesiNgisi ezingeni ngokwalo yi-Guizhou Black Tea. Likhishwe ngomhla ka-18 Agasti 2017, lisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-18 Januwari 2018. Lamukelwa futhi lakhishwa wuphiko lwesifundazwe lokulawula ikhwalithi nokuhlola ubuchwepheshe (贵州省质量技术监督局), laphakanyiswa ikomidi lesifundazwe lezolimo (贵州省农业委员会), liphethwe ikomidi lobuchwepheshe lesifundazwe lokumiswa kwetiye (贵州省茶叶标准化技术委员会); phakathi kwabakhi bokuqala kubhalwe i-Research Institute of Tea ye-Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences (贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所). Ngo-Okthoba 2026, inkundla kazwelonke yamazinga endawo ibala njengosebenzayo (现行, *xiànxíng*). Lithathe indawo yezinga lika-2010 «贵州工夫红茶», okungukuthi itiye le-gongfu elibomvu laseGuizhou.
* **Imithetho yokucubungula:** I-DB52/T 639—2023 «贵州红茶 工夫红茶加工技术规程» (itiye le-gongfu elibomvu) ne-DB52/T 640—2023 «贵州红茶 红碎茶加工技术规程» (itiye elibomvu eligayiwe). Zombili zakhishwa ngomhla ka-4 Disemba 2023, zisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Mashi 2024 futhi zithathe indawo yezinhlelo zango-2010. Igama lemithetho ye-gongfu linikezwe ngokwekhava yombhalo; ekhadini lerejista yamazinga libhalwe ngendlela ehluke kancane, okungukuthi «贵州红茶 [工夫茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gongfu-cha)加工技术规程».
* **Amazinga kazwelonke:** Ngezinkomba ezingekho embhalweni wesifundazwe, izinga lidlulisela itiye elisontekile neliyimbumbulu kuzwelonke GB/T 13738.2 (itiye le-gongfu elibomvu), kanti eliga yiwe ku-GB/T 13738.1 (itiye elibomvu eligayiwe).
* **Inkomba yendawo:** Isimo asikatholakali: amarejista ezinkomba zendawo nezimpawu zokuhweba zamagama 贵州红茶 noma 黔红 awazange ahlolwe.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Azinikezwa: isigaba sihlanganisa sonke isifundazwe, kanti incazelo yezinga ayisho izifunda ngaphakathi kwaso.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **1940 — «湄红».** Iphephandaba i-«Guizhou Ribao» (贵州日报, *Guìzhōu rìbào*) ngo-2014 labhala ukuthi ngo-1940 epulazini lokuhlola letiye laseMeitan (湄潭实验茶场, *Méitán shíyàn cháchǎng*) bakwazi ngempumelelo ukukhiqiza itiye elibomvu futhi baliqamba ngokuthi «湄红» (*Méihóng*), kwathi ngemva kwalokho lasakazwa kabanzi. Umthombo wokuqala, imibiko yepulazi noma imisebenzi yangaleso sikhathi, awutholakalanga.
    * **Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwepulazi.** Ngokwalelo phephandaba, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuna okugcwele kwepulazi kuze kube ngawo-1970, lalithumela minyaka yonke kwamanye amazwe kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-2 万担 (*wàn dàn*, kusukela ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili ama-dan) etiye elibomvu. Umusho usesigabeni nge-«湄红» nangepulazi lokuhlola; iphephandaba alixhumanisi lezi zibalo nophawu lwe-«黔红». I-dan (担, *dàn*) iyisilinganiso sendabuko; lapha ayiguqulelwa emathanini.
    * **1950s — uphawu «黔红».** Kulolo shicilelo, owayesebenza epulazini likahulumeni letiye laseMeitan (国营湄潭茶场, *guóyíng Méitán cháchǎng*) ulandisa ukuthi ngo-1952 waqala ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwetiye le-gongfu elibomvu, kwathi eminyakeni emibili kamuva itiye elibomvu laleli pulazi ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«黔红» lalithengiswa kahle phesheya ngezikhumulo zemikhumbi zaseShanghai naseGuangzhou. Lobu ubufakazi bomuntu oyedwa ekulandiseni kwephephandaba: imibhalo yepulazi, yasemngceleni noma amalebula okuthumela phesheya ayengakufakazela awatholakalanga. Akusho ukuthi i-黔红 yigama lawo wonke amatiye abomvu esifundazwe.
