---
title: "cúnchá · bǎozhìqī"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/cuncha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-09-23
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# cúnchá · bǎozhìqī (存茶 · 保质期)

Ukugcinwa kwetiye ekhaya kulula kunalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo, kodwa kudinga isinqumo esisodwa ekuqaleni: ukuthi yini ngempela esiyigcinayo — ubusha noma isikhathi. Konke okunye kuncike kulokhu: isitsha, indawo, ukufinyelela komoya, izikhathi zokugcina. Indlela efanayo esindisa isicwecwe se-puer iona ibulala itiye eliluhlaza elivunwe entwasahlobo, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

NgesiShayina ukugcinwa kwetiye kuthiwa 存茶 (*cúnchá*), kanti usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, lolo oluphrintiwe emaphaketheni, luthiwa 保质期 (*bǎozhìqī*). La magama amabili aphila ngemigomo ehlukene. I-保质期 inani lokuphatha, isibopho somkhiqizi: kuze kube yilolo suku umkhiqizo uhambisana nezici eziwushiwo. I-存茶 umkhuba lapho kwengxenye yamatiye ubudala buthathwa njengobuhle, futhi lapho usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi luba yinto esemthethweni enemibandela.

## Imigomo emibili: usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye ne-越陈越香

Wonke amatiye aseShayina naseThayiwani ngokuphathelene nesikhathi ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili, futhi umngcele phakathi kwawo awuhambisani nombala wokuphuza, noma nentengo.

Iqembu lokuqala — amatiye anenani eliphezulu ekuqaleni kwempilo futhi liyancipha. Lawa itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*), itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, *huángchá*), kanye nama-oolong amasha anokugazingwa okuncane — awaseThayiwani asezintabeni eziphakeme, 文山包种 (*wénshān bāozhǒng*), izinhlobo eziluhlaza ze-铁观音 (*tiěguānyīn*). Umsebenzi wawo ukuletha enkomishini iphunga elimnandi eselivele lakhiwe embonini. Noma yiluphi ushintsho lapha luya ngokuncipha: iphunga elimnandi liyafiphala, kuvele iphunga lotshani noma lekhadibhodi, ubuhlaza buya ekumnandini okufiphele ngaphandle kokusekelwa. Kulawo usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lunengqondo ngokoqobo.

Iqembu lesibili — amatiye aklanywe ngokucabangela ukuguga: i-sheng puer (生普, *shēngpǔ*), i-shu puer (熟普, *shúpǔ*), i-heicha (黑茶, *hēichá*) — 六堡 (*liùbǎo*), izitini zase-Anhua kanye ne-千两 (*qiānliǎng*), 茯砖 (*fúzhuān*), itiye elimhlophe (白茶, *báichá*), kanye nengxenye yama-oolong agazingwe kakhulu — 岩茶 (*yánchá*), i-铁观音 yendabuko ene-焙火 ephezulu (*bèihuǒ*), i-冻顶 eligugile (*dòngdǐng*). Nge-puer lo mgomo ubekwe emgomeni we-越陈越香 (*yuè chén yuè xiāng*) — «indala, iphunga elimnandi kakhulu». Yiwona oyisisekelo senani lokuqoqa, ikakhulukazi kwi-sheng; ku-shu kusebenza futhi, kodwa ngokuthambile — iminyaka iletha ukubushelezi, 醇厚陈香 (*chúnhòu chénxiāng*), iphunga elimnandi eligugile futhi eliminyene, kanti ezinhlotsheni zase-Menghai kuvela i-勐海味 (*měnghǎiwèi*) eyaziwayo.

Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*) limi phakathi kwamaqembu, liseduze neqembu lokuqala. Alinteki njengeluhlaza: ukukhishwa komoyampilo sekuvele kwenzekile, akukho okulahlekayo ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa amathoni aphezulu ezimbali nezithelo ku-滇红 omuhle (*diānhóng*) noma i-金骏眉 (*jīnjùnméi*) ayahamba kuqala, futhi emva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu kusala umzimba ngaphandle kwesiqongo. Itiye elibomvu eligugile likhona njengento futhi ngezinye izikhathi liyathandeka, kodwa akusiyo indlela umkhiqizi ayibeka etiyeni.

