---
title: "I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/fanjingshan-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá (梵净山红茶, Fànjìngshān hóngchá)

I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá itiye elibomvu elivela endaweni eyigugu lomhlaba ye-UNESCO iNtaba i-Fànjìngshān esifundazweni sase-Guìzhōu. Leli tiye liyingxenye yomkhiqizo we-Fànjìngshān Chá (梵净山茶), owathola isimo somkhiqizo oqanjwe ngokwendawo ngo-2016. Itiye liphawuleka ngobumnandi obuhlanzekile, iphunga eliyimbali elintekenteke kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini — okuwumphumela wesimo sezwe esisezindaweni eziphakeme sase-Yúnguì.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidation ephelele.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lasezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Guìzhōu; likhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi zokubumba — elisongekile (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng), eliqondile (条形, tiáo xíng) kanye nelembuququ (颗粒形, kēlì xíng).
* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Guìzhōu (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), idolobha lase-Tóngrén (铜仁市, Tóngrén Shì). Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: isifunda sase-Yìnjiāng (印江土家族苗族自治县, Yìnjiāng Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn), isifunda sase-Jiāngkǒu (江口县, Jiāngkǒu Xiàn), isifunda sase-Shíqiān (石阡县, Shíqiān Xiàn), isifunda sase-Sōngtáo (松桃苗族自治县) nezinye izifunda zase-Tóngrén. Zonke izifunda eziyishumi zase-Tóngrén zingaphansi kwendawo evikelwe ye-Fànjìngshān Chá.
* **Izixhumanisi zomhlaba:** cishe u-27°50′ N, 108°40′ E (isiqongo se-Fànjìngshān — 27°54′ N, 108°42′ E).