    * **Iphephandaba elilodwa, amagama amabili.** Lolo shicilelo embhalweni walo oyinhloko lubiza isampula lango-1940 ngokuthi «湄红», kanti ebhokisini lubhala nge-«黔红», eyahlolwa ngempumelelo eMeitan ngawo-1940. Ukuthi la magama ahlobana kanjani, imithombo ayikucacisi.
    * **2010.** Kwakhishwa izinga lomkhiqizo «贵州工夫红茶» (DB52/T 641-2010) nemithetho yokucubungula yohlelo olufanayo (DB52/T 639-2010 ne-DB52/T 640-2010).
    * **2017.** Izinga lomkhiqizo laphinde lakhishwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi «贵州红茶» (DB52/T 641—2017). Ngokwesandulelo salo, uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo luka-2010, kushintshiwe igama, amagama nezincazelo, izigaba zomkhiqizo, izinkomba ze-organoleptic, ezomzimba nezamakhemikhali nezinye, kwathi futhi kwanezelwa izidingo zokucubungula. Ukuthi itiye eligayiwe lalingena esigabeni ngaphambi kuka-2017, akwaziwa: isandulelo sohlelo olusha sikhuluma kuphela ngoshintsho lwezigaba zomkhiqizo.
    * **2023.** Imithetho yokucubungula yaphinde yakhishwa (DB52/T 639—2023 ne-DB52/T 640—2023); izinhlelo ezintsha zisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Mashi 2024.
* **Igama:**
    * **贵州红茶** (*Guìzhōu hóngchá*) — «itiye elibomvu laseGuizhou», igama elisemthethweni lesigaba ezingeni elisebenzayo. 贵州 yigama lesifundazwe, 红茶 kusho «itiye elibomvu»: kanjalo kubizwa ekuhlukaniseni kwesiShayina itiye ngesiNgisi elibizwa ngokuthi black, yingakho kuthiwa yi-Guizhou Black Tea egameni lesiNgisi lezinga.
    * **贵州工夫红茶** (*Guìzhōu gōngfū hóngchá*) — «itiye le-gongfu elibomvu laseGuizhou», igama lezinga elifanayo ohlelweni lwango-2010.
    * **黔** (*Qián*) — igama elifushane elisemthethweni lesifundazwe saseGuizhou, kanye no-贵 (*Guì*). Ngakho-ke i-黔红 ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi «okubomvu kwaseGuizhou».
    * **黔红** (*Qiánhóng*) — emithonjeni etholakele le nhlanganisela itholakala kuphela ngezincazelo ezincane: uphawu lomlando lwetiye elithunyelwa phesheya lepulazi likahulumeni laseMeitan lango-1950 (ngokulandisa kwephephandaba, bheka ngenhla), igama letiye elibomvu laseMeitan lango-1940 ebhokisini lalelo phephandaba (embhalweni walo oyinhloko leli tiye libizwa ngokuthi «湄红») kanye nokubizwa kwesampula emsebenzini wesayensi wezi-2021 (bheka isigaba 7). Embhalweni wezinga i-DB52/T 641—2017 igama elithi 黔红 alikho, kanti isizindalwazi sikazwelonke samazinga endawo ngamagama asemqoka athi «黔红» noma «黔红茶» asitholi irekhodi elilodwa. Imithombo ayinikezi ukubhalwa kwethoni; encazelweni yesiNgisi yomsebenzi wesayensi kubhalwe i-Qianhong; i-*Qiánhóng* iyindlela ejwayelekile yokufunda amagama.
