---
title: "fú lái qīng"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/fu-lai-qing
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-19
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# fú lái qīng (浮来青)

I-Fu Lai Qing (*fú lái qīng*, 浮来青), eyaziwa nangokuthi ‘i-Yimeng eluhlaza’ (*yí méng lǜ*, 沂蒙绿) — itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho elivela esifundeni sase-Ju County (莒县) eduze kwase-Linyi (临沂), omunye wabamele isikole sase-Shandong, esakhula ngohlelo ‘lokuthutha itiye lisuka eningizimu liyiswa enyakatho’.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** itiye eliluhlaza (*lǜ chá*, 绿茶), elingavutshelwanga.
* **Isigaba:** itiye elinegama lasentwasahlobo (*míng yōu*, 名优) — umkhiqizo weqembu elikhwalithi yasentwasahlobo, elikhethwa emahlumela amancane.
* **Imvelaphi:** i-Ju County (莒县) eduze kwase-Linyi (临沂), izwe elinezintaba i-Yimengshan (沂蒙山) eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Shandong. Itiye liqanjwe ngegama lentaba i-Fulaishan (浮来山) eduze nesikhungo sesifunda i-Ju County — igama lokuqala livela lapha, ‘*fú lái*’, kanti ‘*qīng*’ (青, ‘luhlaza, okwesimaragidi’) likhomba isigaba setiye nombala womunyu walo.
* **Isifunda:** i-Jiangbei (江北, ‘enyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze’) — umngcele osenyakatho kakhulu wokulinywa kwetiye laseShayina.
* **I-Cultivar/Izinhlobo:** amasimu atshaliwe ayizingxubevange (*yǐn zhǒng qún*, 引种群) — isizinda esixubile sezinhlobo zaseningizimu, ezikhethwe ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa. Kunembe kakhudlwana ukukhuluma ‘ngenani elixubile elilethwe ngaphandle’, hhayi ngenhlobo eyodwa ebhalwe ngokomthetho; ukwakheka okuqondile kwezinhlobo emasimini ase-Ju kuyahlukahluka endaweni ngayinye.
* **Umndeni wesifunda:** i-Fu Lai Qing isohlwini olulodwa namanye amabili aziwa kakhulu — i-Rizhao eluhlaza ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/rizhao-lucha)) ne-Laoshan eluhlaza ([崂山绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laoshan-lucha)), ihlanganyela nabo uzalo olufanayo lwasenyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

Umlando we-Fu Lai Qing mfushane uma kuqhathaniswa newetiye laseShayina futhi awuhlukaniseki nomlando wonke wokulinywa kwetiye lase-Shandong. Ngaphambi komkhankaso ‘wokuthutha itiye lisiwa enyakatho’ lezi zindawo zazithathwa njengezingafanele ukulinywa kwetiye — kubanda kakhulu.

* **‘Ukuthutha itiye lisiwa enyakatho’:** i-Fu Lai Qing itiye lemvelaphi yokulethwa ngaphandle (*yǐn zhǒng*, 引种), hhayi elasendulo. Izihlahla zalo aziphumi ezindaweni zasendle zendawo, kodwa ezinhlotsheni zaseningizimu ezalethwa e-Shandong ngaphansi komkhankaso kahulumeni ‘*nán chá běi yǐn*’ (南茶北引, ‘ukuthutha itiye laseningizimu lisiya enyakatho’), owaqala maphakathi nawo-1960s. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho itiye eliluhlaza laqala ukumila khona e-Rizhao, e-Qingdao (Laoshan) nasezindaweni zase-Yimeng.
* **Ukusungulwa kwesifunda:** impumelelo yokulethwa ngaphandle kwawo-1960s yenza i-Shandong yashintsha yaba isifunda esizimele setiye eliluhlaza esisuka esifundazweni ‘esingenatiye’, kanti i-Yimengshan, i-Rizhao ne-Laoshan zaba izindawo zakhona ezintathu eziyinsika. Isifunda i-Ju County esinentaba i-Fulaishan saba isikhungo sase-Yimeng salo msebenzi omusha.
* **Ubunikazi:** kubunikazi bendawo, ukuxhumana okuqondile ‘kwezintaba i-Yimeng + itiye lasenyakatho’ kubalulekile. I-Fu Lai Qing ibonwa njengophawu lwesifunda, oluveza umlingiswa wase-Shandong — ukukhuthazela, ukuminyana, ukunambitheka okuqondile — ngokuphikisana nobuhle baseningizimu.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

