---
title: "Guānshān liánqiào chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/guanshan-lianqiao-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Guānshān liánqiào chá (冠山连翘茶)

**I-Guanshan Lianqiao Cha** (*Guānshān liánqiào chá*, 冠山连翘茶) — «itiye laseGuanshan le-forsythia», isiphuzo esenziwe ngemiqumbe emincane namaqabunga e-forsythia (连翘, *liánqiào*) yesifunda sasePingding (平定县) kumasipala wedolobha iYangquan esifundazweni saseShanxi. Alikho ihlumela letiye kuso: lokhu kuyindawo ebambele esikhundleni setiye (代用茶, *dàiyòng chá*) evela emndenini «wamatiye okwelapha aseShanxi» (山西药茶). Igama elithi Yannian Qiao (延年翘, *Yánnián qiào*), «i-forsythia yokuphila isikhathi eside», ngokwesiko lanikezwa umbusi; manje leli futhi wuphawu lokuhweba lomkhiqizi. Iqabunga licutshungulwa ngendlela yetiye ngezinhlobo ezintathu — «elibomvu», «eliluhlaza» kanye «neliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» (青茶). Igama livikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwesifunda kusukela ngo-2021 futhi njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda kusukela ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Okubambele esikhundleni setiye (代用茶), hhayi itiye elivela ku-*Camellia sinensis*. «Okubomvu», «okuluhlaza» kanye «nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» — izindlela zokucutshungulwa kweqabunga, hhayi izigaba zetiye.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye lokwelapha laseShanxi; umkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseShanxi (山西, *Shānxī*), umasipala wedolobha iYangquan (阳泉, *Yángquán*), isifunda sasePingding (平定, *Píngdìng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Amalokishi aseGuanshan (冠山镇) naseYexi (冶西镇) esifundeni sasePingding — izigodi ezingama-78 zokuphatha nezindawo zokuhlala. Umfakisicelo — Inhlangano Yemikhiqizo Ehlonishwayo yasePingding (平定特产协会).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 113°28′15″–113°35′35″ empumalanga, 37°45′30″–38°06′30″ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Izinkolelo nge-Qing.** Umkhiqizi kanye nekhasi lamagugu angaphatheki babhala ukuthi igama elithi 延年翘 lanikezwa isiphuzo umbusi uKangxi nokuthi ngesikhathi se-Qing laliyisipho esiyisisekelo senkantolo. Inguqulo yeziphathimandla zesifunda saseYangquan yehlukile: igama lanikezwa futhi isipho esiyisisekelo samiswa umbusi uQianlong. Imithombo iyaphikisana, imibhalo ngalokhu ayitholakali ezintweni ezitholiwe.
    * **Inganekwane yesipho esiyisisekelo.** Ngokwesiko, elandiswa yisayithi lemithi yendabuko, isipho esiyisisekelo ngesikhathi sikaQianlong sasifinyelela ezigidini ezingamashumi amahlanu ngonyaka, abaqoqi babefa emaweni, futhi umbusi, lapho ezwa ngokuhlupheka, wasichitha isipho.
    * **Ukuvuselelwa.** Ngokusho kwabezindaba bendawo, ubuchwepheshe bacishe banqamuka; buvuselelwa yinkampani eyasungulwa ngo-2011 edolobhaneni laseHougou (后沟村) elokishini laseGuanshan.
    * **2017.** Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza bufakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki eShanxi.
    * **2020.** NgoMashi kwamenyezelwa uphawu lomphakathi lwesifundazwe «山西药茶»; amatiye okwelapha esifundazwe athuthukiswa njengomkhakha obalulekile kusukela ngo-2018.
    * **2021.** Ukubhaliswa kophawu lwezolimo lwesifunda loMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya; ngokwe-Baidu Baike — ngomhlaka 4 Juni.
    * **2025.** Isimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 640 somhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi 2025 (kusayithi — 13 Agasti) samukela isiphuzo njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda, eqenjini lezinto eziyi-1409.
* **Igama:** I-Guanshan (冠山) — intaba kanye nelokishi elifanayo lesifunda sasePingding; 连翘 — i-forsythia; 茶 — itiye.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umkhiqizi ubhala ukuthi wakha ngaphansi kwe-Guanshan isisekelo sokuthuthukisa kanye nendawo yokudlulisela ubuciko, nokuthi izitsha zokwenza nokuphuza wazishintsha wafaka i-紫砂 yasePingding.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo nezinto ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Isitshalo:** I-Forsythia (连翘, *Forsythia suspensa*) — isihlahla sokwelapha, ngokwabantu 黄金条 («izinti zegolide»). Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo siqhakaza ngokuphuzi, bese sikhipha amahlumela amancane.
* **Uhlobo:** Izidingo zokuvikela esigabeni «uhlobo» zibiza igama lomkhiqizo uqobo; izinhlobo ezikhethiwe azikho emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Okwasendle nokutshaliwe:** Abezindaba bagcizelela i-forsythia yasendle (cishe ama-2500 mu ezihlahleni zasendle ngaphansi kokuvikelwa komkhiqizi, 2022). Kodwa izidingo zokuvikela zichaza nokutshala — ukuhlwanyela, ukusika, ukutshala ngo-2 × 1,5 m, ukuthena ihlumela eliyinhloko ebangeni elingama-70–80 cm, ukuvundisa, — kanti embikweni ka-2025 sekuyinto «yokutshalwa kanye neyasendle» i-forsythia.
* **Izinto ezingavuthiwe nokuqoqwa:** Imiqumbe emincane namaqabunga; ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — ukuqoqwa ngesandla ekuqaleni kuka-April. Umkhiqizi ubheka njengelikhulu iqabunga eliqoqwa ngaphambi kwesizini yeGuyu (谷雨, cishe umhla zingama-20 kuApril); ngo-2025 wayebiza isizini yokukhiqiza ngo-April — Julayi.