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Isiko letiye endaweni yase-Fànjìngshān lihlehlela okungenani enkathini yama-Míng. Ngo-1411 (unyaka we-9 we-Yǒnglè, ukubusa koMbusi uChéngzǔ), itiye lendawo elalivela emzaneni wase-Tuánlóng (团龙村, Tuánlóng Cūn) esifundeni sase-Yìnjiāng lamukelwa njengesipho enkantolo futhi lathola isimo “gòng chá” (贡茶, gòngchá, “itiye lesipho”). Ngokusho “Komlando Womndeni wakwaChái” (《柴氏家谱》), okhokho bomzana wase-Tuánlóng baletha ubuchwepheshe bokutshala itiye kusukela e-Jiāngxī ekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Sòng ne-Yuán (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-13); izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezatshalwa ngaleso sikhathi zisekhona nanamuhla — ubudala bazo bulinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-450–600, futhi zaziwa njenge-“Zhōngguó chá wáng shù” (中国茶王树, “Izihlahla Zetiye Ezingamakhosi aseShayina”): lezi yizihlahla zetiye ezilinyiwe eziqinisekisiwe ezindala kakhulu ezweni. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kokutshala itiye ngendlela yokutshala e-Tóngrén kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980–1990. Ngo-1987 isifunda sase-Yìnjiāng safaka imboni yetiye ohlwini “lwemikhiqizo eyinsika”. Ngo-2005 i-“Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng” (梵净山翠峰, itiye eliluhlaza) lathola isimo somkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kwegama lendawo (地理标志产品). Ngo-2010 indawo yezivande zetiye e-Yìnjiāng kuphela yafinyelela kuma-mǔ angu-21 000, kanti angu-8 500 awo ayekhiqiza. Ngo-2016 wonke umkhiqizo we-Fànjìngshān Chá (kuhlanganise itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza) wathola isimo somkhiqizo onegama lendawo kazwelonke (农产品地理标志) okuvela kuNgqongqoshe Wezolimo we-People’s Republic of China. Ngo-2018 intaba i-Fànjìngshān uqobo yafakwa ohlwini lwamafa emvelo omhlaba we-UNESCO, okwaqinisa ngokwengeziwe isithunzi somkhiqizo emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yawo-2020 umkhiqizo we-Fànjìngshān Chá waba ngumkhiqizo omkhulu kunayo yonke wezifunda ezikhiqiza itiye esifundazweni sase-Guìzhōu ngenani elingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 zama-yuán.
* **Igama:** “Fànjìngshān” (梵净山) — “Intaba Yokuhlanzeka kuka-Brahmā”; igama likhombisa isiko lamaBuddha: “fàn” (梵) — kusukela esiSanskrit *brahma* (okuhlanzekile, okungcwele), “jìng” (净) — “okuhlanzekile, okungangcolisiwe”. I-Fànjìngshān iyisiqongo esikhulu se-Wǔlíng Shān (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān, 2 572 m), enye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina, ehlotshaniswa noMoya Ongcwele uMaitreya. “Hóng chá” (红茶) — itiye elibomvu.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Fànjìngshān iyindawo yokuhlangana kwesiko lokomoya lamaBuddha, amasiko abantu base-Tǔjiā (土家族) nabase-Miáo (苗族), kanye nenqubomgomo yezemvelo yase-Guìzhōu yanamuhla. Itiye lapha lingaphezu kwesiphuzo: liwuphawu “lokuhlanzeka” komhlaba ongathintwanga yizimboni. Isifundazwe sase-Guìzhōu saba yisifunda sokuqala eShayina ukwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane encibilika emanzini kanye ne-glyphosate ezindaweni zokutshala itiye; uhlu lwemithi enqatshelwe lwandiswa lwafinyelela ezinhlotsheni eziyi-128 (uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-66 ezingeni likazwelonke). I-Tóngrén iphinde izibeke njenge-“nhlokodolobha yomhlaba ye-matcha” (世界抹茶之都) — isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza i-matcha (抹茶) emhlabeni wonke, kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo ze-Fànjìngshān.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo / Izilimo:** ekukhiqizweni kwetiye elibomvu kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zendawo eziyingxubevange ([群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong), qúntǐzhǒng) ze-*Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*, kanye nezilimo eziyi-clonal ezijwayele endaweni — i-Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) kanye nemikhiqizo yayo. Izitshalo zingezohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane naphakathi, ziyisihlahla. Izihlahla zetiye zasendulo zomzana wase-Tuánlóng ziyinhlobo ekhethekile enobude obufinyelela ku-5 m nobubanzi besiqu “obulingana nendishi”.
* **Ukuvuna:** ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (uMashi — u-Ephreli) kunikeza izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu; kwenziwa futhi ukuvuna kwasehlobo nasekwindla. Isimo sezulu sezindawana eziphakeme sibambezela ukuqala kokukhula, okuqinisekisa ukunqwabelana kwezakhi zomsoco emifuleni isikhathi eside.
* **Indinganiso yokuvuna:** umumethe o-1 + amaqabunga angu-1–2 ezigabeni eziphakeme; umumethe o-1 + amaqabunga angu-2–3 amukelekile emaqoqweni ajwayelekile.
* **Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa:** iqabunga elisha, eliphelele ngaphandle kokulimala ngezinto ezilimazayo neziqu eziqine; kusetshenzwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna ukuze kugwenywe i-oxidation engalawuleki.

