---
title: "cǎizhāi biāozhǔn"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/caizhaibiaozhun
lang: zu
updated: 2026-09-23
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# cǎizhāi biāozhǔn (采摘标准)

Epasipoti yetiye umugqa othi «izinga lokukha» ubonakala umfushane: «iqhumelo elilodwa», «iqhumelo neqabunga elilodwa», «iqhumelo namacembe amabili», «ukukha ngeqabunga elivulekile». Lokhu akusona incazelo eyinkondlo noma uphawu lokukhangisa, kodwa kuyisici sobuchwepheshe bezinto zokusetshenziswa: ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yehlumela eqine engene eqoqweni. Kuncike kuyo ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile, ukuziphatha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ekucutshungulweni, isivuno endaweni ethize, izindleko zabasebenzi futhi ekugcineni inani lentengo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mugqa ngokwawo awusona isilinganiso sekhwalithi — futhi lokhu, mhlawumbe, yinto esemqoka okufanele uyiqonde uma uwufunda.

## Ukuthi yini ngempela ekhiwayo: umzimba wehlumela

Ukukha itiye akwenziwa esihlahleni sonke, kodwa kwenziwa emahlumela amancane — ama-flush. Ehlumeleni kuhlukaniswa:

- 芽 (*yá*) — iqhumelo, iqabunga elincane elingakavuleki elisengaphezulu, ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi elimbozwe uboya (白毫, *báihao*);
- 一叶, 二叶, 三叶 — iqabunga lokuqala, lesibili, lesithathu elivulekile, libalwa ukusuka eqhumelweni kuye phansi;
- 鱼叶 (*yúyè*) — «iqabunga lenhlanzi», iqabunga elincishisiwe elingaphansi phansi kwesisekelo sehlumela, ngokuvamile alibalwa njengeqabunga eligcwele;
- 对夹叶 (*duìjiā yè*) — ihlumela «elicindezelwe», lapho ukukhula kwengaphezulu kumile futhi iqhumelo lingakhuli; emazingeni okukha athambile kuthathwa njengonakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa ema-ulong — akunjalo (bheka ngezansi);
- 单片 (*dānpiàn*) — iqabunga elilodwa ngaphandle kweqhumelo nangaphandle kwesiqu.

Kulezi zinto kwakhiwa ifomula yezinga lokukha. Ukwengeza, kubhalwa izinga lokuvuleka kweqabunga: 初展 (*chūzhǎn*) — iqabunga lisanda kuqala ukuvuleka, kanye no-开展 (*kāizhǎn*) — iqabunga livulekile. Ngakho-ke, «一芽一叶初展» kanye no-«一芽一叶开展» kungamazinga amabili ahlukene, nakuba ifomula ifana.

Amagama okucutshungulwa nokuhlola kwezizwa abekwe emazingeni ajwayelekile: 茶叶加工术语 (GB/T 40633-2021) kanye no-茶叶感官审评术语 (GB/T 14487-2017), futhi indlela yokuhlola — ku-茶叶感官审评方法 (GB/T 23776-2018). Ngokwe-GB/T 23776-2018 ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwetiye elomile kuhlolwa ngezimpawu ezinhlanu: isimo (形状), ubumnene (嫩度), umbala (色泽), ukuphelela kwamacembe (整碎) kanye nokuhlanzeka (净度); uphawu 匀整度 — ukufana — alubhekisi lapho eqabungeni elomile, kodwa elibilisiwe (叶底). Okusho ukuthi ubumnene bezinto zokusetshenziswa (嫩度, *nèndù*) — busho uphawu olulodwa kuphela kwezinhlanu zebhulokhi eyodwa yokuhlola. Iqoqo elinamaqhumelo kuphela, kodwa elinezicucu nezigxobo, ngesamba sezimpawu lingaphansi kweqoqo elihlelekile le-«qhumelo namacembe amabili».

