---
title: "Fènghuà qūháo"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/fenghua-quhao
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Fènghuà qūháo (奉化曲毫)

**Fenghua Quhao** (*Fènghuà qūháo*, 奉化曲毫) yitiye eluhlaza yesifunda saseFenghua (奉化区) edolobheni laseNingbo ogwini olusempumalanga yeZhejiang. Ibonakala ngeqabunga eliwugqinsi, eligoqwe laba igobe futhi limbozwe uboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo: 曲 (*qū*) — «eligoqekile», 毫 (*háo*) — «uboya». Igama lisuselwa emugqeni wendela yaseSong, kanti itiye lamanje lasungulwa ngo-1996 futhi lenziwa kuphela ngeqabunga lasentwasahlobo. Livikelwa uphawu lwesitifiketi (olwashicilelwa ngo-2018), ukukhonjwa kwendawo yezolimo (2021) futhi, ngokohlu lwezinkomba, liqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo (2025).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*): ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa. Ukuphatha kwesifundazwe kokuhlola imakethe kumbiza ngqo ngetiye eliluhlaza (系绿茶), inkomba — «itiye eliqanjwe ngegama leZhejiang lezinga lokuqala» (浙江省一类名茶).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe elinoboya, ngaphansi kwezindlela eziningana zokuvikela.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), idolobha laseNingbo (宁波, *Níngbō*), isifunda saseFenghua (奉化, *Fènghuà*).
* **Indawo evikelekile:** Uhlu lwezinkomba luyichaza njengayo yonke indawo yamanje yesifunda saseFenghua. Incazelo eyireferensi yokukhonjwa kwezolimo ibala amadolobhana ayi-10 kanye namakomidi emigwaqo anamadolobhana angama-325, phakathi kwawo kukhona u-Shangtian, u-Dayan, u-Xikou kanye no-Xiu.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 121°03′–121°46′ Empumalanga, 29°25′–29°47′ EseNyakatho — ngokwencazelo efanayo.
* **Izindlela zokuvikela:**
    * **Uphawu lwesitifiketi** «奉化曲毫» № 28458230. Ngokokuphatha kwesifundazwe kokuhlola imakethe, lugunyazwe futhi lwashicilelwa ngomhla ka-28 Disemba 2018 futhi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu lokushicilelwa lwasebenza ngomhla ka-28 Mashi — ngokubalwa kwezinsuku ngo-2019. Inothi lomlawuli ngokwalo lishicilelwe ngo-August 2020 futhi luthi lolu suku «ngu-28 Mashi walo nyaka»; i-athikili eyireferensi ithi uphawu lwango-2020. Umnikazi — Inhlangano Yokuthuthukisa Isiko Letiye laseFenghua (奉化茶文化促进会).
    * **Ukukhonjwa kwezolimo.** Isimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya № 431; isitifiketi sakhishwa ngomhla ka-4 Juni 2021.
    * **Umkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo.** Uhlu lwezinkomba lubhekisela egameni esimemezelweni se-CNIPA № 640 (2025) futhi luthi simise isigaba esihambisanayo sesimemezelo sango-2003 № 45 se-AQSIQ esimayelana no-«奉化曲毫茶（雪窦山牌）». Ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesimemezelo sango-2003, akukwazanga ukutholakala; imibhalo yakho kokubili ayikwazanga ukuvulwa.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Umgqa weSong.** Inkomba ithi itiye laseFenghua lalilinywa kakade ngesikhathi seTang. Imithombo ixhumanisa igama nomusho womphathi wesigodlo sezindela saseXuedou (雪窦寺) umeluleki weChan u-Guangwen (广闻) wasencwadini ethi «御书应梦名山记»: «荼荠不同亩，曲毫幽而独芳» — «utshani obumuncu nomfana wabelusi abahlangani ensimini eyodwa, kanti i-quhao, icashile, inuka kamnandi iyodwa». Imithombo eminingi imane nje iyibeka enkathini yeSong, uhlu lwezinkomba kanye nabezindaba besifunda — eminyakeni ye-«景右» yaseNyakatho yeSong. Umbhalo oyireferensi ngentaba i-Xuedou usuke ulandisa inganekwane yokuthi umbhalo othi «应梦名山» wenziwa kamuva yinkosi yaseNingizimu yeSong u-Lizong ngokwesiyalo somanduleli; uma kunjalo, usuku lwaseNyakatho yeSong lwe-«Rekhodi» ngakho luyangabazeka. Embhalweni wokuqala isicaphuno nosuku akukwazanga ukuhlolwa.
    * **1996.** Itiye lamanje lasungulwa ochwepheshe betiye ngeqabunga lezinhlobo ezinoboya obuningi; izinkomba zilibiza kanyekanye ngetiye lomlando nelisha eliqanjwe ngegama. Abezindaba besifunda babhala ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokusonga (改良蟠曲加工工艺), i-athikili eyireferensi — ukuthi kwasetshenziswa itiye *pan-long* (蟠龙茶) njengesisekelo.
    * **1997.** Ngokwesicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012, ubuchwepheshe baqinisekiswa ngo-1996 emva kwemizamo yeminyaka eminingi, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo itiye lathola ukuhlolwa kwetiye eliqanjwe ngegama ezingeni lesifundazwe.