**4. Isimo Sezwe kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Ukuma komhlaba kanye nemvelo:** idolobha lase-Tóngrén lisempumalanga esenyakatho ye-Yúnguì, enkabeni ye-Wǔlíng Shān. Kuphawuleka ngokuma komhlaba okune-karst okushintshana kwezintaba, izigodi kanye nezisekelo. I-Fànjìngshān iyisiqongo esikhulu (2 572 m); ukuminyana kwehlathi endaweni yezintaba kufinyelela ku-95%, izinga le-ion engemihle — lifinyelela ku-120 000/cm³.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshalwa:** izivande zetiye eziyinhloko zisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-400–1 300; indawo ekahle yetiye elibomvu ingu-800–1 300 m, lapho ithonya lesimo sezulu sezintaba libonakala kakhulu.
* **Isimo sezulu:** isimo sezulu esishisayo esimaphakathi esine-monsoon esinokuhlukana okuphawulekayo ngokuphakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-13–18 °C (endaweni yetiye lingu-16–18 °C); imvula yonyaka ingu-1 100–1 500 mm, endaweni yentaba uqobo — ingaphezu kuka-1 500 mm. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungaphakathi kwamahora angu-1 085–1 324/ngonyaka — kuphawuleka “ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane” (寡日照, guǎ rìzhào), okuvamile ezindaweni zetiye zase-Guìzhōu: amafu ahlunga imisebe ebomvu ne-infrared, avumele ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-ultraviolet, okuvuselela ukwakheka kwe-chlorophyll b, ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid kanye nezandulela zamakha eqabungeni. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-200–300. Umehluko okhona phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku.
* **Inhlabathi:** ephuzi, ephuzi-nsundu kanye nebomvu (黄壤、黄棕壤、红壤), ine-acid (i-pH 4.5–6.5), enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Inhlabathi ene-acid yenza u-74.2% wendawo yase-Tóngrén.
* **Imithombo yamanzi:** I-Fànjìngshān iwumngcele ohlukanisa imigudu yamanzi yemifula i-Yuánshuǐ (沅水, umngenela we-Yángzǐ) kanye ne-Wūjiāng (乌江). Intaba inikela ngaphezu kuka-2.8 billion m³ wamanzi ahlanzekile minyaka yonke. Imithombo yamanzi ihlanzekile ngendlela emangalisayo: ngaphezu kuka-60% wemifula ihambisana nezinga III nangaphezulu.
* **Izindlela zokunakekela imvelo:** ezindaweni zokutshala itiye e-Tóngrén kusetshenziswa imodeli “yesivande setiye esinakekela imvelo” ([生态茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shengtai-cha)园, shēngtài cháyuán) sohlobo “ihlathi — isihlahla — utshani” (林-灌-草), lapho phakathi kwemigqa kutshalwa izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-clover ukucindezela ukhula, ukugcina umswakama kanye nokunothisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuyeka ngokuphelele imithi yokubulala ukhula, kugcinwa ukuvunda nokuhlanzeka kweqabunga.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá ikhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi zokubumba — elisongekile, eliqondile kanye nelembuququ; izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ziyahluka esigabeni sokubumba.

* **Ukunaba-kubuna kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶摊青, xiānyè tānqīng):** iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa linabekwa ungqimba omncane ukuze libune kuqala futhi kusebenze ama-enzyme.
* **Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo):** ukwehliswa komswakama weqabunga ngendlela elawulwayo kuze kufinyelele ku-60–65%; iqabunga liba lula ukugoba, kuvele iphunga eliyimbali elilula.
* **Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn):** ukuqeda izindonga zamaseli, ukukhipha ujusi phezulu.
* **Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块, jiěkuài):** ukuhlukanisa izigaxa ezinamathelene ngemva kokusonga ukuze kube nokuvutshelwa okulinganayo.
* **I-oxidation / ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào):** ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zokushisa nomswakama; ubude besikhathi bunqunywa yincweti ngombala nephunga leqabunga elivutshiwe.
* **Ukumiswa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng):** ngomoya oshisayo ukuze kumiswe ukuvutshelwa.
* **Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).**
* **Ukubumba:** kohlobo olusongekile — “搓团提毫” (cuōtuán tíháo, ukugingqa noku-“phakamisa amathiphu”); kohlobo lwemubuqu — “造粒” (zàolì, ukwenza imbuququ).
* **Ukupholisa (摊凉).**
* **Ukumiswa kokugcina (足干, zúgān):** ukwehlisa umswakama ufinyelele ku-≤7%.
* **Ukupholisa nokuhlukanisa (摊凉 → 分级归类, fēnjí guīlèi).**