    * **«Qianhong»** — ukudluliswa kwesiRashiya kwaleyo nhlanganisela. Esithangamini esisodwa setiye sesiRashiya ngo-2012 umhlanganyeli wabiza amatiye e-gongfu abomvu aseGuizhou ngokuthi «ama-qianhong». Lokhu ukuphela kokusetshenziswa okutholakele, futhi kakade kuyisigaba esisemthethweni: ku-贵州红茶 ngezinga kufakwa netiye eligayiwe.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ngendawo yesigaba esikweni lendawo imithombo eqinisekisiwe ayisho lutho. Okunye kuyabonakala: isifundazwe sichaza itiye laso elibomvu ngeqoqo lezincwadi, okuyizinga elijwayelekile lomkhiqizo, imithetho yokucubungula ye-gongfu neyetiye eligayiwe kanye namazinga ahlukene amatiye aqanjwe ngegama. Isayensi nayo ibheka itiye elibomvu laseGuizhou elithunyelwa phesheya njengesihloko esihlukile: umsebenzi wezi-2026 kujenali ethi «食品工业科技» (*Shípǐn gōngyè kējì*) wahlola amatiye abomvu angama-21 athunyelwa phesheya esifundazweni. Futhi ngokobufakazi bephephandaba, itiye elibomvu laseMeitan ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«黔红» lalithengiswa kahle phesheya kakade ngawo-1950.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Uhlobo:** Isihlahla setiye (*Camellia sinensis*); izinga alicacisi uhlobo oluncane.
* **Izinhlobo / Cultivar:** Incazelo yezinga lomkhiqizo ayisho izinhlobo. Imithetho yokucubungula idinga «izinhlobo ezifanele itiye elibomvu» (适制红茶的品种, *shìzhì hóngchá de pǐnzhǒng*) futhi ayibaluli izinhlobo ezithile. Izinhlobo zibalulwa kuphela ezingeni letiye eliqanjwe ngegama elihlukile: izinga le-Zunyi Hong likhuluma ngeqabunga lezinhlobo zochungechunge lwe-黔湄 (*Qiánméi*) nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele. I-黔湄 uchungechunge lwezinhlobo zesihlahla setiye, hhayi itiye.
* **Ukuvuna:** Imithetho eqinisekisiwe yezinga nemithetho ayisho izikhathi zokuvuna.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ngokwemithetho i-DB52/T 639—2023 iqabunga elisha le-gongfu lingaba ibud elilodwa (单芽, *dānyá*), ibud elineqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, *yī yá yī yè*), ibud elinamacembe amabili kuya kwamathathu (一芽二三叶, *yī yá èr sān yè*) noma iqabunga le-对夹叶 (*duìjiāyè*) elilingana nalo ngobumnene; kanjalo kubizwa ihlumela eliqabunga laso eliphambili liyekile ukukhula.
* **Izidingo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo:** Into esemqoka edingwa yizinga lomkhiqizo ukuthi iqabunga kufanele likhule esifundazweni saseGuizhou. Ezinye izidingo zeqabunga elisha azilandiswa lapha.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Sonke isifundazwe saseGuizhou. Isigaba sibekwa indawo lapho iqabunga likhula khona nendlela yokucubungula, hhayi indawo ethile ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Incazelo yezinga ayikhulumi ngesimo sezulu, kanti izincazelo eziphathelene naso sonke isigaba azikho emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.
* **Ukuphakama kwendawo:** Ayikho imininingwane yesigaba; incazelo ayisho ukuphakama.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ayikho imininingwane yesigaba.
* **Umngcele wetiye eliqanjwe ngegama:** Izinga le-Zunyi Hong likhuluma ngeqabunga elitshalwe ngaphakathi kweZunyi nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane ezinendawo efanayo. Ukuthi lezi zindawo ezingomakhelwane zifinyelela kude kangakanani, incwadi ayikucacisi. Ngezindawo zamanye amatiye aqanjwe ngegama esifundazweni, bheka izihloko zawo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwemithetho yesifundazwe i-DB52/T 639—2023 lwetiye le-gongfu elibomvu. Ukuthi umkhiqizi ngamunye ulandela kangakanani lolu hlelo, incwadi ayisho. Kunikezwa kuphela izinhlinzeko ezifakazelwe zemithetho; eminye imisebenzi yohlelo nezindlela zayo azilandiswa lapha. Imithetho yetiye eligayiwe (DB52/T 640—2023) ayixoxwa lapha, kanti izinga lomkhiqizo lidlulisela itiye eligayiwe ngezinto ze-organoleptic nezinkomba kuzwelonke GB/T 13738.1.

