---
title: "Běiyuàn gòngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/beiyuan-gongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Běiyuàn gòngchá (北苑贡茶)

**Běiyuàn Gòngchá** (*Běiyuàn gòngchá*, 北苑贡茶) usho "itiye laseNingizimu Garden elinikelwe enkantolo": igama linezincazelo ezimbili, futhi azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Ngokomlando, kwakubizwa kanjalo itiye laseJianzhou elalisetshenziswa enkantolo: itiye elishiswe ngomusi, ligaywe laba inhlama, bese licindezelwa libe amaqebelengwane anodrako nefeniksi, okwathi, ngokwemithombo yendawo, iminyaka engu-458 lahamba laya enkantolo, kusukela embusweni waseMin kuze kufike kubukhosi bakwaMing. Namuhla lokhu kuwuphawu lwendawo (geographical indication) lwedolobha laseJian'ou (建瓯市) enyakatho yeFujian kanye nomkhiqizo ojwayelekile wamatiye alo; umbhalo wophawu lwendawo uchaza iwulong "eneqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu".

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Iwulong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*) ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo: izinhlobo zeShuixian neAijiao Iwulong, i-oxidation ngokunyakazisa (做青). I-Běiyuàn Gòngchá yomlando yayiyitiye elicindezelwe elishiswe ngomusi (蒸青研膏团饼茶), hhayi iwulong.
* **Isigaba:** Uphawu lwendawo lwezolimo (2012), kusukela ngo-2025 umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (product with geographical indication); ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhiqizo ojwayelekile wesifunda.
* **Okuhlanganisa umkhiqizo:** Ngokwe-Central People's Radio (2024), ikakhulukazi i-Aijiao Iwulong exutshwe kancane, i-Shuixian, i-Maozhan, i-Rougui kanye ne-Shuixian Bai emhlophe, kanye namaqebelengwane acindezelwe akhiwe kabusha.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), isifunda saseNanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), idolobha laseJian'ou (建瓯, *Jiàn'ōu*), iJianzhou yasendulo (建州).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Isifunda sonke samadolobha angu-14 kanye nezigodi (phakathi kwazo i-Xudun, i-Jiyang, i-Fangdao, i-Nan'ya) kanye namakomidi emigwaqo angu-4, amakhilomitha-skwele angu-4233.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 117°58′45″–118°57′11″ E, 26°38′54″–27°20′26″ N.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Iminyaka yeZhenyuan (785–805).** Ngokwerediyo, umbusi waseFujian u-Chang Gun (常衮) waqala ukwenza eJianzhou itiye elishiswe ngomusi elivela kunhlama egayiwe (研膏茶). I "Hua man lu" nayo ibeka lokhu eminyakeni yeZhenyuan futhi ibiza u-Chang Gun ngombusi wesifunda saseJianzhou; ingosi yetiye kanye nencwadi yezomnotho kuhlobanisa indlela entsha yokwenza nokuqokwa kwakhe eFujian eminyakeni yeJianzhong (780–783). U-Xiong Fan uqala umlando ngandlela thize ehlukile: ngesikhathi seSouthern Tang, ekupheleni kwe-Five Dynasties, izakhamuzi zezifunda zaziqoqwa ukuze zikhe e-Beiyuan, lapho kwaqala khona ukwenziwa itiye elivela kunhlama egayiwe (研膏), kwase kuba "ubuso obunengcina" (蜡面, *làmiàn*).
    * **933.** Umhlali waseJianzhou u-Zhang Tinghui (张廷晖) wanikela ngamagquma etiye e-Fenghuangshan (凤凰山) embusini waseMin: amamayela angamashumi amathathu endaweni eyindilinga, abe yingadi yombusi. Yabizwa ngokuthi "iNgadi yaseNyakatho" ngoba yayisendaweni esenyakatho yombuso (ngokwencwadi yezomnotho, enyakatho yenhloko-dolobha yaseMin i-Fuzhou).
    * **977.** Inkantolo yakwaSong yathatha ingadi yaba ngaphansi kokuphatha kwayo, yathumela izikhulu ukuba zengamele ukukhiqizwa, futhi yakha amafomu anodrako nefeniksi ukuze "ihlukanise nokuphuzwayo kwabantu abavamile" (以别庶饮). Kanjalo kwavela amaqebelengwane 龙团凤饼 (*lóngtuán fèngbǐng*). Ngo-985, lapho kusungulwa isifunda saseFujian, ukuphathwa kwezokuthutha kwaso, ngokwengosi yetiye, kwamiswa eJianzhou ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa nokulethwa kwala maqebelengwane.
