---
title: "Fúlíng báichá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/fuling-baicha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Fúlíng báichá (涪陵白茶)

**I-Fuling Baicha** (*Fúlíng báichá*, 涪陵白茶) — itiye lesifunda saseFuling (涪陵区) edolobheni laseChongqing elenziwe ngemiqumbe namaqabunga, athi ezintabeni abe mhlophe “njenge-jade”. Igama elithi “Baicha” egameni likhuluma ngombala weqabunga elincane, hhayi ngesigaba: ubuchwepheshe imithombo ibuchaza ngezindlela ezahlukene, angizange ngibone idokhumenti yophawu enesigaba, futhi isigaba asinqunyelwe. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo № 11083212 kusukela ngo-2012.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Akunqunyelwe ngokwedokhumenti. Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba yemikhiqizo yendawo ibeka itiye koluhlaza: ubuchwepheshe “i-hongqing” (烘青, *hōngqīng*) — itiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa; uphiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing lubiza ngalo “itiye elimhlophe elikhethekile eliyivelakancane” (珍稀特色白茶) futhi alikhulumi ngokuqedwa kokuvutshelwa (isigaba 5). Ukunquma isigaba ngegama elithi “baicha” akunakwenzeka: i-Anji Baicha yohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe — itiye eliluhlaza.
* **Umkhiqizo kwirejista:** Embikweni wonyaka weHhovisi Lezimpawu Zokuthengisa wango-2012, umkhiqizo wophawu ubhalwe ngokuthi “白茶(茶)”. Leli igama lomkhiqizo, hhayi isigaba ngobuchwepheshe.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, idolobha elilawulwa ngokuqondile yiChongqing (重庆, *Chóngqìng*), isifunda saseFuling (涪陵, *Fúlíng*).
* **Indawo:** Ngokophiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing (2026), indawo eyinhloko ikhawulelwe emayunithini ayisithupha — iLinshi (蔺市), iMau (马武), iQingyang (青羊), iLongtan (龙潭), iTongle (同乐) neDashun (大顺), ingqikithi 826 km². Idokhumenti yophawu enomngcele osemthethweni angizange ngiyibone.
* **Izixhumanisi zokuma kwendawo:** Cishe 29,7° N no-107,4° E (isikhungo sesifunda).

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Januwari 2012.** Ngokophiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing (inguqulo yangaphambilini yekhasi laso), iFuling Baicha yathola ukuvikelwa njengophawu lokuma kwendawo. Uphawu № 11083212 lusembikweni wonyaka weHhovisi Lezimpawu Zokuthengisa wango-2012.
    * **2024.** Ngokombiko wewebhusayithi yephephandaba i-“Zhongguo Zhiliang Bao” (中国质量新闻网), uphiko lokuqondisa imakethe lwesifunda lwakha uhlelo lokweseka uphawu, lwahlukanisa isigodi saseLinshi, lapho itiye elimhlophe lilihle futhi lithatha izindawo ezinkulu.
    * **2026.** Isifunda, ngokwekomidi laso lezolimo, sethule iFuling Baicha kanye ne-涪陵青菜头 — isinaphi esinesiqu, isithako se-Fuling zhacai, — kokhetho lwedolobha lwemikhiqizo yendawo 巴渝“土特产”名优百品 (ngo-2026 kukhethwa izinto ezingama-30). Iwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda ibiza itiye elimhlophe “injini entsha eluhlaza” (绿色新引擎) yezolimo lwesifunda.
    * Umlando wangaphambilini awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Igama:** 涪陵 (*Fúlíng*) — igama lesifunda; 白茶 (*báichá*) — “itiye elimhlophe”. Ngokwewebhusayithi eyinkomba yemikhiqizo yendawo, igama linikezwe ngombala weqabunga elincane: “imiqumbe namacembe amhlophe njenge-jade” (芽叶如玉般洁白).
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Iwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda ibhala ukuthi itiye lihamba “kusuka etiyeni elihle lendawo liya etiyeni elidumile laseSichuan naseChongqing” (从“地方好茶”向“川渝名茶”跨越).