**6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha Nokuhogela:**

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** imicu emincane, esongwe ngokuqinile (条索细紧, tiáosuǒ xìjǐn); umbala umnyama onokucwebezela okunamafutha (乌润, wūrùn) kanye namathiphu agqamile asagolide (显金豪, xiǎn jīnháo).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** linoshukela (甜香, tiánxiāng) elinethoni yembali ecacile (稍带花香, shāo dài huāxiāng); ezigabeni eziphakeme — amanothi ojusi lwezinyosi nezithelo ezomisiwe.
* **Iphunga lomhluzo:** lihlanzekile, lihlala njalo, linoshukela-imbali; lapho selipholile kuvela imibala yezithelo ezivuthiwe nenyibilikisiwe encane.
* **Ukunambitha:** kumnandi futhi kuthambile (甜醇, tiánchún), kunomzimba oyindilinga kanye nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (3.5–4.5%) kunikeza ukujula okubonakalayo “okufana nomami”, okungajwayelekile ematini abomvu. Ukubuya koshukela okuphawulekayo (回甘).
* **Umbala womhluzo:** ubomvu ngokugqamile futhi usobala (红亮, hóngliàng); ezigabeni eziphakeme — unomsindo osagolide ocacile.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elidliwe):** lithambile, liphelele, linamama ahlukanisekayo; libomvu-ngobhedu futhi linombala olinganayo (细嫩显芽, xìnèn xiǎn yá).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Umkhiqizo okhishwa emanzini (水浸出物):** ≥36.0% — inkomba ephakeme kakhulu kunendlela evamile yaseShayina yamatiye abomvu, ekhombisa ukunotha kokunambitheka okungavamile. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yedolobha lase-Tóngrén, ukuqukethwe komkhiqizo okhishwa emanzini kumatini endawo kufinyelela ku-38–47.8%.
* **Ama-polyphenol:** 20–30% (ngokwendinganiso yomkhiqizo); ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa ingxenye enkulu iguqukela kuma-theaflavin nama-thearubigin.
* **Ama-amino acid:** 3.5–4.5% — inkomba ephakeme ngokungajwayelekile, ebangelwa inhlanganisela yokuphakama, amafu nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane. I-L-theanine igqame phakathi kwama-amino acid akhululekile.
* **Ama-alkaloid:** i-caffeine ~2–4% yesisindo esomile.
* **Umlotha:** ≤6.0%; i-fiber ≤14.5%; inani lempushana ≤1.0%.
* **Amaminerali kanye nama-microelement:** i-Fànjìngshān isendaweni enothe nge-lithium, i-strontium, i-zinc ne-selenium; lezi zinto zikhona kokubili emanzini naseqabungeni letiye.
* **Amavithamini:** iqembu B, uvithamini C (usinda ngokwengxenye ngemva kokuvutshelwa okuphelele).
* **Isici esikhethekile sokwakheka:** imikhiqizo yendawo ihlolwa ngaphezulu kwamapharamitha angama-500 ngokwamazinga e-EU, okuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwezinsalela zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nezinsimbi ezisindayo.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

* **Umphumela wokuvuselela:** i-caffeine ne-L-theanine ngokuhlanganyela zinikeza ukugxilisa okuncane, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kanye “nokuwa kwe-caffeine”.
* **Ukuvikela okuqinile kwe-antioxidant:** ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kanye nemikhiqizo yawo ye-oxidation (ama-theaflavin, ama-thearubigin) kusekela impilo yamaseli futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.
* **Ukusekela ukugayeka kokudla:** kuvuselela kancane ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; ngokwesiko kusetshenziswa endaweni njengesiphuzo ngemva kokudla okukhulu. Inganekwane yendawo yase-Tuánlóng ithi itiye elinamandla lingakwazi “ukuncibilikisa uhlamvu lwemali yethusi” — isingathekiso esiyihaba samandla alo okugaya.
* **Ukusekela umzimba wenhliziyo nemithambo:** ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ngesilinganiso kuhlanganiswa nokuthuthuka kwephrofayili ye-lipids nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
* **Ukunothisa ngama-microelement:** ukuqukethwe kwemvelo kwe-selenium, i-zinc, i-lithium ne-strontium enhlabathini yase-Fànjìngshān kudlulela eqabungeni letiye, okusiza ekugcwaliseni ukuntuleka kwama-micronutrient.
* **Isenzo sokufudumeza:** njengawo wonke amatiye abomvu, i-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá ingeyesigaba “seziphuzo ezifudumele” ekudleni kwesintu baseShayina, ethokozisa isisu.
* **Ukusebenza okuthintana namagciwane:** ama-polyphenol etiye anomsebenzi ophawulekayo wokumisa amagciwane, asekela ukuzivikela komzimba okungokwemvelo.
* **Ukusekela ukusebenza kwengqondo:** ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine (i-amino acid, ephawuleka ematini asethunzini nasezindaweni eziphakeme) kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, kuthuthukisa ukugxilisa futhi kunciphise ukukhathala kwengqondo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuhlangene ne-caffeine, okwandisa umphumela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okuphawuleka ngekhofi.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C emaqoqweni ajwayelekile; 85–90 °C ezigabeni ezintekenteke ezinamathiphu.
* **Inani letiye:** 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gōngfū); 2–3 g ku-200–250 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
* **Izitsha:** i-gàiwǎn (盖碗) yobumba ye-porcelain engu-100–120 ml — ukukhetha okuhle; iketela lengilazi ukuze uthokoze ngokubuka umbala womhluzo; iketela lobumba ukuze uthole amaqoqo acinene.
* **Inqubo:**
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uwakhiphe.
  2. Faka itiye, uvale ngesembozo imizuzwana embalwa futhi uhlole iphunga leqabunga elomile.
  3. Ukuhlanza (uma uthanda): thela ngokushesha imizuzwana engu-2–3.
  4. Ukuqala: imizuzwana engu-5–8.
  5. Okulandelayo: yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-3–5.
  6. Inani lokuphisa: 6–8 emaqoqweni asezingeni.
* **Qaphela:** ukuqukethwe okuphezulu komkhiqizo okhishwa emanzini (≥36%) kwenza i-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá ihlale isikhathi eside lapho isetshenziswa kaninginingi — umhluzo uhlala unambitheka nakulokho okuphindaphindwayo kwakamuva.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Izitsha ezingangeni moya, ezingangenwa ukukhanya (ibhokisi likathayela, isikhwama se-foil esine-vacuum); izinga lokushisa elingu-10–25 °C; ukuvikela emswakameni namaphunga angaphandle. Isikhathi sekhwalithi engcono: izinyanga eziyi-12–24. Isimo sezulu sase-Guìzhōu sinomswakama omkhulu, ngakho-ke uma kugcinwa endaweni ngokwayo kunconywa ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezine-silica gel noma ukufaka emaphaketheni e-vacuum.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomguni:**