| Isigaba | Ubudala | Okulahlekayo noma okuvelayo | Ukufinyelela komoya |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eliluhlaza, eliphuzi | iphutha | kuhamba ubusha, kuvela utshani nekhadibhodi | okuncane kakhulu, kuvalwe ngokuqinile |
| I-oolong egazingwe kancane | iphutha | kuhamba isiqongo sezimbali, ingozi ye-返青 | okuncane kakhulu, kuvalwe ngokuqinile |
| Elibomvu | ngokuvamile iphutha | kuhamba amathoni aphezulu, umzimba uyabambelela | okuncane |
| I-oolong egazingwe kakhulu | akunandaba noma kuhle | kuhamba ukushisa kokugazinga, kuvela ubumnandi | okulinganiselwe |
| Elimhlophe | kuhle uma kugcinwe kahle | kuvela ukujula kwezimbali zoju kanye nokotshani, «okwesundu» | okulinganiselwe, ngaphandle kokuvalwa ngokuphelele |
| I-sheng puer | ubuhle | kuvela iphunga elimnandi eligugile | kuyadingeka |
| I-shu puer | ubuhle, kuthambile | kuyabusheleka, kuhamba iphunga «lasendlini yokugcina» | kuyadingeka |
| I-heicha | ubuhle | kuyajula, ku-茯砖 kusebenza i-金花 | kuyadingeka |

## Izitha ezine

Umswakama, iphunga langaphandle, ukukhanya, ukushisa. Ukuhleleka kwengozi akuhambisani nokuhleleka kokubonakala.

**Iphunga langaphandle** — elibucayi kakhulu, ngoba ukuphela kwalo umphumela wakho ungenakulungiseka. Itiye liyinto enezimbotshana ezinendawo enkulu futhi linamandla okubamba izinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo. Kulesi sakhiwo kwakhiwe ubuchwepheshe bonke: 窨制 (*yìnzhì*), ukugcwalisa itiye ngephunga lezimbali ekukhiqizweni kwetiye le-jasmine, kusebenza ngoba iqabunga liyamunca. Ekhaya kusebenza okufanayo, kodwa umthombo uba isinongo, insipho, ikhofi, impushana yokuwasha noma iphakethe elingumakhelwane le-lapsang ebhemayo. Umswakama ungamiswa, ukukhanya kungasuswa, ukushisa kungasuswa — iphunga elimunyiwe alisuseki. Kusukela ekhabetheni eduze nekhofi eligayiwe itiye ngeke libuyele kulokho elaliyikho.

**Umswakama** — owesibili ngokubaluleka nowokuqala ngokuvama. Itiye lithanda umswakama, futhi umswakama ophezulu endlini uqala ngokufiphaza iphunga elimnandi, bese uletha iphunga elimuncu noma elibolile, bese kuba isikhunta. Kumatiye angenakuvutshelwa kanye nalawo agazingwe kancane ukuthola umswakama kubonakala njenge-返青 (ngakho ngezansi). Ku-puer ecindezelwe umswakama oqhubekayo uletha iphunga lokubumbela, umuntu alibhale ngephutha njengelokuguga.

**Ukushisa** kusheshisa konke osekuqhubekayo: ukuhwamuka kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, ukukhishwa komoyampilo kwamafutha, ukufiphala kweqabunga elomile. Ngetiye eliluhlaza ukushisa kuwukulahlekelwa okuqondile komkhiqizo. Nge-puer ukushisa okulingene kuyingxenye yenqubo, kodwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kubi ukudlula ukushisa okungaguquki: kuhambisa umswakama ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesicwecwe.

**Ukukhanya**, ikakhulukazi ilanga eliqondile, kucekela phansi imibala futhi kuletha iphunga lokungashisi kahle, ngezinye izikhathi elichazwa ngokuthi elilanga noma elenhlanzi. Imbiza ekhanyayo eshalofini eduze kwefasitela — yiphutha lasendlini elivame kakhulu, ngoba itiye kuyo libukeka lilihle.

Into yesihlanu, umoyampilo, iziphatha ngendlela ekabili futhi ngenxa yalokho ayizange ifakwe ohlwini lwezitha. Ngetiye eliluhlaza kanye ne-oolong egazingwe kancane umoya uyisitha, zigcinwa zivalwe ngokuphelele. Nge-puer ne-heicha ukushintshana nomoya kuyadingeka: ngaphandle kwakho ukuguga akuqhubeki, futhi isicwecwe esivalwe ngokuqinile nge-foil iminyaka eyishumi siyohlala sicishe sifane naleso sicwecwe.