    * **U-Ding Wei no-Cai Xiang.** Ngokwe "Minbei ribao" (okuphinde kwashicilelwa yiXinhua, 2025), eminyakeni yeXianping u-Ding Wei (丁谓) wenza iqebelengwane lefeniksi, kwase kuba elodrako, kanti eminyakeni yeQingli u-Cai Xiang (蔡襄) wenza iqebelengwane elincane lodrako (小龙团). I "Hua man lu" ibeka amaqebelengwane amancane eminyakeni yeTiansheng.
    * **Isisindo nentengo yamaqebelengwane.** U-Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) encwadini ethi "Amarekodi Ngokubuyela Emasimini" (《归田录》) ubhala ukuthi amaqebelengwane amakhulu kadrako nefeniksi ayengama-8 ngejin ngalinye, kanti amancane, u-Cai Xiang aqala ukuwenza eminyakeni yeQingli, ayengama-20 ngejin ngalinye, futhi elincane lalibiza amaliang amabili egolide: "igolide lingatholakala, kodwa leli tiye alitholakali" (金可有而茶不可得). Ngezinsuku zomhlatshelo endaweni eseningizimu yedolobha, ngokusho kwakhe, i-Secretariat kanye ne-Privy Council bathola iqebelengwane elilodwa elincane futhi babelana ngalo phakathi kwabane; i "Hua man lu" ithi abayisishiyagalombili ngeqebelengwane elilodwa.
    * **I-Miyunlong.** Ngomthetho kaShenzong, eJianzhou kwaqala ukwenziwa "ifu eliminyene lodrako" (密云龙, *mìyúnlóng*) futhi labekwa ngaphezu kwamaqebelengwane amancane. I "Hua man lu" ibeka lo mthetho ekupheleni kweminyaka yeXining, u-Xiong Fan eminyakeni yeYuanfeng; eminyakeni yeShaosheng, ngokukaXiong Fan, leli tiye laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "ifu elihle lodrako onyukayo" (瑞云翔龙).
    * **Ubuningi.** U-Xiong Fan (熊蕃) encwadini ethi "Amarekodi Etiye LaseBeiyuan Elinikelwe NgeMinyaka YeXuanhe" (《宣和北苑贡茶录》) ubhala: ekuqaleni kweminyaka yeTaiping Xingguo kwakunikelwa amaqebelengwane angu-50, ngeminyaka yeYuanfu kwase kungu-18,000, kanti ngesikhathi sakhe kwakungaphezu kuka-47,100. Ngokuqala kwentela, ukubalwa kwehlukile: i "Hua man lu" ithi ngesikhathi sikaDing Wei ngonyaka kwakunikelwa amaqebelengwane angengaphezu kuka-40, ingosi yetiye ithi ngaphezu kwamajin angu-50, ngeqebelengwane eliyisishiyagalombili ngejin ngalinye.
    * **1048.** Umphathi wezokuthutha waseFujian (转运使) u-Ke Shi (柯适) washiya edwaleni umbhalo wezinhlamvu ezingama-80 mayelana nesikhathi sokusungulwa, indawo kanye nezakhiwo zasengadini, enezindawo zokomisa ezingama-32, "Ihholo Letiye Lombusi" kanye "Nomthombo Wombusi".
    * **Ububanzi.** Ngesikhathi sokuchuma eJianzhou kwakunezindawo zokomisa zikahulumeni ezingu-32 kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela ezizimele ezingu-1304.
    * **Ukuphela kwentela.** Intela yaqhubeka ngeSong, Yuan noMing; incwadi yezomnotho kanye ne-China News Service bathi unyaka wama-24 weHongwu (1391), lapho ukwenziwa kwamaqebelengwane kwamiswa. Lapho eminyakeni yeMing amaqebelengwane eshiya indawo yetiye elixutshwe kancane, itiye eligaywayo 点茶 (*diǎnchá*) eChina, ngokwamazwi omcwaningi wendawo, laphela kancane kancane.
    * **Iminyaka emingaki intela yahlala.** Irediyo kanye nabezindaba besifundazwe bathi iminyaka engu-458, kubalwa kusukela embusweni waseMin kanye nonyaka wama-933. Ingosi kahulumeni wesifundazwe ngo-2023 yanikeza ukubalwa okuhlukile ngokwamazwi omcwaningi wendawo: kusukela ngo-946 (保大四年, isikhathi seSouthern Tang) nokuyiminyaka engu-445.
    * **Itshe lesikhumbuzo.** Ngo-1995 iMnyuziyamu Yesifundazwe saseFujian yenza imivubukulo eduze kombhalo. Ububanzi betshe lesikhumbuzo, ngokwencwadi yezomnotho, bungamamitha-skwele angaba ngu-20,000; phakathi kokutholakele kukhona izitsha zokugaya ezenziwe ngobumba obuhlanganisiwe kanye neziko lokomisa. Kusukela ngo-2006 kuyitshe lesikhumbuzo lesizwe; ngoJanuwari 2, 2025 isifundazwe sagunyaza uhlelo lokulivikela.
    * **2012.** UMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 1813 sango-Agasti 3 wabhalisa uphawu lwendawo lwezolimo; umnikazi wesitifiketi yi-Jian'ou Agricultural Technology Extension Center (建瓯市农业技术推广中心).
    * **2025.** Ikhathalogi yezimpawu zendawo ihlobanisa igama nesimemezelo se-CNIPA esinguNombolo 640 mayelana nokuqashelwa kwemikhiqizo enezimpawu zendawo.