**4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Izintaba zangaphansi kwe-Taihangshan (太行山) empumalanga yeShanxi.
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** **600–1200 m** — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
* **Inhlabathi nendawo:** Inhlabathi ejulile, evundile, evulekile, ehlanzwe kahle ye-sandy loam (砂质壤土); izintaba ezinomthunzi noma ezivikelekile emoyeni ezinelanga kanye nemithambeka emincane.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Akuchazwanga embhalweni wokuvikela; imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwe-Baidu Baike, ngo-2020 indawo evikelwe yayikhiqiza amahektha angama-500 namathani ayi-100 ngonyaka; umkhiqizi ngo-2025 wayelindele cishe amathani angama-50 ngonyaka.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka izinhlelo ezintathu; izinyathelo zokuqala ziyefana kuzo zonke — ukukhetha nokuhlunga kweqabunga elisha, ukunyakazisa (摇青, *yáoqīng*), ukubuna elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing), *shàiqīng*), ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).

1.  **«Okubomvu» (连翘红茶):** ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) → ukuvutshelwa (发酵, *fājiào*) → ukomisa kokuqala → «ukuphakamisa iphunga» (提香, *tíxiāng*).
2.  **«Okuluhlaza» (连翘绿茶):** ukubulala (杀青, *shāqīng*) → ukusonga → ukwakha → ukomisa.
3.  **«Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» (连翘青茶):** ukubila izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye (九次蒸青) → ukusonga izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili → ukomisa.

Indlela yendabuko imithombo yendawo iyibiza ngokuthi «ukubila okuyisishiyagalolunye nokomiswa okuyisishiyagalolunye» (九蒸九晒, *jiǔ zhēng jiǔ shài*) futhi ibhala ukuthi emphakathini idluliselwa iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngo-2021 umkhiqizi wafaka imigqa emine: owodwa — ngale ndlela, okuyisungulo sakhe, emithathu ezenzakalelayo — evela eningizimu ye-China.

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Incazelo ithathwe ezidingweni zokuvikela zika-2025; uhlobo ngalunye lunezalo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** «Okuluhlaza» — okuluhlaza okujulile (深绿); «okubomvu» — okumnyama okucwebezelayo (乌润). Ngokuthi «okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» azikho izincazelo.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholiwe.
* **Iphunga lotshwala:** «Okuluhlaza» — okungokwemvelo nokuthokozisayo (自然芬芳). Ngokuthi «okubomvu» nokuthi «okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» incazelo yephunga ayikho ngokwehlukana.
* **Ukunambitheka:** «Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» — okusha, okuthambile nokukhethekile (鲜醇独特), emlonyeni okusha nokunephunga elimnandi (口感清新芳香), nokubanda okuncane nokuba ndikindiki (略有凉麻); «okubomvu» — okugcwele, nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva (醇厚，回味甘甜).
* **Umbala wotshwala:** «Okuluhlaza» — okuluhlaza okukhanyayo (浅绿); «okubomvu» — okubomvu nokucacile (红明); «okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» — okuhlanzekile nokukhanyayo (清亮).
* **Phansi kwetiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe):** «Okuluhlaza» — okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (青绿); «okubomvu» — okubomvu nokucwebezelayo (红亮).