## 保质期: ukuthi usuku emaphaketheni lusho ukuthini

Emaphaketheni aseShayina i-保质期 iboniswa ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ngetiye eliluhlaza, eliphuzi kanye ne-oolong egazingwe kancane ngokuvamile kubhalwa isikhathi esingaphakathi konyaka owodwa nengxenye, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka emibili — ngokuphathelene nokupakishwa okuvaliwe kanye nokuboniswa kwezimo ezifana nokuthi «indawo eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle». Isikhathi esiqondile yisinqumo somkhiqizi, hhayi inani elifanayo kubo bonke: angizinikezi izinombolo zamazinga nezikhathi eziqondile zomthetho, ngoba ziyahlukahluka ngezigaba nangezinguqulo zamadokhumenti, futhi kufanele zihlolwe ngombhalo osemthethweni wakamuva, hhayi ngenkumbulo.

Injongo engokoqobo yalolu suku kumsebenzisi wasekhaya: kuze kube yilolo suku iphrofayili ewushiwo iqinisekisiwe, ngemva kwalolo suku itiye alibi yingozi, kodwa liyayeka ukuba yilokho elalithengwe njengakho. I-龙井 (*lóngjǐng*) eyisiwe yisikhathi ngezinyanga eziyisithupha — akusilo ushevu, kodwa nje akuseyona i-龙井 ngomqondo wephunga elimnandi.

Icala elihlukile — i-puer ne-heicha. Kulawo kuvame ukubhalwa indlela efana nokuthi «ngokugcinwa okufanele usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi alunamkhawulo» noma kuboniswe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Lokhu akusilo iqhinga lokukhangisa futhi akusilo igebe: kulawa matiye ukushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyisici esimemezelwe somkhiqizo, hhayi ukuwohloka. Umkhawulo ufihliwe egameni elithi «okufanele». Lona ludlulisela umthwalo kwezimo: indawo eyomile enomoya omuhle ngaphandle kwamaphunga. Isicwecwe esinesikhunta esivela egumbini elingaphansi eliswakeme singena ngaphansi kwalelo «alunamkhawulo» ngokomthetho futhi asingeni ngokoqobo — sonakele, asizange sigugiswe.

Yilapho kufanele kugcinwe khona ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqolobane. 干仓 (*gāncāng*) — inqolobane eyomile: inqubo ihamba kancane, ihlanzekile futhi ibikezelwe, lena indlela yeprimiyamu kanye nengxenye ekhomba ekhaya. 湿仓 (*shīcāng*) — inqolobane eswakeme: iguga ngokushesha, kodwa enobungozi besikhunta nokonakala; ngokomlando ihambisana nomkhuba waseHong Kong 港仓 (*gǎngcāng*). Ekhaya ukulingisa i-湿仓 akudingekile futhi akufanele: ukulawula ngaphandle kolwazi namathuluzi akunakwenzeka, futhi umehluko phakathi «kokugugiswa okusheshisiwe» kanye «netiye elonakele» lapha ulinganiswa ngamasonto.

Isilinganiso somlando esiqondiswa kuso umdlandla wokuqoqa sibukeka kanje: 号级茶 (*hàojíchá*) — amatiye amadala ezindlu zokuhweba ezizimele 商号 ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1950, 同庆 (*tóngqìng*), 宋聘 (*sòngpìn*), 福元昌 (*fúyuánchāng*), izinto eziyivelakancane endalini; 印级茶 (*yìnjíchá*) — imikhiqizo ye-中茶 (*zhōngchá*) yeminyaka yawo-1950–70, ehlukaniswa ngombala wophawu lohlamvu 中: 红印 (*hóngyìn*), 绿印 (*lǜyìn*), 黄印 (*huángyìn*); 七子级 (*qīzǐjí*) — kusukela eminyakeni yawo-1970, inkathi yezinombolo zokupheka 唛号 (*màihào*), kuhlanganise ne-7542; inkathi yesimanje — kusukela eminyakeni yawo-1990. Umuntu ogcina ekhaya uthinteka kulokhu ngokungaqondile, kodwa kuchaza ukuthi kungani ngaphansi kwe-puer kwakhiwe isiko lokuguga: linomkhondo omude oqinisekiswe umkhuba.