Isigaba sentengo: ukusuka emazingeni aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu. Amaqoqo ayisisekelo — kusukela ku-100–300 yuán ngejīn (500 g); izigaba zentwasahlobo eziphakeme ezinamathiphu — kusukela ku-300–600 yuán nangaphezulu. Izici ezibangela intengo: ukuphakama kwesivande, inkathi yokuvuna (intwasahlobo iyabiza kakhulu), isilinganiso samathiphu, indlela yokusonga kanye nobukhona besitifiketi se-organic.

* **Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomguni:**
  1. Hlola umaka: emaphaketheni kufanele kube nophawu lwe-Fànjìngshān Chá kanye nophawu lwegama lendawo; ilungelo lokusebenzisa umkhiqizo lilawulwa yiNhlangano Yetiye Yase-Tóngrén.
  2. Hlola iphunga: elihlanzekile, elimnandi, elinethoni yembali; ukungabikho kobulukhuni bamakhemikhali noma ukugula.
  3. Lawula umhluzo: ogqamile, osobala, obomvu; ukufiphala noma umbala onsundu ngokumnyama kukhombisa ukuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.
  4. Hlola ukunambitheka: ubumnandi obuphawulekayo nokuhlanzeka kokunambitheka okusemva ngaphandle kokumuncu noma ukugqunywa yisikhunta.
  5. Hlola imvelaphi: amaqoqo angcono akhiqizwa ezifundeni zase-Yìnjiāng, e-Jiāngkǒu nase-Shíqiān.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Emzaneni wase-Tuánlóng esifundeni sase-Yìnjiāng kunezihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingama-20 ezineminyaka eyi-450–600; zaziwa njengezihlahla zetiye ezilinyiwe eziqinisekisiwe ezindala kakhulu eShayina futhi zithwele isiqu “Zhōngguó chá wáng shù” (中国茶王树). Ukuphakama kwezinye izibonelo kufinyelela ku-5 m, ububanzi besiqu — cishe u-15 cm.
* INtaba i-Fànjìngshān iyigugu lemvelo lomhlaba le-UNESCO (kusukela ngo-2018) futhi ingesinye sezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina, ehlotshaniswa noBuddha ozayo uMaitreya. Izindela zase-Fànjìngshān, ngokwesiko, zaziphakathi kwabokuqala abaqala ukwenza itiye kule ndawo.
* I-Guìzhōu iyisifundazwe sokuqala eShayina esanqabela ngokuphelele i-glyphosate nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane encibilika emanzini ezindaweni ezitshalwa itiye; uhlu lwezinto ezenqatshelwe lwandiswa lusuka kwezingama-66 (okuyindinganiso kazwelonke) lwaya kweziyi-128. Imikhiqizo ye-Fànjìngshān Chá ihlolwa ngaphezu kwamapharamitha angama-500 ngokwamazinga e-EU, okwenza ibe ngenye “ehlanzekile kakhulu” eShayina.
* I-Tóngrén izibeka njenge-“nhlokodolobha yomhlaba ye-matcha”: esifundeni sase-Jiāngkǒu ezansi ne-Fànjìngshān kukhona ifektri ye-matcha enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (贵茶产业园), nayo esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela ezindaweni ezitshalwa umkhiqizo we-Fànjìngshān Chá.
* Ngokusho kwenganekwane evela “Emlandweni Womndeni WakwaChái”, ngo-1411 isikhulu sendawo se-tǔsī (土司, inkosi eyifa) sasidinga ngokuphuthumayo isipho sokuya enkantolo; ukhokho waso “Róngzǔ” (荣祖) wacabanga ukuletha itiye lase-Tuánlóng, futhi uMbusi uYǒnglè wathokoza kangangokuthi itiye lafakwa phakade ohlwini “lwezipho eziyigugu” (宠物).