* **Igama:** 北苑 "iNgadi yaseNyakatho", 贡茶 "itiye elinikelwe", okusho itiye elethwa enkantolo.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Umbhali wakwaSong u-Zhou Jiang (周绛) wabhala: "天下之茶建为最，建之北苑又为最" itiye elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni livela eJian, kanti elingcono kakhulu eJian livela eBeiyuan. IBeiyuan inikezelwe incwadi kaXiong Fan, "Amarekodi Akhethekile EBeiyuan" kaZhao Ruli (赵汝砺), kanye namakhasi e "Zingxoxo Ngetiye" zombusi uHuizong. U-Zhang Tinghui uhlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wetiye; itempeli lakhe limi entabeni iFenghuangshan esigodini saseDongfeng. Isifunda sinesimiso sokuvuselela iBeiyuan esithi "1+5" ukuvuselela amanxiwa, ukuxoxa umlando, ukuthuthukisa imboni yetiye, ezokuvakasha kwetiye kanye nobudlelwano bangaphandle futhi senza imikhuba yetiye yendabuko: "ukumemeza intaba" (北苑喊山), "imiqhudelwano yetiye" (北苑茗战), umhlatshelo konkulunkulu wetiye. NgokweCentral People's Radio (2024), eJian'ou kunezinto eziyisikhombisa zamagugu angaphatheki ahlobene netiye emazingeni ahlukene kanye nabathwali bamakhono etiye abangama-59 abaqashelwe.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo, "iShuixian, iAijiao Iwulong nezinye izinhlobo ezinhle" ([水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shui-xian)、[矮脚乌龙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ai-jiao-wulong)等优良品种); izinto zokutshala ngokwezinga likazwelonke leGB 11767.
* **Ukuvuna:** Ngesandla noma ngomshini, ngokomthethonqubo wemboni wokuvuna ngomshini weNY/T 225. Imingcele yokuvuna nezikhathi ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** INyakatho yeFujian, indawo ephezulu yoMfula iMinjiang. UZhao Ruli wabeka iBeiyuan entabeni iFenghuangshan futhi wathi umhlabathi wendawo ubomvu (赤壤). Ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo, isifunda sisendaweni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yoKhahlamba lweWuyishan nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoKhahlamba lweJiufengshan (鹫峰山) futhi sinomngcele neJianyang enyakatho, neNanping kanye nesifunda saseGutian eningizimu, neZhenghe nePingnan empumalanga, neShunchang entshonalanga.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Izingadi zisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-300–1280.
* **Ubunjalo bendawo:** Indawo ephakeme kakhulu intaba iChenshan (辰山, 1822.2 m), ephansi kakhulu idolobhana laseFangcun esigodini saseNan'ya (68 m); amagquma nezintaba kwakha u-57.34% wendawo.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ebomvu-ephuzi, enoqweqwe olujulile nokuhlanganiswa kwetshe; ungqimba olungaphezulu lunsundu, luphuzi-bomvu noma luphuzi-mpunga; i-pH 5.5–6.5.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical maritime monsoon emaphakathi, enezinkathi zonyaka ezicacile; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo li-14–20 °C, imvula ingu-1600–1800 mm, umswakama cishe u-80%, amahora okukhanya kwelanga angu-1600 ngonyaka, izinsuku ezingenamakhaza zingu-280, isamba sokushisa okusebenzayo ngaphezu kwe-10 °C singu-6500 °C.
* **Ubukhulu:** Ngokwe "Minbei ribao" (2025), esifundeni kunezingadi ezingama-141,000 mu kanye namathani angama-20,600 etiye eliluhlaza ngonyaka; cishe u-80% wezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokwerediyo, uthengwa izinkampani zasesigodini saseXiaoqiao.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo iBěiyuàn Gòngchá yamanje yenziwa kanje:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*).**
2.  **Ukupholisa iqabunga (凉青, *liángqīng*).**
3.  **Ukunyakazisa nokwenza i-oxidation (做青, *zuòqīng*).**
4.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
5.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
6.  **Ukomisa kokuqala (初焙, *chūbèi*).**
7.  **Ukupholisa (摊凉, *tānliáng*).**
8.  **Ukomisa okuphindaphindiwe (复焙, *fùbèi*).**