## 退火: ukuphumula ngemva kokugazinga

退火 (*tuìhuǒ*) ngokoqobo kusho «ukuhlehla komlilo». I-oolong eye yadlula ku-焙火, ngokushesha ngemva kokugazinga ithwala ukushisa: iqabunga elomile liphunga njengeziko, ukunambitha kuletha ukoma okulunywa umphimbo, iphunga liminyene, kuzwakala amalahle noma ukushiswa kwe-caramel okumboza konke okunye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lolu ungqimba luyahamba, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kuvela ubumnandi, ukuminyana kanye nalelo phunga elimnandi okwenzelwe lona ukugazinga.

Ukuthi kufanele kulindwe isikhathi esingakanani — kuncike ezingeni lokugazinga nasekutiyeni. Ukugazinga okuncane kuhamba emasontweni, okuphakathi nokuqinile — ezinyangeni; nge-岩茶 egazingwe kakhulu ngokuvamile kukhulunywa ngezikhathi ezingaba yingxenye yonyaka noma ngaphezulu, kanti nge-铁观音 yendabuko esindayo — ngezinye izikhathi ngeminyaka. Azikho izinombolo eziqondile ezijwayelekile lapha, futhi noma iyiphi ithebula elithi «amasonto angaka ngezinga elingaka» lizoba yinto enemibandela: amanye amaqoqo avuleka ngokushesha okuphawulekayo kunamanye. Isilinganiso esisebenzayo — esokuzwa ngomlomo: itiye liyekile ukuluma, ephungeni kuhambile iphunga lomlilo ngokwalo, kubuyile ubumnandi futhi kubuyile isimo sohlobo noma sendawo.

Izimo ze-退火 — ziyefana nalezo zokugcina itiye elinjalo: isitsha esivaliwe, ukungabikho komswakama namaphunga, izinga lokushisa legumbi. Ukusheshisa inqubo ngokukhipha emoyeni ovulekile — umqondo omubi: kanye nokushisa kuzohamba nephunga elimnandi, futhi iqabunga lizothatha umswakama.

Kulokhu kuvela into ebalulekile kumthengi: i-oolong egazingwe kakhulu ebonakale ihlaba futhi «inamalahle» ngokushesha ngemva kokuthenga, akusho ukuthi imbi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ayikaphumuli. Kunengqondo ukuyibeka eceleni ubuyele kuyo emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

## 返青: lapho i-oolong «ibuyela ekubeni luhlaza»

返青 (*fǎnqīng*) — «ukubuya kobuhlaza». Lesi yisimo i-oolong egazingwe engena kuso uma ithole umswakama: umphumela wokugazinga ubuyela emuva. Leli gama lisetshenziswa nangama-oolong agazingwe kancane, lapho ubumsulwa bezimbali buhamba ngenxa yomswakama.

Izimpawu ziyabonakala:

- iqabunga elomile lilahlwa ukucwebezela, libukeka lifiphele, lapho lihlephulwa aliklabhi, liyagoba;
- ephungeni kuvela iphunga eliluhlaza, lotshani, ngezinye izikhathi lotshani noma elomswakama wasegumbini elingaphansi, ebelingekho ngaphambili;
- ubumnandi bokugazinga buyahamba, esikhundleni salo kuvela ukumuncu noma ukuthambisa okungenalutho;
- ukuphuza kuba lukhuni futhi kufushane, ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuyanyamalala;
- kugaiwan elifudumele elingenalutho ngemva kokuthululelwa kusala iphunga eliswakeme, hhayi elimnandi eligugile.

Isizathu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sisodwa: itiye laligcinwe esitsheni esingavaliwe endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, noma iphakethe elibandayo lavulwa endlini efudumele futhi iqabunga lathola ukujiya komswakama, noma iphakethe lashiywa livulekile eduze kukasinki.

Ukulungisa i-返青 ngokwengxenye kungenzeka — ngokufudumeza kabusha okuncane, okungukuthi inguqulo yasekhaya ye-复焙 (*fùbèi*). Empeleni lokhu kwenziwa ngomlilo omncane kakhulu noma ku-dryer yasekhaya kanye ne-oven ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, ngezincwadi ezincane, bese kuba ukuphumula okuyimpoqo, ngoba ngemva kokufudumeza itiye liphinda lidinge i-退火. Umphumela awulingani nowokuqala: ukubuyisa ukoma nokususa iphunga eliluhlaza kuyenzeka, ukubuyisa iphunga elimnandi lokuqala — ngokuvamile akwenzeki. Ngaphandle kolwazi ingozi yokushisa itiye noma ukuthola ukunambitheka okuphansi okuthosiwe iphezulu, ngakho impendulo ethembekile yile: i-返青 kungcono ukuyivimbela kunokuyelapha, kanti i-oolong egazingwe kancane esiyi-返青 kakhulu ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa — ukufudumeza kuzokwenza itiye elihlukile.