## Isikali sobumnene nokuthi kungani sisebenza njengegreyidi

Isikali esiyisisekelo sibukeka kanje:

| Ifomula | Iphinyini | Incazelo | Isimo esijwayelekile kugreyidi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单芽 | *dān yá* | iqhumelo kuphela, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga | ubumnene obukhulu, intengo ephezulu kakhulu ngezindleko zabasebenzi |
| 一芽一叶 | *yī yá yī yè* | iqhumelo neqabunga elilodwa | amagreyidi aphezulu etiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu eliqanjwe ngegama |
| 一芽二叶 | *yī yá èr yè* | iqhumelo namacembe amabili | izinga eliyisisekelo lokusebenza lezigaba eziningi |
| 一芽三叶 | *yī yá sān yè* | iqhumelo namacembe amathathu | amagreyidi aphakathi, ukunambitheka okuminyene, isivuno esiphezulu |
| 一芽三四叶 nokukhudlwana | — | iqhumelo namacembe amathathu-nane, amahlumela anamaqabunga aqinile | izinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi, amatiye acindezelwe namnyama |

Ukuqonda kulula: eduze kwesiqongo sehlumela, izicubu zincane kakhulu. Izicubu ezincane zakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile ngokwe-biochemical kunezivuthiwe, futhi phansi ehlumeleni, iqabunga liba nemicu futhi libe luhlaza. Kusukela lapha kulandela ukuthi izinto ezithambile zinikeza iphrofayili ethambile, «ephezulu», kanti ezivuthiwe kakhulu — ukunambitheka okuminyene, okugcwele futhi ngokuvamile okuhlaza. Ezigabeni lapho kuthandwa khona ukuthamba nokubukeka okuhle kweqabunga elomile, isikali sobumnene ngokwemvelo siguquke saba isikali sezigaba zempahla.

Lokhu kubonakala esakhiweni samazinga amagama athile. Ku-信阳毛尖 (*Xìnyáng máojiān*, GB/T 22737-2008) kuchazwe izigaba eziyisithupha — ukusuka ku-珍品 kuye ku-四级; ku-庐山云雾 (*Lúshān yúnwù*, GB/T 21003-2007) — ezine. Ku-滇红 ezingeni leqembu 滇红工夫红茶 (T/CTSS 38-2021) amagreyidi aphezulu aqanjwe ngokuqondile ngezinto zokusetshenziswa nangobunjalo: 单芽级 (三金) kanye no-特级 (松针).

Kutiye elimhlophe isikali sokukha ngokwezinga elikhulu saba amagama omkhiqizo, kodwa yilapha lapho kubonakala khona ukuthi asisiso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwe-白茶 (GB/T 22291-2017) 白毫银针 (*báihao yínzhēn*) — amaqhumelo awodwa, 白牡丹 (*bái mǔdān*) — iqhumelo neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili, 寿眉 (*shòuméi*) — ihlumela elikhudlwana nelivuthiwe noma iqabunga. Kodwa 贡眉 (*gòngméi*) kulo mugqa uyaphuma: alichazwa ngesinyathelo sobumnene, kodwa ngohlobo lwesihlahla — izinto zokusetshenziswa ziba yi-群体种 kuphela (菜茶, itiye «lendawo» elinamaqabunga amancane), futhi izigaba zobumnene ngaphakathi kwalo zichazwa ngokuhlukile. Okusho ukuthi nalapho isikali sokukha sigxilile emagameni omkhiqizo, elinye lamagama lilele kwenye i-eksisi.

Kumatiye abomvu umqondo uyafana. I-金骏眉 (*jīnjùnméi*, izinga lemboni GH/T 1118-2015) lakhiwe ekukheni amaqhumelo e-桐木菜茶; amatiye abomvu e-gongfu (工夫红茶, GB/T 13738.2-2017) anenethiwekhi ebanzi yamagreyidi, lapho ubumnene bezinto zokusetshenziswa bungolunye lwezimpawu ezihamba phambili; itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe (红碎茶, GB/T 13738.1-2017) ngokwencazelo lisebenza ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuthiwe nobuchwepheshe.

### Lapho isikali siphuka khona kakade ngaphakathi kweluhlaza

Nalapho ubumnene buthathwa njengobuhle, «iqhumelo» alisona sonke isikhathi.