Isimo sezulu esibandayo senza isitshalo sikhulise iqabunga eliminyene, eliwugqinsi. Iqabunga eliwugqinsi lasenyakatho likwazi ukugcina ukusonteka kahle, futhi ukuminyana kwalo okuyikona okunikeza amandla esifunda ekumelaneni nokuphuzwa kaningi.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Indawo:** indawo yokuzalwa ye-Fu Lai Qing izwe elinezintaba i-Yimengshan (沂蒙山) eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Shandong, ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwedolobha i-Linyi. Lokhu akuseyona indawo ekudala kunetiye yaseningizimu, kodwa umngcele osenyakatho kakhulu wokulinywa kwetiye laseShayina — isifunda i-Jiangbei (江北, ‘enyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze’).
* **Isimo sezulu:** izwekazi ngendlela ephawulekayo ukudlula i-Zhejiang noma i-Hunan — ubusika obude obubandayo, intwasahlobo eseza emva kwesikhathi, umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku.
* **Ukuvuna:** iqabunga lokuqala lapha likhiwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kunasezifundazweni eziseningizimu, eduze nesikhathi se-*gǔ yǔ* (谷雨, ‘izimvula zokusanhlamvu’), hhayi kusenesikhathi *míng qián*.
* **Umthelela wamakhaza kwikhwalithi:** amakhaza asebenza ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhawulela isivuno futhi enze isitshalo sikhulise iqabunga eliminyene, eliwugqinsi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kancane koshukela nama-amino acid endaweni epholile kwakha lowo kunambitheka ocebile, ‘ogqinsi’, amatiye ase-Shandong aluhlaza adume ngawo ewonke.
* **Ukuqhathanisa nomakhelwane:** i-Yimengshan inezintaba futhi iyizwekazi, i-Laoshan ingasogwini lolwandle futhi inephunga lolwandle, i-Rizhao iyaziwa kakhulu futhi inokunambitheka okugcwele.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

* **Ukulungisa okuluhlaza:** i-Fu Lai Qing itiye eliluhlaza (*lǜ chá*, 绿茶), okusho ukuthi alivutshelwanga. Isinyathelo esibalulekile — ukulungisa okuluhlaza (*shā qīng*, 杀青), lapho ama-enzyme enziwa angasebenzi futhi kuqiniswe umbala oluhlaza nephunga elisha ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa.
* **Ukuma kweqabunga:** ngokuma kweqabunga eliphelele, i-Fu Lai Qing iwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezihlobene — esontekile (*juǎn qū*, 卷曲) kanye nobhande-umucu (*tiáo xíng*, 条形). Esimweni sokuqala, iqabunga liyasontekwa libe ‘ophephela’ abaminyene nezihlwitha ngemuva kokulungiswa okuluhlaza; kwesesibili, lakhiwa laba amaflegela amade, aqondile uma kuqhathaniswa. Womabili amaphrofayili ajwayelekile esikoleni sase-Shandong futhi asihlukanisa, ngokwesibonelo, ngesitayela esiyisicaba esifana ne-Longjing.