## Izitsha: yini efanelekayo nengafaneleki

Kuyafaneleka:

- **ipakethe lasembonini eline-foil noma elinezingqimba eziningi eline-zip** — ngetiye eliluhlaza, eliphuzi, elibomvu kanye ne-oolong egazingwe kancane lokhu ngokuvamile kungcono kunakho konke; khipha umoya uvala;
- **amaphakethe e-vacuum kanye ne-nitrogen** — indinganiso yama-oolong aseThayiwani; ngemva kokuvulwa iphakethe liyayeka ukuba yi-vacuum, futhi itiye liqala ukuphila ngemithetho evamile;
- **amathini ensimbi anesembozo sangaphakathi esiqinile** — isembozo esiphindwe kabili sibaluleke ukudlula impahla; afaneleka noma yimaphi amatiye, ngaphandle kwalawo adinga ukushintshana komoya;
- **izitsha zobumba ezingenacwebezeli ngaphakathi kanye nezitsha zobumba** — ukukhetha kwendabuko kokugugisa itiye elimhlophe ne-puer, ziphefumula kancane; ezihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephunga lokuqukethwe kwangaphambili;
- **棉纸 (*miánzhǐ*), isembozo sokuqala sesicwecwe, ibhokisi lekhadibhodi** — isixazululo esijwayelekile se-puer ecindezelwe ne-heicha: isembozo asisuswa, isicwecwe sigcinwa sinjengoba sinjalo, ekhabetheni elinomoya omuhle. I-棉纸 iyiphepha elincane elinemicu yezitshalo, ngesiRashiya elibizwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi «irayisi» noma «ukotini»; liyaphefumula futhi ngenxa yalokho aliphazamisi ukuvutshelwa kwangemuva. Yilelo kanye elisongwa ngalo izicwecwe ezimbonini, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kuhlala i-内飞 ne-内票;
- **ukuluka komoba** ku-千两 ne-六堡 — kuyingxenye yomkhiqizo, akuklanywa ngaphandle kwesidingo.

Akufaneleki:

- **ingilazi ekhanyayo ekukhanyeni** — kuhle futhi akusizi ngalutho; ingilazi ngokwayo ayithathi hlangothi, udaba lukhanya, ngakho imbiza yengilazi yamukeleka kuphela ekhabetheni elimnyama;
- **ipakethe lepulasitiki elincane kanye neziqukathi zepulasitiki ezinephunga langaphandle** — ipulasitiki inikeza itiye iphunga, futhi lokhu akulungiseki;
- **amabhokisi ezinkuni anephunga elimnandi** — umsedari, i-sandal, izinto ezinamavanishi nezinamaglu anephunga eliqinile: icala elifanayo nepulasitiki;
- **amaphakethe ephepha angenangqimba yangaphakathi** ngetiye eliluhlaza ne-oolong — awawubambi umswakama noma iphunga;
- **izitsha ezinamapulangwe enjoloba ne-silicone anephunga lawo** — kuhlolwa kalula, ngekhala;
- **isiqukathi esisodwa samatiye ahlukene** — i-jasmine enephunga noma i-lapsang idlulisela iphrofayili yayo komakhelwane ngephakethe.

Futhi ngokwehlukana: i-puer ne-heicha azigcinwa ku-vacuum evalwe ngokuphelele iminyaka futhi azigcinwa ziseduze namatiye anephunga. Amatiye acindezelwe ezinhlobo ezahlukene kungcono ukugcinwa ehlukene — i-sheng ihlukene ne-shu, amatiye anephunga ahlukene ngokuphelele kukho konke.

## Kungani ifriji ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omubi

Ifriji ibukeka iyisixazululo: ukubanda kunciphisa izinqubo. Empeleni ifriji yasekhaya idala izinkinga ezintathu.

Eyokuqala — amaphunga. Igumbi elivamile elinemikhiqizo yokudla alivumelekile etiyeni; ngisho nesiqukathi esivaliwe endaweni enjalo sisengozini, ngoba sivulwa emoyeni ofanayo.