- I-六安瓜片 (*Lù'ān guāpiàn*, izinga lendawo DB34/T 237-2017) ikhiwa njenge-单片无芽梗 — amaqabunga ahlukene ngaphandle kweqhumelo nangaphandle kwesiqu. Iqhumelo lapha alisona isinto zokusetshenziswa, kodwa yilokho okuhlukaniswayo.
- I-太平猴魁 (*Tàipíng hóukuí*, GB/T 19698-2008) yenziwa ngeqabunga elikhulu lohlobo lwe-柿大茶, futhi ifomula yokukha lapha ingaphansi kwesimo se-«orchid», hhayi ubuncane.
- I-恩施玉露 (*Ēnshī yùlù*, GB/T 35825-2018) — ukulungiswa ngesitimu nesimo senaliti, lapho izinga lokukha linikeza khona amandla okusontwa kube inaliti.

Okusho ukuthi isikali asisebenzi ngokungaqondile, kodwa ngaphakathi kobuchwepheshe obuthile nohlobo oluthile lwesihlahla.

## Umqondo oguqukile wama-ulong: 开面采

Kuma-ulong isikali sobumnene asigcini nje ngokuba buthaka — siyaguquka. Indlela eyinhloko ibizwa nge-开面采 (*kāimiàn cǎi*) — «ukukha ngeqabunga elivulekile»: ihlumela likhiwa lapho ukukhula kwengaphezulu sekuvele kumile futhi iqabunga elingaphezulu livulekile. Izinga lokuvuleka lichazwa ngokuqhathanisa iqabunga elingaphezulu nelesibili:

| Igama | Iphinyini | Lisho ukuthini |
|---|---|---|
| 小开面 | *xiǎo kāimiàn* | iqabunga elingaphezulu lincane ngokusobala kunelesibili |
| 中开面 | *zhōng kāimiàn* | iqabunga elingaphezulu licishe libe yingxenye noma izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zelesibili |
| 大开面 | *dà kāimiàn* | iqabunga elingaphezulu licishe lilingane nelesibili, ihlumela selivuthwe kakhulu |

Umehluko omkhulu esikalini setiye eliluhlaza: iqhumelo kumqondo we-ulong alikhuphuli igreyidi futhi akusilo inhloso yokukha — izinto zokusetshenziswa kuba ihlumela elivulekile. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi iqhumelo libizwe njengonakala. Ku-GB/T 18745-2006 (武夷岩茶) ezintweni ezisemthethweni (合格的茶青) kufakwe kokubili amahlumela e-开面采 anezinga elihlukile lokuvuleka kweqabunga lesibili, kanye no-一芽四叶 — okusho ihlumela elineqhumelo, likhiwe esihlahleni esinamandla, — kanye no-对夹叶. Ku-GB/T 30357.1-2013 (乌龙茶, ingxenye 1) iqhumelo ehlumeleni elimile (驻芽) lifakwe ngqo encazelweni yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-ulong. Ngakho-ke 对夹叶, emazingeni athambile eluhlaza kuthathwa njengonakala, kuma-ulong — izinto ezijwayelekile, futhi iqhumelo — uphawu nje, ulong angahlolwa ngalo.

Izizathu zokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-ulong buqondiswe ehlumeleni elivuthiwe, kithina zibhalwe ezobuchwepheshe kuphela:

1. Isiqu esiqinile neqabunga eliminyene kuyadingeka ekusontweni — kusimo esinamafindo seningizimu yeFujian neTaiwan, kanye nasemgqeni we-«strip» wama-ulong aseWuyishan naseChaozhou.
2. Ihlumela elivuthiwe liyakwazi ukumelana nomjikelezo we-做青 (*zuòqīng*) — ukushintshana kokubuna nokuzamazamisa (摇青, *yáoqīng*) nokulimala okulawulwayo komphetho weqabunga noku-oxidize okuyingxenye, — okusho ukuthi lithwala umthwalo wemishini ophindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokonakala.

Ngemuva kwalokho kuqala lokho esingakwazi ukukuqinisekisa. Isitatimende sokuthi izinto ezandulele iphunga le-ulong zihlobene ncamashi nezicubu zamaqabunga avuthiwe, kanti iqhumelo elingakavuleki linikeza utshani nezindawo «ezifile» ngesikhathi se-做青, emibhalweni yethu akusekelwa yilutho: asinazo izilinganiso ngezinhlobo ezithile nezindawo zeqabunga. Ukuthi kungani ihlumela elivuthiwe linikeza iphunga le-ulong — umbuzo we-biochemistry, futhi lapha uhlala uvulekile.