1. **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Izindlela ezimbili, emikhombeni enomoya ophephayo (槽式萎凋, *cáoshì wěidiāo*) kanye nokulawulwa kohlelo (程控萎凋, *chéngkòng wěidiāo*). Kuzo zombili izimo kubunwa amahora angu-10 kuya kwangu-18, kuze kube umswakama weqabunga ufinyelela ku-(63 ± 1) %. Endleleni yohlelo imithetho ibeka futhi ubukhulu bongqimba, izinga lokushisa lomoya elingu-25–30 °C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-65–70 %; ukuthi lolu hlelo luyini, incwadi ayikucacisi.
2. **Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Iqabunga liyasontwa kuze kube amabud namacembe asondeka aqine abe yimicu futhi kuphume ijusi elincane. Amaseli kufanele acekelwe phansi okungenani angama-80 %.
3. **Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*):** Kusukela emahoreni angu-2.5 kuya kwangu-4.0 ezingeni lokushisa lasendlini elingu-22–28 °C, nokunyakazisa njalo ngemizuzu engama-20. Umthetho wokuvutshelwa ubhalwe ngefomula ethi 宁轻勿重 (*nìng qīng wù zhòng*), okungcono ukungavutshi kahle kunokuvutsha ngokweqile.
4. **Ukubumba (做形, *zuòxíng*):** Itiye eliyimbumbulu libunjwa emshinini we-曲毫机 (*qūháojī*) ngamaphasi amathathu. Itiye elisontekile alidingi ukubunjwa.
5. **Ukomisa okuphelele (足火, *zúhuǒ*):** Ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-90 °C, kuze kube umswakama wetiye wehlela ngaphansi kuka-6.5 %.
6. **Ukuqedela (精制, *jīngzhì*):** Ngokwezidingo zesifundazwe i-DB52/T 632.

Izinga lomkhiqizo lixhumanisa zombili izingxenye: itiye elibomvu laseGuizhou ngokwencazelo yalo libhekwa njengetiye elenziwe ngokwemithetho i-DB52/T 639 noma i-DB52/T 640.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Isigaba asinayo iphrofayili eyodwa yokunambitheka: sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zetiye, kanti etiyeni elisontekile neliyimbumbulu kunezigaba ezintathu, kanye neqabunga elivela kuso sonke isifundazwe. Ngezansi kunezidingo ezijwayelekile zezinga ngetiye elisontekile lesigaba esiphezulu (特级, *tèjí*) kanye neziphetho zomsebenzi owodwa wezi-2026 ngezampula ezingama-21 ezithunyelwa phesheya. Lena incazelo yesigaba ngokwezinga kanye nemiphumela yezampula ezithile, hhayi isithombe salo lonke itiye elibomvu laseGuizhou. Umkhawulo ophansi wekhwalithi yesigaba ngasinye ubekwa izinga hhayi ngamagama etafuleni, kodwa ngamasampula omzimba ayisilinganiso (实物标准样, *shíwù biāozhǔnyàng*).

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Etiyeni elisontekile lesigaba esiphezulu, 条索紧细，褐润，匀整 (*tiáosuǒ jǐnxì, hèrùn, yúnzhěng*): imicu eqinile emincane, ensundu ecwebezelayo, elinganayo. Itiye eliyimbumbulu lisontekwe laba yizinhlamvu, izidingo zetiyee eligayiwe zingaphansi kwe-GB/T 13738.1. Phakathi kwezampula ezingama-21 ezithunyelwa phesheya zomsebenzi wezi-2026 kwakukhona amatiye asontekile, asontekile futhi agoqekile, amapuleti kanye netiye eligayiwe.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.
* **Iphunga lensipho:** Kukholamu yephunga (香气, *xiāngqì*) izinga lidings etiyeni elisontekile lesigaba esiphezulu 甜香高，持久 (*tiánxiāng gāo, chíjiǔ*), okuyiphunga eliphezulu elimnandi, elihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokwesifinyezo somsebenzi wezi-2026 izampula ze-gongfu zinephunga lezimbali nezithelo (花果香, *huāguǒ xiāng*).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Isigaba esiphezulu setiye elisontekile ngu-醇爽 (*chúnshuǎng*), okupholile futhi okusha. Ngokwesifinyezo somsebenzi wezi-2026 amatiye e-gongfu amnandi futhi athambile (甜醇, *tiánchún*), kanti agayiwe agcwele futhi athambile (浓醇, *nóngchún*); ngokokuhlola okuhlanganisiwe kwababhali izampula ze-gongfu zibe ngcono kunalezo ezigayiwe. Isiphetho senziwe ngezampula ezingama-21.