**6. Izici Zezinzwa:**

Iphrofayili ye-Fu Lai Qing izuza ifa lomlingiswa osonke ‘wenyakatho’ wamatiye aluhlaza ase-Shandong: iminyene, igcwele, inomzimba womunyu ogqamile. Isici esijwayelekile sesifunda yithoni ecijile ye-cran (板栗香) ehlangene nenothi elisha ‘likaphizi’ (豌豆鲜) — yile nhlanganisela eyenza amatiye ase-Yimeng ne-Rizhao aziwe futhi iwahlukanise namaphrofayili alula, anemibala-utshani aseningizimu. Iqabunga eliwugqinsi likhipha ukunambitheka kancane kancane futhi likwazi ukumelana nokuphuzwa okuningana.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

Izinkombandlela ezingokoqobo zokwenza itiye eliluhlaza lalolu hlobo:

* **Amanzi:** ngaphansi kokuphuzisayo, cishe ku-80 – 85 °C, ukuze ‘ungashisi’ iqabunga elincane futhi ungangakhiphi ukubaba okweqile.
* **Izitsha:** ingilazi esobala noma i-gaiwan; ingilazi ilunge ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke ukuvuleka kweqabunga elisontekile.
* **Isilinganiso:** ukufaka okusesilinganisweni, umunyu wokuqala mfushane, alandelayo made kancane.
* **Ukuphuzwa kabusha:** ngenxa yokuminyana kweqabunga, i-Fu Lai Qing imelana nokuphuzwa okuningana, iveze kancane kancane indawo ye-cran kanye nophizi.

**11. Intengo kanye Nezomgunyathi:**

* **Indawo emakethe:** i-Fu Lai Qing ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo eqinile — itiye lesifunda eliqinile, elaziwayo, ngaphandle kokufuna ukufinyelela ezingeni lentengo eliphezulu, okuyinto egcinwe e-Shandong ngamaqembu aphambili asentwasahlobo e-Rizhao ne-Laoshan.
* **Imvelaphi, hhayi ubudala:** itiye elethwe ngaphandle (*nán chá běi yǐn*), hhayi insalela yendawo yasendulo yetiye. Noma yiziphi izimangalo ‘zezingadi zetiye zasendulo’ lapha kufanele zithathwe ngokungabaza.
* **Iphrofayili yasenyakatho:** funa ukunambitheka okuminyene, okugcwele okunethoni ye-cran nokusha kophizi, amandla okuphuzwa izikhathi eziningana — lokhu uphawu lwetiye eliluhlaza lase-Shandong elikhwalithi.
* **Ukuma kweqabunga:** izihlwitha ezisontekile noma amaflegela emigqa kuyizici; iqabunga eliyisicaba, elifana ne-Longjing alijwayelekile kulesi sitayela.
* **Isizini:** i-Fu Lai Qing yeqiniso elinegama — umkhiqizo wasentwasahlobo; ngenxa yokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhula sekwephuzile enyakatho, amaqembu angcono kakhulu avuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kunamatiye aseningizimu e-*míng qián*.
* **Umndeni wesifunda:** i-Fu Lai Qing kunengqondo ukuyiqhathanisa namatiye aluhlaza ase-Rizhao nase-Laoshan — indawo efanayo yasenyakatho, kodwa izimo ezincane ezihlukile. Ukuqonda lomehluko kusiza ukuthi ungaqhathanisi izimpawu futhi wazise ngempela umlingiswa wenkomishi yase-Yimeng.

**12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:**

* **Amazinga:** i-Fu Lai Qing ilandela imithetho ejwayelekile esebenza etiyeni eliluhlaza e-People’s Republic of China, futhi ihlolwa ngokwemingcele efanayo yezinzwa njengamanye amatiye aluhlaza: ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile, umbala nokukhanya komunyu, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nesimo seqabunga elibilisiwe. Ayikho inombolo yezinga ehlukile, exhunywe ngokuqondile ne-Fu Lai Qing emthonjeni oqinisekisiwe, ngakho-ke amakhodi athile awanikezwa ngamabomu: kumatiye aluhlaza ase-Shandong ewonke, kusebenza uhlelo lwezidingo zesifunda nezikazwelonke zetiye eliluhlaza, futhi umehluko phakathi kwe-Fu Lai Qing, i-Rizhao kanye ne-Laoshan ikakhulukazi umehluko wendawo kanye nemvelaphi yezitshalo, hhayi amakhadi obuchwepheshe ahlukile.