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-cultivar:** Emithonjeni esemthethweni uhlobo alushiwongo. Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba yemikhiqizo yendawo ibiza ngalo njengenguquko ezwela ekushiseni: ngaphansi kuka-25 °C ukwakheka kwama-chloroplast kuvinjelwe, futhi kuhlala kuluhlaza kuphela imichilo eceleni kwemithambo; ngaphezu kuka-25 °C iqabunga liba luhlaza. Lokhu akuqinisekiswanga yidokhumenti.
* **Ukuvuna:** Uphiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing lubhala ngetiye lasentwasahlobo elivunwa ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe (明谷春茶限时采摘; “明” no-“谷” yizinkathi zeQingming neGuyu). Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba iqinisa kakhulu: kuphela iqabunga cishe lezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili eduze kwentwasahlobo equinox (春分).
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ngokushicilelwe kuwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda (2026) — ukuguquka kusuka ezintabeni zaseWulingshan kuya emgodini waseSichuan nokuhlukana kwesimo sezulu ngokuya ngobude (立体气候).
* **Ukuphakama kokutshalwa:** Cishe 650 m — ngokwenguqulo yangaphambilini yencazelo yophiko nangokwewebhusayithi eyinkomba; iwebhusayithi yengeza imvula yonyaka engu-1200 mm.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokophiko — izintaba ezinenkungu (云雾山地) ezinesimo sezulu esincane esikhethekile.
* **Umhlabathi:** Ngokushicilelwe okufanayo kwesifunda — umhlabathi onobuthi obuncane obunothe nge-selenium (富硒微酸性土壤).

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe imithombo ibuchaza ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi isigaba setiye sincike kulokhu.

* **Inguqulo yophiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing (2026):** Iqabunga lasentwasahlobo ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe, ukubuna ngokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba (分级萎凋, *fēnjí wěidiāo*), ukufudumeza ngokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ngezigaba (分段控温烘制), nokugcinwa kwetiye eliqediwe ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi (成品低温锁鲜). Ukuqedwa kokuvutshelwa akushiwongo.
* **Inguqulo yewebhusayithi eyinkomba:** Imisebenzi eyishumi — iqabunga elisha, ukunwetshwa (摊放, *tānfàng*), ukuqedwa kokuvutshelwa (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukubekwa ukuze kulinganiswe umswakama (回潮, *huícháo*), ukuqondisa (理条, *lǐtiáo*), ukomisa kokuqala (初烘), ukunikeza isimo (做形), ukomisa okwesibili (复烘), ukomisa ngokuphelele (干燥), nokufudumeza ukuze kuphume iphunga (提香, *tíxiāng*). Ngokwewebhusayithi, ngeqabunga elincanyana nesiqu esiwugqinsi, izinga lokushisa nomswakama kugcinwa ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho iqabunga liyasha, kanti isiqu siba bomvu.

Kusuka kumbhalo omfushane osemthethweni akucaci ukuthi ukubuna kungena esikhundleni sokuqedwa kokuvutshelwa noma kwandulela kona. Ngokuqedwa kokuvutshelwa lokhu itiye eliluhlaza, ngaphandle kwakho ubuchwepheshe busondele kokumhlophe. Idokhumenti yophawu enobuchwepheshe angizange ngiyibone.