Eyesibili — ukujiya komswakama. Njalo lapho iphakethe elibandayo likhishwa endlini efudumele, iqabunga lithola umswakama. Imijikelezo embalwa enjalo — futhi kuvela i-返青 noma ukubola. Uma itiye ligcinwa endaweni ebandayo, iphakethe likhishwa kusengaphambili futhi livunyelwa ukufudumala lifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, lingavulwa, hhayi ukuthi kuthathwe ingxenye ngokushesha.

Eyesithathu — ukungabi nanjongo kumatiye eqembu lesibili. I-puer, i-heicha, itiye elimhlophe, i-oolong egazingwe — efrijini azigugi: ukubanda kumisa lokho ezigcinelwa khona. Kulawo akusikho ukugcina, kodwa ukuqandisa ukukhula nobungozi obungeziwe bomswakama.

Okuhlukile kuncane futhi kuqondakala: izinqolobane ezincane zetiye eliluhlaza elibizayo lesivuno esisha, ezingeke ziphuze ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kulawo ukubanda kuyindlela yangempela yokugcina ubusha. Izimo ziyafana: iphakethe lasembonini elivaliwe, igumbi elihlukene noma okungenani isiqukathi esivaliwe esihlukene ngaphandle komakhelwane bokudla, ubuncane bemijikelezo «kubanda — kufudumele», ukufudumala ngaphambi kokuvula. Ifriji yesiqandisini ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukugcina itiye eliluhlaza isikhathi eside, kodwa lapho intengo yephutha iphezulu: ukuncibilikisa kufanele kube kanye kuphela futhi kuhamba kancane, ukuphinda ukuqandisa iphakethe eselivuliwe akusizi etiyeni.

## Lapho endlini kufanele kugcinwe khona itiye

Izinkomba zilula futhi azidingi mathuluzi.

Izindawo ezimbi: ikhabethe lasekhishini ngaphezulu kwesitofu noma eduze kwaso, ishalofu eduze kukasinki, ishalofu elifasiteleni, ikhabethe endlini yokugezela, idrowa eduze kwezinongo nekhofi, uvulandi onokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokujiya komswakama, noma iyiphi indawo ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile.

Ezinhle: ikhabethe elivaliwe endlini engaphakathi, kude nezifudumezi namafasitela, elinezinga lokushisa elingaguquki futhi ngaphandle kwamaphunga asendlini. Nge-puer ne-heicha — ikhabethe elifanayo, kodwa nelithuba lokuvula isicabha ngezinye izikhathi ukuze kushintshane umoya, futhi kungabi phansi, kungabi seduze kodonga lwangaphandle, lapho kubanda futhi kuswakeme.

Ngokuphathelene nomswakama endlini kuvame ukunikezwa izibalo eziqondile zokugugisa i-puer, futhi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwemithombo; ayikho indinganiso eyodwa yezimo zasekhaya, ngakho angizukusho iphesenti eliqondile. Isilinganiso sasekhaya esisebenzayo: uma endlini umuntu ekhululekile, kungenukwa umswakama, azikho izincwadi eziswakeme futhi akubikho sikhunta emakhoneni, izimo zokugcina zamukelekile. Uma ngenkathi yezimvula umswakama ubonakala uphezulu, amatiye eqembu lokuqala agcinwa evalwe ngokuqinile, kanti lawo acindezelwe ahlolwa ngephunga kaningi.

Ubuningi nabo bunendima: ku-puer isisindo esikhulu sigcinwa ngokuzinzile kunokwesicwecwe esisodwa. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani emaqoqweni itiye ligcinwa ngenani, hhayi ngokukodwa. Ekhaya lo mthetho ulingiswa ngokungaphelele — akufanele nje ulindele kusuka kwesicwecwe esisodwa ekhabetheni ukuguquguquka okufanayo nokwesinqolobane.

## Izimpawu zokuthi itiye lonakele

Ukwehlukanisa ukuguga nokonakala kusiza ukuhlola okuningana.