Ngokusemthethweni izidingo eziyisisekelo zama-ulong zibekwe ku-乌龙茶 第1部分:基本要求 (GB/T 30357.1-2013), futhi ngamagama — ngezingxenye ezihlukene: 铁观音 (.2), 黄金桂 (.3), 水仙 (.4), 肉桂 (.5), 单丛 (.6), 佛手 (.7), 白芽奇兰 (GB/T 30357.9-2020). Izinga le-GI letiye le-Wuyishan rock — 地理标志产品 武夷岩茶 (GB/T 18745-2006). Ngezinga lomkhiqizo elihlukile kuchazwa ulong wohlobo lwaseTaiwan — 台式乌龙茶 (GB/T 39563-2020); leli akulona i-GI futhi alibeki ukuxhunyaniswa kwendawo. Umthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe — 乌龙茶加工技术规范 (GB/T 35863-2018).

Umphumela osebenzayo wokufunda ipasipoti: ku-ulong umugqa othi «iqhumelo elilodwa» noma «iqhumelo neqabunga elilodwa» ubungaba hhayi uphawu lwegreyidi ephezulu, kodwa isignali yokuthi noma izinto zikusetshenziswa azikhiwanga ngomqondo we-ulong, noma incazelo ibhalwe ngomfutho wesikali setiye eliluhlaza. Umbhalo ojwayelekile we-ulong — «中开面, ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili-amathathu» noma nje ukukhomba i-开面采. Inani eliqondile lamaqabunga nezinga lokuvuleka kuyahlukahluka ngezifunda, izinhlobo nohlobo lomkhiqizo, futhi akukho nani elilodwa la-«wonke ama-ulong».

## I-pu'er: isikali singena ekuhlukanisweni kwemaocha

EYunnan isikali se-«qhumelo — iqhumelo neqabunga — iqhumelo namacembe amabili» siphinde sisetshenziswe ekukheni, kodwa ngemuva kwalokho sihunyushelwa kwesinye isistimu — ukuhlukaniswa kwe-晒青毛茶 (*shàiqīng máochá*), izinto zokusetshenziswa zomiswa elangeni. Izinga le-GI le-pu'er — 地理标志产品 普洱茶 (GB/T 22111-2008), izinto zokusetshenziswa — uhlobo lwaseYunnan olunamaqabunga amakhulu (云南大叶种) ngendlela ye-晒青.

Izici ezenza ukuthi ukuhumusha okuqondile kwesikali kungasebenzi:

- Uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu lunikeza i-geometry ehlukile yehlumela. «Iqhumelo namacembe amabili» laseYunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu ngobukhulu nangendawo aliqhathaniseki ne-«qhumelo namacembe amabili» lohlobo olunamaqabunga amancane lwaseZhejiang.
- Ku-sheng pu'er ubumnene abusona inhloso. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zibe no-«mzimba» — isakhiwo esanele nengqikithi yezinto zokugcina iminyaka eminingi. Iqoqo elithambile ngokweqile linganikeza ukunambitheka okuhle okuncane futhi ngokushesha «libe nalutho».
- Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqediwe zihlungwa ngobumnene njengoba seziyi-maocha, futhi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuba yindlela yokungena eresiphi. Ku-shu pu'er isikali sibukeka kanje: 宫廷 > 特级 > 一 > 三 > 五 > 七 > 九级 — ukusuka kokuthambile kuye kokuhlaza.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kufakwe ohlelweni lwe-唛号 (*màihào*), amanani eresiphi amafemu amakhulu, asetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1976. Enambeni enezinombolo ezine (izinombolo ezinhlanu — zokusakazeka) izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala — unyaka weresiphi, eyesithathu — isigaba sezinto zokusetshenziswa (encane, ithambe kakhulu), eyesine — ifemu (1 — 昆明/中茶, 2 — 勐海/大益, 3 — 下关, 4 — 普洱). Ngakho-ke, 7542 — iresiphi lango-1975, izinto zokusetshenziswa zesigaba sesi-4, ifemu yase-勐海; 7572 — i-shu eyireferensi; 7581 — isitini se-shu se-中茶. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-唛号 ibonisa iresiphi, hhayi unyaka wokukhiqizwa futhi hhayi isici sokugcinwa.