**6. Izimpawu Zokuhlola Ngezitho:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Inguqulo yangaphambilini yencazelo yophiko — okunamafutha futhi kucwebezela, kusagolide (油润金黄); iwebhusayithi eyinkomba yengeza ukuthi umqumbe neqabunga kuvuleka ngokwemvelo “njengemfoloko” (自然呈丫). Inguqulo yamanje yophiko — kulingene futhi kuthambile, “njenge-orchid” (匀嫩如兰); ayibasho imibala.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Incazelo ehlukile ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lomthobho:** Liphezulu, liyakhuphuka (香气高扬 — uphiko). Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba: iphunga elihlala njalo leqabunga elithambile elinenothi yezimbali (嫩香持久带花香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okugcwele futhi okuthambile (鲜爽醇厚 — uphiko); okusha, okuthambile, nobumnandi obubuyayo (鲜醇回甘 — iwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda).
* **Umbala womthobho:** Ocacile futhi okhanyayo (清澈明亮 — iwebhusayithi eyinkomba; 清亮 — inguqulo yamanje yophiko).
* **Isizinda setiye (iqabunga elithelelwe):** Livuleka “njenge-orchid eqhakazile” (似兰花绽放 — uphiko; 似兰花盛开 — iwebhusayithi eyinkomba), iqabunga liluhlaza nomhlophe (绿白相间). Ngokwewebhusayithi eyinkomba, imithambo iluhlaza okotshani, kanti ingxenye yeqabunga imhlophe njengobisi (叶脉翠绿，叶片乳白); imithambo eluhlaza okotshani yayibalwa futhi yinguqulo yangaphambilini yencazelo yophiko. Iwebhusayithi yesifunda neyinkomba ziqhathanisa iqabunga elithelelwe nezimpaphe ze-phoenix (形似凤羽, 形如凤羽).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Inguqulo yamanje yekhasi lophiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing ibhala ukuthi okuqukethwe ama-amino acid kufinyelela ku-11,8 %. Indlela, unyaka nosayizi wesampula ikhasi alikusho: lokhu kuyisimemezelo, hhayi inkambiso. Ukushicilelwa kuwebhusayithi yesifunda kukhuluma “ngesilinganiso esivumelanayo” sama-polyphenol (茶多酚比例协调) ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngamaqabunga amhlophe; isigaba asinconyelwe, amapharamitha awukulinganisa.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Ingilazi esobala noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Fudumeza isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Umthobho wokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomthobho.
    5. Faka amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuthela okuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Uphiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing lubhala ukuthi itiye eliqediwe ligcinwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi (成品低温锁鲜). Ekhaya — kumaphakethe avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Uzivikela kanjani emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo № 11083212.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseFuling, kungcono — kwelinye lamayunithi ayisithupha endawo eyinhloko.
    * Ungadidanisi netiye elimhlophe laseFujian: igama elifanayo elithi “白茶” egameni alenzi amatiye ahlobane.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ikhasi lophawu kuphiko lokuphathwa kwempahla yobuhlakani lwaseChongqing labhalwa kabusha: inguqulo yangaphambilini yayikhuluma ngo-650 m neqabunga elisagolide, inguqulo ka-2026 ikhuluma ngamayunithi ayisithupha, 826 km² kanye ne-11,8% yama-amino acid.
* Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba ibhala ukuthi iqabunga elithelelwe lingahlafunwa, — abantu bakubiza ngokuthi “ukudla itiye” (吃茶).
* Ekukhethweni kuka-2026 itiye elimhlophe lethulwe kanye nezithako ze-zhacai, iwebhusayithi kahulumeni wesifunda ezibiza “ngekhadi legolide lokuvakasha” lezolimo laseFuling.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye “amhlophe” ngegama:**

* **I-Anji Baicha ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anji-baicha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe lwesifunda sase-Anji; isicupho segama esifanayo.
* **I-Zhengan Baicha ([正安白茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-an-baicha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuizhou lohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe; esigabeni salo kucacile — ubuchwepheshe bokuqedwa kokuvutshelwa.
* **I-Baihao Yinzhen ([白毫银针](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baihao-yinzhen)):** Itiye elimhlophe ngobuchwepheshe — ukubuna nokomisa kuphela; ukuze kuqhathaniswe.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Fuling Baicha — itiye elenziwe ngeqabunga lasentwasahlobo eliba mhlophe lesifunda saseFuling, neqabunga elithelelwe “njenge-orchid eqhakazile”, eliluhlaza nomhlophe. Igama livikelwe uphawu kusukela ngo-2012, kodwa ngesigaba imithombo iyaphikisana: umbhalo osemthethweni ukhuluma ngokubuna futhi ubiza itiye ngokumhlophe, inkombandlela ichaza ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza nokuqedwa kokuvutshelwa. Kuze kube idokhumenti yophawu itholakala, kuqotho kakhulu ukugcina umbuzo uvulekile futhi wahlulele itiye ngeqabunga elithelelwe.