Imibandela namazinga okushisa awunikwanga embhalweni. Ubuchwepheshe bakwaSong babuhlukile: "Amarekodi Akhethekile EBeiyuan" abala ukuvuna, ukukhetha, ukushisa ngomusi, ukukhama, ukugaya, ukubumba nokomisa (采茶、拣茶、蒸茶、榨茶、研茶、造茶、过黄). Isifunda siyabuvuselela: ngokwerediyo, amaqebelengwane acindezelwe aphinde enziwe ngendlela yakudala, futhi umshini wokwenza itiye eligaywayo wadalwa.

**6. Izici Zokunambitha:**

Incazelo engezansi ivela embhalweni wophawu lwendawo lwezolimo; iphathelene newulong exutshwe kancane.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Lisongekile ngokuqinile, lisinda; umbala uluhlaza-nsundu, unamafutha (条索紧结重实，色泽青褐油润).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuthelela:** Limnandi futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, linephunga lezimbali nezithelo (香气浓郁持久，具有花果香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kugcwele, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味醇厚回甘).
* **Umbala wokuthelela:** Ocacile, osawolintshi-ophuzi (汤色清澈橙黄).
* **Amacembe asetshenzisiwe (iqabunga elithelelwe):** Awugqinsi, athambile futhi acwebezelayo, "iqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu" (叶底肥厚软亮，绿叶红镶边).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Umbhalo ubala amapolyphenol etiye, i-caffeine nama-amino acid, kodwa awunikezi izinombolo. Ngokuphepha, umkhiqizo kufanele uhambisane nezinga lemikhiqizo "eluhlaza" leNY/T 288-2002.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomthelela waleli tiye ngokwawo.