Olunye ungqimba — ama-phenotype nezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-niche, okwenzeka ukuthi epasipoti ame endaweni yezinga lokukha: 紫娟 (*zǐjuān*) — isilimo esikhethiwe esinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-anthocyanin, 紫芽 (*zǐyá*) — i-phenotype ensomi yamaqhumelo ezihlahleni ezindala nezasendle, 芽苞 (*yábāo*) — «iqhumelo-cocoon», amaqhumelo amancane aminyene. Lezi yizici zohlobo noma ze-phenotype, hhayi izigaba zobumnene, futhi ukuziqhathanisa nesikali se-单芽/一芽一叶 ngokuqondile akulungile.

## Izinga lokukha, isivuno nentengo

Ukuxhumana kwezinga lokukha nentengo cishe njalo kuhanjiswa ngezindleko zabasebenzi nangomphumela womkhiqizo, hhayi ukunambitheka ngokuqondile.

- Izinga elithambile, ubukhulu bento eyodwa ekhiwayo buncane futhi izenzo eziningi zezandla ziyadingeka ngekhilogremu yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Iqoqo elinamaqhumelo kuphela lidinga inani elikhulu kakhulu lokukha kune-«qhumelo namacembe amathathu» lobukhulu obufanayo.
- Iqabunga elisha ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa lilahlekelwa ingxenye ebalulekile yobukhulu; ezintweni ezithambile umphumela wetiye eliqediwe ngeyunithi yezinto ezintsha ezikhiwayo uphansi, ngoba eqhumelweni kunesilinganiso esiphezulu samanzi nesincane sezicubu zesakhiwo. Izilinganiso eziqondile ziyahlukahluka ngezigaba nobuchwepheshe futhi azikho inani elijwayelekile.
- Amazinga athambile cishe njalo asho ukukha ngesandla. Ukukha ngomshini akuhlukanisi iqhumelo neqabunga lesithathu futhi kunikeza ukusikwa kwehlumela lonke — ngakho-ke izinto zomshini ngokwencazelo zingenela ezigabeni ezihlaza kakhulu, futhi ukuhlungwa kwazo kwenzeka ngemuva kokukha.
- Izinga lokukha elincane lifinyeza iwindi lokukha: ihlumela lihlala esigabeni esidingekayo isikhathi esifushane, futhi ngokudlula okukodwa emasimini kukhiwa ingxenye encane yesivuno.
- Ukukha kwasekuqaleni kwesizini kubiza ngaphezulu ngenxa yomthamo omncane nokufunwa okuphezulu, futhi ezincazelweni kuvame ukuhlanganiswa izimpawu ezimbili ezihlukile — isizini nezinga lokukha. Lezi zingama-eksisi ahlukene.

Uhlangothi oluhlukile: izinga elivuthiwe kakhulu linikeza isivuno esiphezulu, izindleko eziphansi futhi ezigabeni ezithile — izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe. Ukushibha akusho ukuthi kubi emsebenzini wawo. Amatiye acindezelwe namnyama, kanye netiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe (红碎茶) asebenza ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezimi phansi esikalini sobumnene futhi ezihambisana nenhloso.

Itiye le-jasmine alingeni kulolu hlu, nakuba livame ukufakwa lapho. Ku-茉莉花茶 (GB/T 22292-2017) isisekelo setiye (花茶坯) sidlula ku-窨制 (*yìnzhì*) — ukugcwaliswa okuphindaphindiwe ngembali ephilayo, — futhi isisekelo singaba sobumnene obuhlukahlukene: izinyathelo ezingaphezulu zesikali segreyidi yezinga ziqanjwe ngqo ngezinto zamaqhumelo — 大白毫, 毛尖, 毛峰, 银毫, ngemuva kwalokho 春毫, 香毫 bese kuthi 特级, 一级 nangaphansi. Amatiye e-jasmine e-premium enziwa ngamaqhumelo akhethiwe anoboya. Isici esiyinhloko sesisekelo lapha akusiko ukuvuthwa futhi akusiko ukushibha, kodwa amandla okuthatha nokugcina iphunga ngesikhathi se-窨制.