    * **1999.** Kwavela umkhiqizo othi «Xuedoushan» (雪窦山). Ngo-2015 inani lalo lalinganiselwa kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-176.
    * **2012.** Kwaqala ukulungiswa kwesicelo sophawu. Ngawo lowo nyaka itiye laphakathi kwabawine umncintiswano Womhlaba Wetiye Eliluhlaza edolobheni laseShimada (iShizuoka Prefecture, iJapan), esigabeni semiklomelo yegolide. Lalethulwe ngabaphathi bezolimo namahlathi baseFenghua, umkhiqizi — umfelandawonye wetiye iXuedoushan. Ukwahlulela kwenzeka ngomhla ka-21–22 August; kwathunyelwa amasampula angu-56 — angama-32 aseJapan, ayi-15 aseKorea, ayi-8 aseChina kanye nelilodwa laseTaiwan.
    * **2017.** Isimo somkhiqizo ovikelwe ngemvelaphi yezemvelo (国家生态原产地保护产品).
    * **Imiklomelo.** Ngaphezu kwama-40 ngokomlawuli, ngaphezu kwama-50 ngokwabezindaba besifunda, kuhlanganise nendondo yegolide ephakeme yokuqala yeWorld Green Tea Congress, umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-«Zhongcha Bei» (中茶杯) kanye, ngokwabezindaba besifunda, nendondo yegolide ye-China International Tea Exhibition.
* **Igama:** 奉化 — igama lesifunda; 曲毫 — «uboya obugobile».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ibiza itiye nge-«ikhadi lokuvakasha legolide» (金名片) laseFenghua. Uhlu lwezinkomba lufinyeza ukubukeka ngefomula ethi «色绿、香高、味醇、形美» — umbala oluhlaza, iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okuthambile, isimo esihle.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar:** Izincazelo zikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezinoboya obuningi ezisakazwa ngokungatheliwe (无性系多毫良种) ngaphandle kwamagama. Umbiko wesifunda wango-2023 ubala eningini elilodwa lamamu angama-500 izinhlobo i-fuding dabai (福鼎大白) kanye ne-yingshuang (迎霜); uhlu oluyimpoqo alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Isicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012 sibala uhlobo othi «福鼎白毫» — enoboya obumhlophe obuningi.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Intwasahlobo kuphela. Ukuvuna kuqala ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming futhi kusukela ku-Chunfen kuya ku-Guyu.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Imithombo iyahluka. Abesifundazwe babhala ngeqabunga elilodwa lamahlumela amabili (一芽二叶), umbiko wesifunda wango-2023 — ngeqabunga elilodwa lehlumela elilodwa (一芽一叶), uhlu lwezinkomba — ngeqabunga elilodwa noma amabili amahlumela.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ugu olusempumalanga yeZhejiang; indawo yesifunda, ngokwenkomba, yakhiwa imigqa yezintaba iTiantaishan (天台山) neSimingshan (四明山). Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ichaza indawo enkulu yetiye eShangtian ngefomula ethi «izingxenye eziyisithupha izintaba, ingxenye eyodwa amanzi, izingxenye ezintathu amasimu» (六山一水三分田).
* **Izindawo eziphambili:** iShangtian (尚田) neDayan (大堰); izingadi zetiye zomlando — eduze kwentaba iXuedoushan eduze kwaseXikou.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwewebhusayithi yesifunda, ingadi yaseAnyang eShangtian, lapho ihlangana khona imigqa iSimingshan neTiantaishan, isezingeni elimaphakathi lamamitha angu-400–600, ingadi yaseNanshan — ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-600. Idatha evamile yendawo ayikho.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon, izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi — 16.4 °C (ngokwe-athikili eyireferensi). Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ibhala ngenkungu yonyaka wonke, isimo sezulu esipholile kanye nezimvula eziningi eduze kwengadi yaseAnyang.
* **Umhlabathi:** Ngokwe-athikili eyireferensi — isihlabathi esiphuzi kanye no-«mlotha» (香灰土), owakhiwe phezu kwe-granite kanye namatshe entaba-mlilo, pH 4.5–6.5.
* **Indawo kanye nomkhiqizo:** Izinombolo ziyahluka. Incazelo yenkomba — amahektha ayi-1633 kanye namathani ayi-157 etiye elomile ngonyaka; i-athikili eyireferensi — ngaphezu kwama-mu ayi-13 000; abezindaba besifunda (2024) — ngaphezu kwemindeni eyinkulungwane, ama-mu ayi-16 000 kanye namathani angaphezu kweyi-150; iwebhusayithi yesifunda (2023) — ngaphezu kwama-mu ayi-22 500 kanye nenzuzo yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-120 ngo-2022.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Abezindaba besifunda babala imisebenzi eyisishiyagalombili ethatha amahora angaphezu kwayishumi:

1.  **Ukwehliswa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, *tānqīng*).**
2.  **Ukulungiswa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
3.  **Ukusongwa (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘, *chūhōng*).**
5.  **Ukugazingwa ngokubunjwa (炒干做形).**
6.  **Ukuvezwa koboya (提毫, *tíháo*).**
7.  **Ukuphola nokulinganisa umswakama (摊凉回潮).**
8.  **Ukomiswa kokugcina (足火烘干).**

Efemini yetiye yaseAnyang (安岩), ngokwesango lesifundazwe (2018), ukuhleleka kuyafana — ngokuphola emva kokulungiswa, ngaphandle kokulinganisa umswakama okuhlukile, — futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini liphezulu. Isicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012 sithi yonke inqubo ihunyushelwe emishinini futhi ukubukeka kwetiye akuzange kulimale. Abezindaba besifunda babona umehluko omkhulu ekuhlanganiseni ukusonga nokomisa kanye nokugazinga: ukusonga kudala igobe futhi kusiza ukudluliswa kwezinto emanzini. Izinga lokushisa kanye nobude besikhathi akukho emithonjeni ethembekile.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngokwencazelo yenkomba ekulandiseni okuyireferensi:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Lisongwe laba igobe, liwugqinsi, liluhlaza ngokucwebezela, linoboya obubonakalayo (外形蟠曲肥壮、绿润显毫).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lamanzi:** Ihlanzekile futhi iqinile (清香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味鲜醇回甘).
* **Umbala wamanzi:** Uluhlaza futhi ucacile (汤色绿明).
* **Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe):** Livuleka libe «izimbali», liluhlaza okotshani futhi likhanya (叶底成朵、嫩绿明亮).