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Ama-Tiye Abomvu:**

* **Zūnyì Hóngchá ([遵义红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zunyi-hongcha), Zūnyì Hóngchá)** — elinye itiye elibomvu elidumile lase-Guìzhōu, elifakwe ohlwini lwamatini ayishumi angcono kakhulu esifundazweni. I-Zūnyì Hóng ngokuvamile inomunyu kakhulu futhi inothe, igxile kumanothi e-malt. I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá intekenteke kakhudlwana, imnandi futhi ihlanzekile ukwedlula kulephrofayili, inethoni yembali egqamile.
* **Qímén Hóngchá ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha), Qímén Hóngchá)** — itiye elibomvu elikhulu lase-Ānhuī. I-Qímén idume ngephunga eliyingqayizivele elinongwe nge-orchid “qímén xiāng”; i-Fànjìngshān ayinalo lobunzima bephunga, kodwa ikwakhipha ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid nokujula kokunambitheka “okufana nomami” okugqamile.
* **Zhāopíng Hóngchá ([昭平红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhaoping-hongcha), Zhāopíng Hóngchá)** — itiye elibomvu lase-Guǎngxī, okungumkhiqizo wesifunda osanda kwenziwa. Womabili la matiye — angamatiye amancane aseNingizimu yeShayina e-gōngfū hóng, kodwa i-Zhāopíng Hóng ilula futhi isongeke ngokuvundla, kuyilapho i-Fànjìngshān iminyene futhi inothe ngokukhiphekayo.
* **Diān Hóng ([滇红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong), Diān Hóng)** — itiye elibomvu lase-Yúnnán elinamaqabunga amakhulu. I-Diān Hóng inamandla, “inoshukela” futhi ine-malt ethe xaxa; i-Fànjìngshān, ngoba inamaqabunga amancane naphakathi, intekenteke kakhulu futhi imnandi kakhulu emakheni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokuqukethwe komkhiqizo okhishwa emanzini (kuze kufike ku-47.8%) amatiye ase-Tóngrén ayakwazi ukuncintisana nalawo ase-Yúnnán anamaqabunga amakhulu, yize ubungako beqabunga buhluke ngokuphelele.
* **Shíqiān Táichá Hóng (石阡苔茶红, Shíqiān Táichá Hóng)** — itiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Shíqiān, naso esiyingxenye yedolobha lase-Tóngrén. Likhiqizwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwendabuko lwendawo i-Shíqiān Táichá, oluphawuleka ngeqabunga eliwugqinsi, “elinobulembu” (苔, tái). Uma kuqhathaniswa nalo, i-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá ihluke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izinto eziningi futhi inethoni yembali egqamile.

**Eziphethweni:**

I-Fànjìngshān Hóngchá itiye elizalwe endaweni yokuhlangana kwengcwele yamaBuddha, amagugu e-UNESCO kanye nokuhamba phambili kwezemvelo. Isimo sezwe sezintaba eziphakeme sase-Yúnguì, enamafu, inkungu kanye “nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane”, sakha iqabunga elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu ngokungajwayelekile kwama-amino acid nezinto ezikhiphekayo, okunikeza itiye elibomvu eliphelelisiwe ubumnandi obujulile, obuhlanzekile kanye nokuqina uma lisetshenziswa kaninginingi. Leli tiye lilungele labo abazisa amatiye abomvu athambile, kodwa “anokuqukethwe okunothe”, ngaphandle komunyu ohlulayo — nalabo abafuna ukuthinta esinye sezifunda zetiye ezihlanzekile kakhulu emhlabeni eShayina ngokwemvelo.