**9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:**

Umkhuba wekilasi lewulong evela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 7–8 g ngegaiwan engu-110 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Igaiwan noma imbiza yobumba.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha bese ugeza iqabunga kafushane.
    2. Ukuthelela kokuqala imizuzwana engu-15–30.
    3. Ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuthelela okusha, engeza isikhathi.
    4. Ukuthelela okuphindwe kahlanu noma okuyisikhombisa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wekilasi. Kufanele kugcinwe endaweni evalekile, eyomile, epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

**11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgun gunqa:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele. Abaphathi besigodi saseXiaoqiao, ngokwerediyo, bathi itiye eliqediwe laseJian'ou libiza kancane kakhulu kunelaseWuyishan.

* **Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Bheka uphawu lwendawo: lusetshenziswa ngemvume yomnikazi wesitifiketi; ngokwe "Minbei ribao", ohlelweni lomkhiqizo ojwayelekile, ilungelo lophawu lokuhweba "北苑贡茶" liqinisekisiwe ezinkampanini ezingama-26.
    * Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye likhiqizwe eJian'ou.
    * Bheka isigaba emaphaketheni: ngaphansi kwaleli gama kuthengiswa kokubili iwulong, itiye elimhlophe, kanye namaqebelengwane acindezelwe. Ngokwerediyo, igama "北苑贡茶" lifakwa emaphaketheni awo wonke amatiye aqediwe iJian'ou ewadayisayo, futhi lisho indawo, hhayi uhlobo.
    * Ngewulong, inkombandlela iqabunga eliluhlaza-nsundu elinamafutha, ukuthelela okuwolintshi-ophuzi kanye nomphetho obomvu eqabungeni elithelelwe.
    * Ungadidanisi ne "北苑贡茶（延平焙）" yesifunda esingumakhelwane saseYanping: iYanping ayikho endaweni yophawu lwendawo.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Umbhalo kaKe Shi iphephandaba liwubiza ngowukuphela kombhalo otholakele eChina mayelana nentela yetiye laseNkantolo.
* Ekuhlukanisweni kwemikhiqizo yezifunda yango-2024, i "Dongfeng Aijiao Iwulong" (东峰矮脚乌龙) ikleliswe endaweni yama-61, kanti iBěiyuàn Gòngchá ngokwayo ikleliswe endaweni yama-73.
* Amaqebelengwane "北苑贡茶·龙团凤饼" athathwe agcinwa unomphela kuNational Archives of Publications (国家版本馆).

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye:**

* **Aijiao Iwulong (矮脚乌龙):** Enye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezibalulwe embhalweni wophawu lwendawo.
* **Jian'ou Shuixian Cha ([建瓯水仙茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/jian-ou-shuixian-cha)):** Uphawu lwango-2019 lwewulong evela kuShuixian endaweni efanayo.
* **Nanlu Shuixian ([南路水仙](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanlu-shuixian)):** Uphawu lwesigodi lweShuixian evela eNan'ya ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo.
* **Yanping Gongcha ([延平贡茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yanping-gongcha)):** "Itiye elinikelwe" elingumakhelwane elinophawu lwalo.
* **Shuixian Bai ([水仙白](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shuixian-bai)):** Itiye elimhlophe elivela kuShuixian, nalo ngaphansi komkhiqizo waseJian'ou.

**Ekuphetheni:**

IBěiyuàn Gòngchá yigama elinezimpilo ezimbili: amaqebelengwane akwaSong anodrako nefeniksi, umbhalo wonyaka we-1048 kanye namakhulu eminyaka entela, kanye nophawu lwendawo lwango-2012 lwewulong yaseJian'ou evela kuShuixian naseAijiao Iwulong eneqabunga eliluhlaza-nsundu, iphunga lezimbali nezithelo kanye nomphetho obomvu. Uma uthenga itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama, kufanelekile ukubheka isigaba, hhayi inganekwane.