- **Iqabunga elomile.** Umbala omnyama olinganayo nephunga elihlanzekile — kuyinto evamile. Uqweqwe olumhlophe, olumpunga noma olunamabala, imicu efana nentambo yesicabucabu, iphunga lokubumbela, usegumbini elingaphansi, lekhadibhodi elimanzi — konakala. Ku-茯砖 amaphuzu aphuzi e-金花 (*jīnhuā*) — uphawu olujwayelekile lomkhiqizo, hhayi isikhunta; umehluko usembaleni, ekulinganeni nasephungeni, okuthi ku-fuchuan evamile kube mnandi-njengekhunta, hhayi okubolile.
- **Ukuhlephuka nokuklabha.** Ngetiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu kanye ne-oolong egazingwe iqabunga kufanele lihlephuke, lingagobi. Liyagoba — lithole umswakama.
- **Isitsha esifudunyeziwe.** Iqabunga elomile kugaiwan elifudumele likhipha iphunga ngokunemba. Ukubola nomuncu kuvela lapha kuqala kunasekuphuzeni.
- **Ukuphuza kokuqala.** Ukumuncu okubukhali, ukunambitheka komswakama, iphunga umuntu afuna ukulibiza ngokuthi «elekhabethe», — kuyisiginali yokuthi itiye laligcinwe kabi. Ku-sheng endala iphunga eligugile lihluke kokubumbelayo ngokuthi limnandi futhi alishiyi ukunambitheka kothuli emlonyeni.

Itiye elinesikhunta alisindiswa ngokufudumeza futhi «aligezwa» ngokuphuza kokuqala — liyalahlwa.

## Lokhu lesi sihloko esingakusho

Izindawo ezimbalwa lapho ulwazi luphela khona, futhi kufanele kusho lokhu ngokuqondile.

Angizinikezi izinombolo zamazinga, izikhathi eziqondile zomthetho zokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye nezilinganiso eziqondile zezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Amanani e-保质期 abekwa ngumkhiqizi ngaphansi kwamadokhumenti asebenzayo, ayahlukahluka ngezigaba zetiye futhi ayashintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo; kufanele kuhlolwe emaphaketheni nasembhalweni osemthethweni wakamuva, hhayi esihlokweni se-encyclopedia.

Izikhathi ze-退火 esihlokweni zinikezwe njengohlelo lobukhulu, hhayi njengomthetho. Iqoqo elithile lingakhipha ukushisa ngokushesha noma kancane kunalokho okubonisiwe, futhi isilinganiso esinokwethenjelwa kuphela — ukunambitha.

Izindlela ze-越陈越香 esihlokweni azichazwanga ezingeni lamakhemikhali. Ukuthi yini ngempela eyenzekayo ku-puer ecindezelwe ngesikhathi sokuguga isikhathi eside — kuyindaba yocwaningo, futhi izincazelo ezidumile ezimayelana «nokuvutshelwa kwe-microbiological esicwecweni» zenza isithombe sibe lula. Nge-sheng ne-shu futhi lezi zinqubo ezihlukene, futhi ukudlulisela iziphetho kusuka kwesinye kuya kwesinye akunakwenzeka.

Angisho ukuthi noma iyiphi i-sheng iya ngokuba ngcono ngeminyaka. Umgomo we-越陈越香 — uyisisekelo senani lokuqoqa, kodwa uchaza amandla esigaba, hhayi isiqinisekiso sesicwecwe esisodwa: izinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela kanye nezimo zokugcina zinquma umphumela, futhi itiye elibuthaka ngokusobala ukuguga ngeke kulilungise. Ukubikezela ukuthi i-sheng ethile esencane izoba yini eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, akekho owaziyo ngokunokwethenjelwa.

Nge-湿仓 esihlokweni azikho iziyalezo ngamabomu: ukulingisa inqolobane eswakeme ekhaya akuphephile, futhi umngcele phakathi kwenqubo elawulwayo nokonakala awuchazeki ngezinkomba zasekhaya.

Ukubuyisela ekhaya i-返青 ngokufudumeza kabusha kuchazwe njengomkhuba, kodwa izindlela zobuningi — izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, ubukhulu bongqimba — angizinikezi: zincike etiyeni nasemathuluzini, futhi umphumela ongaphumelelanga awulungiseki.

Okokugcina, isilinganiso sokuthi «konakele noma kugugile» esihlokweni — esokuzwa ngezitho. Azikho izindlela zaselabhorethri zokusetshenziswa ekhaya, futhi uma kunokungabaza mayelana nesikhunta kungcono ukuyeka itiye kunokuncika ezincazelweni zezimpawu.