---
title: "Dàmiáoshān hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/damiaoshan-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Dàmiáoshān hóngchá (大苗山红茶)

**I-Damiaoshan Hongcha** (*Dàmiáoshān hóngchá*, 大苗山红茶) itiye elibomvu lase-Rongshui Miao Autonomous County (融水苗族自治县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Liuzhou enyakatho ye-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. I-大苗山 isho “izintaba ezinkulu zamaMiao,” okuyigama lomlando lale ndawo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingamathisipuni endawo: izihlahla ezindala, itiye lasendle, kanye nezitshalo ezikhethiwe ezivela kuzo. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2020 igama liyinkomba yezolimo yendawo, ngo-2023 kwamukelwa izinga leqembu lalo, kwathi ngo-2025 langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enenkombandlela yendawo ye-CNIPA.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), elibiliswe ngokuphelele. Isigaba siqanjwe egameni; uMnyango Wezolimo wase-Guangxi (2024) uchaza umkhiqizo njengetiye elibomvu le-gongfu (工夫红茶, *gōngfu hóngchá*), futhi kuyo yonke imichazelo yobuchwepheshe etholakele kunokubila.
* **Isigaba:** Inkomba yezolimo yendawo (2020), umkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo ye-CNIPA (2025); kusukela ngo-2024 usohlwini lwemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, esezingeni, nemisha yezwe.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, *Guǎngxī*), umasipala wase-Liuzhou (柳州, *Liǔzhōu*), i-Rongshui Miao Autonomous County (融水, *Róngshuǐ*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Isifunda sonke — izigodi namadolobhana angama-20 kanye nemiphakathi engama-206 ekuwo: i-Rongshui, i-Hemu, i-Sanfang, i-Huaibao, i-Dalang, i-Dongtou, i-Yongle, i-Danian, i-Liangzhai, i-Gongdong, i-Hongshui, i-Baiyun, i-Tonglian Yao Township, i-Wangdong, i-Gandong, i-Gunbei Dong Township, i-Xiangfen, i-Sirong, i-Antai kanye ne-Anchui. Uhlu lunikezwe esithasiselweni sesaziso se-CNIPA futhi luphindwe ekuchazeni kabusha okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba; lapho futhi isilinganiso sokuvikelwa singamahektare ayi-13 000 namathani angu-5000 ngonyaka.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 108°34′–109°27′ empumalanga kanye no-24°49′–25°43′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** Umlando weminyaka yakamuva unikezwe uphiko lwezolimo lwesifunda embikweni wango-2021.
    * **Kusukela ngo-2008** iminyango yesifunda nesifundazwe icwaninga ngemithombo yetiye yendawo.
    * **2013.** UMnyango Wezolimo wagunyaza endaweni isiza sokulondoloza izakhi zofuzo zetiye lasendle lase-Yuanbaoshan Mountain endaweni yemvelo; ngaleso sikhathi kwakhiwa isizinda sesifunda sesikhungo sikazwelonke sobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe bemboni yetiye e-Liuzhou, kwaqala nokukhethwa kwetiye lendawo.
    * **2018.** Kwaphuma incwadi ethi «柳州融水九万山古茶树研究» — ngezihlahla ezindala zase-Jiuwanshan Mountain.
    * **2020.** Ekupheleni kukaZibandlela uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemaphandleni wabhalisa inkomba (inombolo AGI03234; izinga leqembu libhekisela esazisweni sikamongameli ongu-378 sango-2020). NgoSepthemba 2021 izimboni ezinhlanu zazivunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu.
    * **2023.** Ngo-19–21 Julayi emhlanganweni wesayensi nasekuhlolweni kwetiye esifundeni izinkampani eziyishumi nambili zathola ilungelo lophawu; lapho kwaxoxwa ngezinga leqembu. Ngo-28 Julayi kwaphuma izinga leqembu T/LZBX 023-2023 «农产品地理标志 大苗山红茶» le-Liuzhou Standards and Technology Association (柳州市标准技术协会). Ngokwesifinyezo, liqukethe indawo evikelwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwamazinga ngamasampula ayisilinganiso, izidingo, izindlela zokuhlola, ukumakwa nokugcinwa. Umbhalo wezinga angiwubonanga.