* **Umbala wensipho:** Isigaba esiphezulu setiye elisontekile ngu-红亮 (*hóngliàng*), obomvu futhi okhanyayo. Ezampuleni ezigayiwe zomsebenzi wezi-2026 insipho nayo ibomvu futhi ikhanyayo.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliseliphekwe):** Isigaba esiphezulu setiye elisontekile ngu-红匀 (*hóngyún*), umbala obomvu olinganayo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Izinkambiso zezinga:** Etiyeni elisontekile neliyimbumbulu izinto ezincibilika emanzini (水浸出物, *shuǐ jìnchūwù*) kufanele zibe okungenani ama-33.0 % esigabeni esiphezulu, ama-31.0 % esigabeni sokuqala nama-29.0 % esigabeni sesibili; umswakama (水分, *shuǐfèn*) awukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5 % ezigabeni eziphezulu nezokuqala futhi awukho ngaphezu kuka-7.0 % esigabeni sesibili. Lawa amazinga ajwayelekile, hhayi izilinganiso zemakethe. Ezinye izinkomba zingaphansi kwe-GB/T 13738.2.
* **Ushukela oncibilikayo:** Emsebenzini wezi-2021 kujenali ethi «食品科学» (*Shípǐn kēxué*) ngezampula eziyi-17 zetiye le-gongfu elibomvu ezifundeni eziyinhloko zetiye zaseShayina, izampula ezibhalwe [英红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ying-hong-1-hao) (*Yīnghóng*), 海红 (*Hǎihóng*), [信阳红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-hong) (*Xìnyánghóng*), 宜红 (*Yíhóng*), 越红 (*Yuèhóng*), «黔红» ne-祁红 (*Qíhóng*) zinoshukela oncibilikayo ongaphezu kuka-4 %. Ukuthi isampula ye-«黔红» yathathwa kuphi, zingaki futhi ubani owayenza, isifinyezo asisho, kanti umbhalo ogcwele womsebenzi awutholakali. Isibalo siphathelene nezampula zocwaningo, hhayi wonke amatiye aseGuizhou.
* **Okujwayelekile esigabeni:** Njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu, ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa ingxenye yama-catechin i-oxidize ibe ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, anikeza insipho umbala obomvu nokunambitheka okugcwele; eqabungeni kukhona i-caffeine nama-amino acid, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine. Azikho izibalo ezingachaza isigaba saseGuizhou sisonke emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela wamatiye abomvu aseGuizhou ngokuqondile: imisebenzi etholakele igxile kwikhwalithi, ukunambitheka nokwakheka, hhayi empilweni. Njenganoma yiliphi itiye elivela eqabungeni lesihlahla setiye, itiye elibomvu liqukethe i-caffeine, okuyinto okufanele icatshangelwe yilabo abayilinganisela.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Izinga, imithetho nemisebenzi etholakele akunikezi izincomo zokwenziwa kwetiye ekhaya. Ngezansi kunomkhuba, njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu, hhayi izidingo zamatiye aseGuizhou.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g ngama-150 ml amanzi.
* **Impahla:** I-gaiwan (盖碗, *gàiwǎn*) noma imbiza encane yobumba lwe-porcelain; enkomishini emhlophe umbala wensipho ubonakala kahle.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza impahla ngamanzi abilayo.
    2. Beka itiye.
    3. Ukugeza akudingekile; uma ufisa thela amanzi etiyeni bese uwasula ngokushesha.
    4. Insipho yokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa etiyeni elisontekile neliyimbumbulu; itiye eligayiwe likhipha insipho ngokushesha, ngakho isikhathi sivame ukuncishiswa.