Uhlu lwezinkomba lunezela ukukhanya okuphuzi kombala kanye neqabunga eliphekiwe «elimhlophe okwe-jade» elinemizwa eluhlaza okotshani (叶底现玉白色，嫩绿通脉). Umlawuli yena ubiza iqabunga elomile ngokuthi lincane futhi liqinile (细嫩挺秀), okungahambisani kahle negobe eliwugqinsi. Isicelo saseJapan sango-2012 sichaza ukunambitheka njengokugcwele, okumnandi nokupholile, iphunga — njengelisha futhi siphawula ukuthi itiye lisekela izigcwalisa eziningana.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ukulandisa okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba kunikeza lezi zilinganiso eziphansi:

| Isibonakaliso | Inani |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini | okungenani 39 % |
| Ama-phenols etiye | okungenani 14 % |
| I-caffeine | okungenani 4 % |
| Ama-amino acid amahhala | okungenani 3.5 % |

Kuthiwa futhi isilinganiso sama-phenols nama-amino acid sincane (酚氨比较小). Umlawuli ubhala ngokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid «kufika ku-4.2 %» (高达4.2%). Idokhumenti enezilinganiso ayikwazanga ukuvulwa, ngakho izinombolo zinikezwe ngokulandisa.

**8. Izinzuzo Ezisetshenziswayo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba ngetiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
    3. Ukuthela kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yamanzi, bese wengeza amanzi.
    5. Ukuthelwa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi:**

Ngokwesango lesifundazwe, ngo-2018 i-Fenghua Quhao enhle kakhulu emakethe yaseNingbo yayibiza kufika kuma-yuan ayi-1800 nge-jin (500 g). Ngokwamazwi omphathi wenye yezingadi, acashunwe yiwebhusayithi yesifunda, ngo-2023 intengo yemakethe yayizungeza ama-yuan angu-4000 ngekhilogremu.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema umgunyathi:**
    * Funani uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-«奉化曲毫» kanye nophawu lwenkomba; ilungelo lophawu linikezwa izivumelwano neNhlangano Yokuthuthukisa Isiko Letiye laseFenghua.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseFenghua.
    * Leli tiyela lokuqoqwa okukodwa kwentwasahlobo: i-«quhao» yasehlobo noma yasekwindla iyaphikisana nencazelo.
    * Iqabunga ligobile futhi linoboya obumhlophe, hhayi ukuthi liyisicaba futhi liqondile njengase-longjing.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Umdayisi emakethe yetiye yaseNingbo, ngokwesango lesifundazwe, wayethi i-quhao enhle kakhulu «ayinciphi kunalo longjing» (与龙井相媲美).
* Ukusebenzisa uphawu, ngokombiko womlawuli, kwavunyelwana ngamafelandawonye acishe abe ngu-30, ngalinye linengadi engaphezu kwama-mu ayi-100.
* Isimo sango-2017 semvelaphi yezemvelo itiye lasithola ngaphambi kophawu lwesitifiketi nokukhonjwa kwezolimo.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye:**

* **Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Iqabunga eliyisicaba futhi liqondile — umehluko omkhulu ngokwesimo.
* **Yuyao Pubu Xianming ([余姚瀑布仙茗](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yuyao-pubu-xianming)):** Itiye eliluhlaza ledolobha elifanayo laseNingbo, lisuka ezintabeni zaseSimingshan.
* **Wanghai Cha ([望海茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wanghai-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lesifunda saseNinghai, naso esifundeni saseNingbo.
* **Yangyan Gouqing ([羊岩勾青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yangyan-gou-qing)):** Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe laseLinhai empumalanga yeZhejiang.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Fenghua Quhao yitiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo laseFenghua elineqabunga eliwugqinsi elisongwe, uboya obumhlophe, iphunga elihlanzekile neliqinile kanye namanzi aluhlaza. Igama libuyiselwa emugqeni weSong, itiye ngokwalo lasungulwa ngo-1996, futhi ukuvikelwa lalithola ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene. Izinhlobo kanye nezindlela eziqondile zokulungisa azikabhalwa emithonjeni evulekile.