    * **2024.** Itiye langena ohlwini lwesibili lwango-2024 lwemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, esezingeni, nemisha yezwe (全国名特优新农产品名录).
    * **2025.** Ngesaziso se-CNIPA ongu-640 sango-16 Julayi imikhiqizo eyi-1409, kuhlanganise ne-Damiaoshan Hongcha, yaqashelwa njengemikhiqizo enenkomba yendawo.
* **Igama:** «Damiaoshan» (大苗山) — «izintaba ezinkulu zamaMiao», «hongcha» (红茶) — «itiye elibomvu». Igama liqamba isifunda, hhayi uhlobo noma isimo seqabunga.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Okubhalwe nguMnyango Wezolimo wase-Guangxi (2025) kukhuluma ngesizinda sabafundi besikole emzaneni wamaMiao wase-Yubu (雨卜苗寨) esigodini sase-Xiangfen: ezifundweni kufakwe isiko lamaMiao lokwenza «打油茶» — ukwenza “itiye lamafutha” — kanye nokukhiqiza itiye ngesandla.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Uhlobo oluqanjiwe alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwencazelo yesifunda (2021), izinto ezisetshenziswayo yizihlahla zakudala zase-Jiuwanshan Mountain (九万山, *Jiǔwànshān*), itiye lasendle lase-Yuanbaoshan Mountain (元宝山, *Yuánbǎoshān*), izihlahla ezindala emizaneni yamaMiao, kanye nezitshalo ezingcono kakhulu ezikhethwe kule mithombo. Imithombo ka-2024 no-2025 ibiza imigqa emithathu yomkhiqizo: itiye lezihlahla zakudala zase-Jiuwanshan, itiye lasendle lase-Yuanbaoshan, kanye netiye lezihlahla ezindala zesifunda sase-Rongjiang (融江, *Róngjiāng*).
* **Ukuvuna:** Azikho izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, izingadi zise-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, ezintabeni zasempumalanga ze-Miaoling Range (苗岭, *Miáolǐng*). Ihlathi limboza ngaphezu kuka-80% wendawo; imithombo ka-2024 no-2025 inika u-81.77%.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Encazelweni yenkomba — imvula eningi, ukuhlangana kwenkathi yemvula nefudumele, ilanga elilinganayo, amafu nezinkungu ezivamile; ngokombono wabaqambi, lokhu kusiza ekuqongeleleni kwama-amino acid, ushukela, nezinto ezikhishwayo. Umthombo ka-2024 wengeza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku. Azikho izinombolo zamazinga okushisa nemvula emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** **400–1300 m** — encazelweni yenkomba nasemthonjeni ka-2025.
* **Umhlabathi:** Uhlobo lomhlabathi alukho emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Isilinganiso somkhakha:** Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ka-2022 — izinkundla zetiye ezingama-36 000 mu (1 mu ilingana namamitha-skwele angaba ngu-667), amathani angu-782 etiye elomile kanye nezimboni nama-cooperative angu-22; ngokwemithombo ka-2024 no-2025 — izinkundla ezifanayo ezingama-36 000 mu, kuzo ezingama-25 000 mu zikhiqiza isivuno, namathani angu-990 etiye elomile ngonyaka. Ukuchazwa kabusha okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba kubiza “isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sika-2020” ngama-mu angu-195 000 namathani angu-5000. Lokhu kuyisilinganiso sokuvikelwa — amahektare ayi-13 000 — futhi kukhulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunesilinganiso sezingadi esibikwa yisifunda.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokomthombo woMnyango Wezolimo wase-Guangxi (2025), itiye lenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo: ukubuna elangeni ([晒青](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shai-qing)), ukusonga, ukubilisa, ukomisa. Ngonyaka owedlule umnyango ofanayo wabiza isigaba sokuqala ngokubuna okuvamile (萎凋) — imithombo iyaphikisana lapha. Akukho mthombo onikeza imingcele; umbiko wesifunda ka-2021 ukhuluma kuphela “ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekile.” Izidingo zomkhiqizo zifakwe ezingeni leqembu lika-2023, kodwa umbhalo walo angiwubonanga.