    5. Khipha insipho ngokuphelele ukuze iqabunga lingahlali emanzini isikhathi eside.
    6. Phinda ukwenza itiye, ngaso sonke isikhathi wengeze kancane isikhathi sokumisa, kuze kube ukunambitheka kuphela.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Izinga lomkhiqizo lisho impilo yeshalofu yezinyanga ezingama-36, uma kuhlangatshezwana nezimo zokugcina ezibekwa yilo. Imininingwane ngokuvuthwa kwamatiye abomvu aseGuizhou emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe ayikho. Okulandelayo ngumkhuba, njengasematiyeni amaningi abomvu: ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuqinile nokungenakukhanya, indawo eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, kude nephunga langaphandle. Isitha esikhulu umswakama.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Azikho izinkomba zentengo emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe. Isigaba sihlanganisa itiye elisontekile neliyimbumbulu lezigaba ezintathu kanye netiye eligayiwe, ngakho igama elilodwa ephaketheni alisho lutho ngentengo.

* **Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi nokudideka:**
    * **Igama lesigaba akulona uhlobo.** «贵州红茶» ephaketheni likhuluma kuphela ngesifundazwe nesigaba. Kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi itiye lini, elisontekile, eliyimbumbulu noma eligayiwe, kanye nokuthi lilisiphi isigaba ngokwezinga: esiphezulu (特级), sokuqala (一级, *yījí*) noma sesibili (二级, *èrjí*).
    * **Inombolo yezinga.** Ukubhekisa ku-DB52/T 641 kusho ukuthi umkhiqizi umemezela ukuhambisana nezinga lesifundazwe; ngokwako akufakazeli ikhwalithi, futhi izinga liyisincomo.
    * **Ngaphandle kwemibala nezithasiselo.** Ngokwezinga itiye akumele lifakwe umbala futhi akumele libe nezithasiselo; itiye elinombala noma elinezithasiselo ngaphansi kwaleli gama alihambisani nezinga.
    * **«黔红» akulona igama elijwayelekile.** Esizindalwezini sikazwelonke samazinga endawo alikho irekhodi elilodwa ngaphansi kwamagama 黔红 ne-黔红茶 (amazinga amaqembu nezinkampani awazange ahlolwe), ngakho igama elinjalo ephaketheni ngokwalo alikhombisi ezingeni lendawo.
    * **Amatiye aqanjwe ngegama anezincwadi zawo.** I-Zunyi Hong, i-Pu'an Hong ne-Fanjingshan Hong zinamazinga azo; igama ephaketheni kufanele lihambisane naleyo ncwadi umkhiqizi abhekisela kuyo.
    * **Uphawu lwenkomba yendawo.** Ukuthi amagama 贵州红茶 ne-黔红 anayo yini inkomba yendawo, akutholakalanga; uma ephaketheni kunophawu olunjalo, kufanelekile ukuluqhathanisa nerejista esemthethweni.
    * **Indawo yokuthengisa akusiyona imvelaphi.** Isigaba sibekwa indawo lapho iqabunga likhule khona, hhayi lapho itiye lithengwe khona.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* IGuizhou inamagama amabili amafushane asemthethweni, i-黔 ne-贵. Izinga lesifundazwe likhethe igama eligcwele 贵州, kanti elifushane 黔红 aliveli kulo.
* Kuze kube ngu-2017 izinga belibizwa ngokuthi «贵州工夫红茶» futhi egameni lalikhuluma nge-gongfu; igama lamanje limane lithi «贵州红茶».
* Umkhawulo ophansi wekhwalithi yesigaba ngasinye ubekwa izinga hhayi ngamagama, kodwa ngamasampula omzimba ayisilinganiso.
* Umthetho wokuvutshelwa emithethweni yesifundazwe ufakwe ezinhlamvini ezine: 宁轻勿重, okungcono ukungavutshi kahle kunokuvutsha ngokweqile.
* Ukushicilelwa okufanayo kwephephandaba lango-2014 kubiza itiye elibomvu laseMeitan lango-1940 embhalweni oyinhloko ngokuthi «湄红», kanti ebhokisini likubiza ngokuthi «黔红».
* Emsebenzini wezi-2026 ngamatiye abomvu angama-21 athunyelwa phesheya aseGuizhou, phezulu kakhulu ekuhlolweni okuhlanganisiwe kwavela uhlobo olugoqekile (盘花型, *pánhuāxíng*), kanti phansi kakhulu kwaba itiye eligayiwe.
* Igama lemithetho ye-gongfu yango-2023 ekhaveni nasekhadini lerejista lihluka ngohlamvu olulodwa: «工夫红茶» noma «工夫茶».