## Kungani izinga lokukha alilingani nekhwalithi

Umugqa othi «iqhumelo elilodwa» utshela ngezinto zokusetshenziswa izinto ezintathu: ukuthi kukhiwe ngesandla, ukuthi kuthambile nokuthi kubize ngomsebenzi. Awusho ukuthi itiye limnandi yini.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi ukuqhathanisa ngalo mugqa owodwa kungasebenzi:

1. **Izinhlobo ezahlukene zesihlahla.** Izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane namakhulu zinikeza amahlumela osayizi abahlukene nabo-biochemistry abahlukene. Ukukha kwasekuqaleni kohlobo olunamaqabunga amancane nokukha kwakamuva kohlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu — yizinto ezimbili ezingenakuqhathaniswa, noma ifomula yokukha ibhalwe ngokufanayo. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi uhlobo lwesihlahla luthathe indawo yesikali sobumnene encazelweni yomkhiqizo — njengaku-贡眉, ngokwe-GB/T 22291-2017 lwenziwa kuphela nge-群体种.
2. **Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile.** Kutiye eliluhlaza nelimhlophe ubumnene — insiza, ku-ulong — akusilo uphawu okuhlolwa ngalo izinto zokusetshenziswa, ku-sheng pu'er — umbuzo wesu lokugcinwa. Izinto ezifanayo kubuchwepheshe obuhlukile zizothatha izikhundla ezahlukene kugreyidi.
3. **Izinga lokukha — akusilo uphawu olulodwa lwegreyidi.** Ekuhlolweni kwezizwa ngokwe-GB/T 23776-2018 ubumnene bungena ebhulokhini yokubukeka kwangaphandle kanye nesimo, umbala, ukuphelela kwamaqabunga nokuhlanzeka, futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuhlolwa ukunambitheka, iphunga, ukunambitheka neqabunga elibilisiwe.
4. **Okubhaliwe nokwangempela.** Ifomula encazelweni yizinga eliqondiwe. Iqoqo langempela cishe njalo liqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwezigaba eziseduze; ukuthi lisondele kangakanani kokubhaliwe, kuboniswa yiqabunga elibilisiwe, hhayi umugqa epasipoti.
5. **I-terroir, ukuphakama, ubudala bezitshalo, isizini, ukushiswa nokugcinwa** kuthinta umphumela hhayi kancane, futhi ezigabeni ezithile kakhulu, kunezigaba zobumnene.

Indlela esebenzayo yokufunda ipasipoti — ukuthatha izinga lokukha hhayi lodwa, kodwa ekuxhumaneni: isigaba nobuchwepheshe → uhlobo lwesihlahla → isifunda nokuphakama → isizini → izinga lokukha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuxhumana umugqa othi «一芽一叶» awunqumi lutho.