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋 — *wěidiāo*; emthonjeni ka-2025 — elangeni, 晒青 — *shàiqīng*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻 — *róuniǎn*):** Amangqamuzana eqabunga ayaphuka, ujusi uphumela ngaphandle.
3.  **Ukubilisa (发酵 — *fājiào*):** I-oxidation kuze kube umbala obomvu wethusi.
4.  **Ukomisa (干燥 — *gānzào*):** Kumisa i-oxidation.

Izincazelo zezigaba ziyisikimu esijwayelekile setiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Damiaoshan Hongcha.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa:**

Incazelo engezansi ivela ekuchazeni kabusha okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ukusongeka okuqinile nokuncane, kumnyama kunokucwebezela (条索紧结，色泽乌润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Limnandi futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气甜香持久). Lapho futhi nasemibikweni yesifunda — iphunga “loju noshukela” (蜜糖香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumnandi, kuthambile, kusha futhi kuvuselela (滋味甜醇、鲜爽); isifunda sibhala ngokunambitheka okugcwele nokuyindilinga (口感醇厚).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Ubomvu futhi ukhanya (汤色红亮); esifundeni — ubomvu ngokugqamile (汤色红艳).
* **Isisefo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Kubomvu futhi kukhanya (叶底红、明亮).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Ukuchazwa kabusha okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba kunikeza izinkomba eziyinhloko zekhwalithi:

| Inkomba | Inani |
| :--- | :--- |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | okungenani 36 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | okungenani 9 % |
| Isamba sama-amino acid akhululekile | okungenani 3.5 % |
| Enye inkomba | 4–6 % |

Igama lenkomba yesine lilahlekile embhalweni wekhasi, futhi ngeke ngiliqagele. Umthombo wokuqala angiwubonanga; lokhu kuyinkomba ene-attribution, hhayi umthetho.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gaiwan noma itepoti le-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
    2. Ukufaka itiye.
    3. Ukusheshisa ukugeza iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese ukuchitha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
    5. Ukukhipha konke.
    6. Ukuphisa kabusha izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa, ngakunye kude kancane kunokwedlule.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, epakishwe ngokuqinile, kude nephunga nomswakama.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwenkomba yendawo «大苗山红茶»: ngo-2023 ilungelo lokulusebenzisa latholwa izinkampani eziyishumi nambili zesifunda.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Rongshui Miao Autonomous County.
    * Iqabunga elomile — ukusongeka okumnyama okuqinile nokucwebezelayo, ukuphisa — kubomvu futhi kukhanya, iphunga — limnandi, linenothi loju.

**12. Amaqiniso Ahehayo:**

* Ohlwini lwendawo kunezigodi ezimbili ezinezincazelo zezinhlanga — eyamaYao neyamaDong. Kanye nesimo samaMiao sesifunda lokhu kusho ukuthi indawo ihlanganisa izindawo zezizwe eziningana zasemaphandleni, hhayi eyodwa.
* Itiye lasendle lase-Yuanbaoshan Mountain kusukela ngo-2013 livikelwa njengegciwane lezakhi zofuzo endaweni yemvelo — futhi liwumunye wemigqa emithathu yezinto ezisetshenziswayo.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu ase-Guangxi:**

* **I-Baise Hongcha ([百色红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baise-hongcha)):** Igama lesifunda entshonalanga ye-Guangxi; linochwepheshe oqanjiwe — i-Lingyun Baihao, kanti i-Damiaoshan Hongcha izinto ezisetshenziswayo zichazwa ngendawo nobudala bezihlahla.
* **I-Lingyun Hong Cha ([凌云红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lingyun-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Lingyun lohlobo olufanayo lwe-Lingyun Baihao.
* **I-Longji Hong Cha ([龙脊红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/longji-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lasezintabeni zase-Longji enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Guangxi, nalo livela ezihlahleni ezindala.
* **I-Sanjiang Lü Cha ([三江绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/sanjiang-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Sanjiang kumasipala ofanayo wase-Liuzhou — ukuqhathanisa ngesigaba.
* **I-Jinxiu Hongcha ([金秀红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jinxiu-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lase-Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County ezintabeni zase-Dayao Mountain — elinye igama elendawo evikelwe ehlangana nesifunda esizimele sasezintabeni sase-Guangxi.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Damiaoshan Hongcha itiye elibomvu lezintaba zamaMiao enyakatho ye-Guangxi elivela ezintweni zendawo: izihlahla ezindala zase-Jiuwanshan, itiye lasendle lase-Yuanbaoshan, nezitshalo ezikhethiwe ezivela kuzo. Incazelo yenkomba iyinika ukusongeka okumnyama okuqinile, ukuphisa okubomvu okukhanyayo, iphunga elimnandi elihlala isikhathi eside, nokunambitheka okuthambile nokusha; izingadi zisendaweni ephakeme ngo-400–1300 m phakathi kwamahlathi amboza ngaphezu kuka-80% wesifunda.