**13. Izinhlobo kanye Namatiye Aqanjwe Ngegama:**

* **Izinhlobo ngokwezinga DB52/T 641—2017:**
    * **Itiye elibomvu elisontekile (条形红茶, *tiáoxíng hóngchá*)**, iqabunga lisontekile laba yimicu (条索状, *tiáosuǒzhuàng*); izigaba eziphezulu (特级), zokuqala (一级) nezesibili (二级).
    * **Itiye elibomvu eliyimbumbulu (珠形红茶, *zhūxíng hóngchá*)**, iqabunga lisontekile laba yizinhlamvu (颗粒状, *kēlìzhuàng*); izigaba ezintathu ezifanayo.
    * **Itiye elibomvu eligayiwe (红碎茶, *hóngsuìchá*)**, izidingo ngokuzwelonke GB/T 13738.1.
* **Amafomu emsebenzini we-2026:** agoqekile (盘花型, *pánhuāxíng*), asontekile (条型, *tiáoxíng*), agoqekile (卷曲型, *juǎnqūxíng*), amapuleti (片茶, *piànchá*) kanye netiye eligayiwe (碎茶, *suìchá*), ngalolu hlelo lwabekwa ukuhlola okuhlanganisiwe kwezampula ezingama-21 ezithunyelwa phesheya. Lawa amafomu ezampula zocwaningo, hhayi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga.
* **Amatiye abomvu aqanjwe ngegama anamazinga awo.** Ukuthi izincwadi zawo zihlobana kanjani nezinga elijwayelekile, izimo eziyisipesheli zesigaba noma izincwadi ezihambisanayo, imithombo ayisho ngokuqondile.
    * **I-Zunyi Hong (遵义红, *Zūnyì hóng*)**, izinga lesifundazwe i-DB52/T 1000—2018 «遵义红 红茶»: itiye elibomvu elivela eqabungeni lezinhlobo zochungechunge lwe-黔湄 nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele, ezitshalwe eZunyi nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane ezifanayo endaweni, ezinomswakama ongaphansi kuka-6 %, nekhwalithi ethi «嫩甜香、鲜爽味» (*nèn tián xiāng, xiān shuǎng wèi*), okuyiphunga elimnandi elithambile, ukunambitheka okusha okupholile. Amafomu athi agoqekile (卷曲形, *juǎnqūxíng*), ayizinhlamvu (颗粒形, *kēlìxíng*) kanye nasontekile aqondile (直条形, *zhítiáoxíng*). Izinga libhekisa ngokomthetho esimemezelweni sika-2017 № 39 se-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo engama-27 njengezinkomba zendawo; ukuthi i-Zunyi Hong ikulolu hlu, incwadi ngokwayo ayisho ngokuqondile. Okokucubungula leli tiye kusebenza futhi izinga ledolobha laseZunyi i-DB5203/T 43-2025 «[遵义红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zunyi-hongcha)（遵义红） 加工技术规程»: lakhishwa ngomhla ka-16 Januwari 2025, lisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-16 Julayi 2025. Imininingwane engaphezulu esihlokweni esithi «Zunyi Hong Cha».
    * **I-Pu'an Hong Cha ([普安红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/puan-hongcha), *Pǔ'ān hóngchá*)**, izinga lesifundazwe elisebenzayo i-DB52/T 1162-2016 «地理标志产品 普安红茶», okungukuthi umkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo i-Pu'an Hong Cha. Imininingwane engaphezulu esihlokweni esithi «Pu'an Hong Cha».
    * **I-Fanjingshan Hong Cha ([梵净山红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/fanjingshan-hongcha), *Fànjìngshān hóngchá*)**, izinga lesifundazwe elisebenzayo i-DB52/T 1012-2015 «梵净山红茶». Imininingwane engaphezulu esihlokweni esithi «Fanjingshan Hong Cha».