## Lokhu okungakuqinisekisi yilesi sihloko

- Lapha akunikezwa imingcele yezinombolo zamagreyidi — izilinganiso zamaqhumelo ngamaphesenti, ubukhulu, izilinganiso zomphumela wetiye eliqediwe eqabungeni elisha, isivuno endaweni. Lezi zinkomba zibekwa amazingeni aqondile nangemibhalo yangaphakathi yabakhiqizi, ziyahlukahluka ngezigaba nangezifunda, futhi ukuzinikeza «ngokujwayelekile» bekungaba okungathenjwa.
- Akushiwo ukuthi isikali se-单芽 / 一芽一叶 / 一芽二叶 / 一芽三叶 sigxiliswe ngokusemthethweni njengegradi eyodwa evamile yazo zonke izigaba zetiye. Lesi yisikali sokusebenza sokukhiqiza, esingena ngendlela ehlukile emazingeni ahlukene; alikho izinga likazwelonke elijwayelekile le-«zinga lokukha» elinesikali esinjalo lazo zonke izigaba eziyisithupha.
- Akushiwo noma iyiphi indlela ye-biochemical yokuxhumana phakathi kokuvuthwa kweqabunga nephunga le-ulong. Imininingwane ngezinto ezandulele iphunga kuye ngendawo yeqabunga asinayo, futhi lokhu asikwazi ukukuqinisekisa.
- Amagama nezinombolo zamazinga anikezwe ngokwesifinyezo sethu sokusebenza se-GB/T (bheka irejista yamazinga). Okuqukethwe kwemibhalo yawo kucashunwa ngamaphuzu — lapho isiphetho sakhiwe kukho (ukwakheka kwezimpawu zokubukeka kwangaphandle ku-GB/T 23776-2018, ukwakheka kwe-茶青 evunyelwe ku-GB/T 18745-2006, i-eksisi yegreyidi ye-GB/T 22292-2017, incazelo ye-贡眉 ku-GB/T 22291-2017). Kwamanye amagama amazinga kazwelonke awakho — ngokwesibonelo, i-祁门红茶 ayinayo i-GB/T-GI, umbhalo osebenzayo wephrofayili yizinga lemboni GH/T 1178-2019.
- Ku-大红袍 isimo sengxenye ehlukile yezinga le-ulong (GB/T 30357.8) esifinyezweni sethu simakwe njengedinga ukucaciswa; lapha akushiwo njengosebenzayo.
- Amafomula aqondile okukha ngezifunda, izinhlobo namapulazi awanikezwa: izinombolo zamaqabunga, izinga lokuvuleka nokuvunyelwa kuyahlukahluka, futhi imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ehlanganisiwe ngegama ngalinye asinayo.
- Ingxenye ye-biochemical inikezwe ngokwekhwalithi. Izitatimende zokuthi «kuliphi iqabunga okuningi» kwalezi noma lezo zinto zidinga izinkomba zokulinganisa ngezinhlobo ezithile nezizini; ngaphandle kwazo noma yiziphi izinombolo zingaba ukuqamba amanga.
- Akuchazwa imilando yemikhiqizo ngayinye, amagama amakhosi namapulazi: asinayo imithombo eqinisekisekayo ngabo.
- Izilinganiso zokuhlola ezinjengokuthi «ethambile — kusho ukuthi kubiza» ziyiqiniso njengomkhuba, kodwa hhayi njengomthetho: intengo inqunywa futhi ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, idumela lesifunda, ubudala bezitshalo nonyaka, futhi izilinganiso eziqondile zentengo azibekiwe lapha.

## Isifinyezo esifushane

- I-采摘标准 — irekhodi lobuchwepheshe lokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yehlumela eqine eqoqweni, hhayi isilinganiso sokunambitheka.
- Isikali se-单芽 → 一芽三叶 sisebenza njengegreyidi lapho ubuchwepheshe buthanda khona ubumnene: okuluhlaza, okumhlophe, okubomvu be-gongfu, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ku-shu pu'er. Kodwa noma ngaphakathi kwetiye elimhlophe aliqhubeki: i-贡眉 ngokwe-GB/T 22291-2017 ichazwa ngohlobo lwesihlahla (kuphela i-群体种/菜茶), hhayi ngesinyathelo sobumnene.
- Kuma-ulong kusebenza umqondo oguqukile we-开面采: kukhiwa ihlumela elivulekile nelivuthiwe, iqhumelo alikhuphuli igreyidi futhi akusilo inhloso yokukha — ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlumela elineqhumelo (一芽四叶) kanye ne-对夹叶 izinga le-武夷岩茶 likufaka ngqo ezintweni ezisemthethweni, okusho ukuthi akusiko ukungcola, kodwa enye i-eksisi yokuhlola.
- Ku-pu'er isikali siguqukela ekuhlukanisweni kwe-晒青毛茶 bese siqhubekela ohlelweni lweresiphi lwe-唛号, lapho inombolo yesithathu ibonisa isigaba sezinto zokusetshenziswa.
- Ubumnene obuphansi buvunyelwa kumatiye acindezelwe, amnyama nakuchotshoziwe abomvu, kodwa akusilo umthetho wetiye le-jasmine: ku-GB/T 22292-2017 amagreyidi aphezulu aqanjwe ngezinto zamaqhumelo.
- Ukuqhathanisa amatiye ngomugqa owodwa wezinga lokukha akunangqondo ngaphandle kokubalwa kohlobo lwesihlahla, isifunda, isizini nobuchwepheshe.