Iqabunga eliluhlaza okujulile, utshwala obuluhlaza okukhanyayo kanye nendawo engezansi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka — umthetho «wokuluhlaza okuthathu» (三绿).

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

| Inkomba | Ngokuvikelwa |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | okungaphezulu kuka-10 % |
| Umlotha | okungaphezulu kuka-4,5 g nge-100 g |

Imininingwane ngezinto ezisebenzayo zeqabunga ayitholakali emithonjeni etholiwe.

**8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walesi siphuzo. Igama elithi «lokwelapha» egameni lomkhakha — liwukukhangisa, akukho okufakazelwe ngokomtholampilo.

**9. Ukuphuza:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Imingcele yalesi siphuzo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholiwe; ngezansi — imingcele ejwayelekile yeqabunga elicutshungulwe ngendlela yetiye.

* **Uhlobo «oluluhlaza»:** 80–85 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, ukuphuza kokuqala imizuzwana engama-40–60, ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
* **«Okubomvu» nokuthi «okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka»:** 90–95 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, ukuphuza kokuqala cishe umzuzu, ukuphinda kaningi ngokwandisa isikhathi.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga; uhlobo «oluluhlaza» — endaweni epholile futhi kungakapheli unyaka.

**11. Amanani kanye nezingamanga:**

Imininingwane ngamanani ayitholakali emithonjeni etholiwe.

* **Uzivikela kanjani ezingamangeni:**
    * Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwesifunda eduze kwegama elithi 冠山连翘茶.
    * Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela emalokishini aseGuanshan noma eYexi.
    * Okuqukethwe kufanele kube yiqabunga le-forsythia, hhayi iqabunga letiye.
    * Ukubukeka kufanele kuhambisane nohlobo: ngokuthi «okuluhlaza» — «okuluhlaza okuthathu», ngokuthi «okubomvu» — iqabunga elimnyama elicwebezelayo kanye notshwala obubomvu obucacile.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Uhlobo «oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» lubilisa izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi lusonge izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili; inani lokubilisa lihambisana nendlela endala yokuthi «ukubila okuyisishiyagalolunye nokomiswa okuyisishiyagalolunye».
* Inganekwane yesipho esiyisisekelo iphetha hhayi ngenkazimulo, kodwa ngokuchithwa.
* Esimemezelweni No. 640 kukhona namanye ama-forsythia aseShanxi — i-Pingshun, i-Jiangxian, i-Qinyuan, — kodwa ngaphandle kwegama elithi «itiye»: lapho kuvikelwa isitshalo uqobo.
* Ngokwamazwi ephephandaba ledolobha, isifundazwe sifuna ukwenza itiye lokwelapha «uhlelo lwetiye lwesikhombisa» lwe-China.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye «amatiye» angewona awehlumela letiye:**

* **I-Maoyan Meicha ([茅岩莓茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maoyan-meicha)):** Isiphuzo saseHunan esivela emvinini we-*Ampelopsis grossedentata*, naso esisememezelweni No. 640.
* **I-Honghu Heye Cha ([洪湖荷叶茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/honghu-heye-cha)):** Iqabunga le-lotus laseHubei, lisememezelweni elifanayo.
* **I-Kudin ([苦丁茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/kuding-cha)):** Ukumnika okubabayo okuvela emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza.
* **I-Jiaogulan ([绞股蓝](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jiaogulan)):** I-gynostemma, umvini onobuthi obuncane.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Guanshan Lianqiao Cha — akulona itiye, kodwa iqabunga le-forsythia elivela ezintabeni zangaphansi kwe-Taihangshan, elicutshungulwe ngendlela yetiye ngezinhlobo ezintathu: «okuluhlaza» nge «okuluhlaza okuthathu», «okubomvu» ngokuvutshelwa kanye «nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka» okubiliswa izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye. Inkazimulo yombusi incike ezinkolelweni, kanti imibhalo ingeyesimanje: amagugu esifundazwe kusukela ngo-2017, ukuvikelwa kwegama kusukela ngo-2021.