* **Ezinye izihloko ze-encyclopedia ngamatiye abomvu aseGuizhou:** «Anshun Pubu Hong Cha» ([安顺瀑布红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anshun-pu-bu-hongcha), *Ānshùn pùbù hóngchá*), «Renhuaigongfu Hongcha» ([仁怀功夫红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/renhuai-gongfu-hongcha), *Rénhuái gōngfu hóngchá*), «Dushan Gaozhai Cha» ([独山高寨茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dushan-gaozhai-cha), *Dúshān Gāozhài chá*), «Hongbaoshi Cha» ([红宝石茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hongbaoshi-cha), *Hóngbǎoshí chá*), «Guizhou Maodong Hong Cha» ([贵州猫洞红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/guizhou-maodong-hongcha), *Guìzhōu Māodòng hóngchá*), «Jiuceng Shan Hong Cha» ([九层山红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiuceng-shan-hongcha), *Jiǔcéngshān hóngchá*) kanye ne-«Guizhou hong mao feng» ([贵州红毛峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gui-zhou-hong-mao-feng), *Guìzhōu hóng [máofēng](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maofengcha)*).

**14. Okungamele Kudidaniswe Nakho:**

* **湄红 (*Méihóng*)**, igama letiye elibomvu, ngokwephephandaba lika-2014, elahlolwa ngo-1940 epulazini lokuhlola laseMeitan. Ebhokisini lelo phephandaba libiza itiye lango-1940 ngokuthi «黔红». Ukuthi la magama ahlobene yini, imithombo ayikucacisi, ngakho akufanele ahlanganiswe ngaphandle kwencwadi.
* **黔湄 (*Qiánméi*)**, uchungechunge lwezinhlobo zesihlahla setiye, hhayi itiye.
* **遵义红 (*Zūnyì hóng*)**, itiye elihlukile eliqanjwe ngegama elinamazinga alo, hhayi elinye igama lesigaba sonke.
* **贵州红毛峰 (*Guìzhōu hóng máofēng*)**, ngokwesihloko se-encyclopedia «Guizhou hong mao feng», ukubizwa okuchazayo: empeleni itiye le-gongfu elibomvu laseGuizhou ngesimo se-maofeng. Lesi sihloko asichazi isigaba sesifundazwe ngokwaso namazinga aso.
* **祁红, 宜红, 越红 nokunye okunjalo**, izinkomba zamatiye e-gongfu abomvu ezifundeni eziyinhloko zetiye zaseShayina. Emsebenzini wezi-2021 i-黔红 imi nawo emgqeni owodwa; lowo mgqa ngokwawo awusho lutho ngemvelaphi yesampula ye-«黔红».

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Guizhou Hong Cha akulona itiye elilodwa, kodwa uhlaka isifundazwe esalubeka ngezincwadi: itiye elibomvu elivela eqabungeni laseGuizhou, elenziwe ngokwemithetho yesifundazwe, ngezinhlobo ezintathu, elisontekile, eliyimbumbulu neligayiwe; etiyeni elisontekile neliyimbumbulu kunezigaba ezintathu. Izinga lichaza isigaba esiphezulu setiye elisontekile ngemicu eqinile emincane ecwebezelayo, iphunga elimnandi eliphezulu nelihlala isikhathi eside, insipho ebomvu ekhanyayo nokunambitheka okupholile okusha, kanti imithetho yokucubungula ibeka ukubuna isikhathi eside, ukuvutshelwa ngokomthetho othi «kungcono ukungavutshi kahle» nokomisa okuphelele ngaphansi kuka-90 °C. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka noma eduze kwalo kuhlala amatiye aqanjwe ngegama anezincwadi zawo, i-Zunyi Hong, i-Pu'an Hong ne-Fanjingshan Hong.

Ngegama elifushane elithi 黔红 konke kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi «okubomvu kwaseGuizhou», kodwa emithonjeni etholakele livela kuphela njengophawu lwepulazi laseMeitan lango-1950, ngokwezwi likafakazi oyedwa, njengegama letiye laseMeitan lango-1940 ebhokisini lephephandaba, umbhalo walo oyinhloko ubiza leli tiye ngokuthi «湄红», nanjengokubizwa kwesampula emsebenzini owodwa wesayensi. Kulowo ohlangabezane negama elithi 黔红 noma igama elithi «qianhong», lesi sihloko sizomsiza aqonde ukuthi yini engase ibe ngemuva kwalo nokuthi yini angayibuza umdayisi: ngesimo, ngesigaba, ngendawo lapho iqabunga likhule khona, nangezinga umkhiqizi abhekisela kulo.