---
title: "Báiyún chūnháo"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/baiyun-chunhao
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Báiyún chūnháo (白云春毫)

**I-Baiyun Chunhao** (*Báiyún chūnháo*, 白云春毫) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseLujiang (庐江县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseHefei esifundazweni sase-Anhui, livela ezintabeni zamagquma aseDabieshan; ekuhunyushweni okuchazayo lisho ukuthi “uboya bentwasahlobo bamafu amhlophe”. Amagama athi “mhlophe” kanye “noboya” awalenzi itiye elimhlophe: igama, ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, lihlanganisa igama lesigodlo sezindela esidala i-Baiyun’an (白云庵) eduze kwezingadi noboya obumhlophe beqabunga. Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, itiye lakhula ngo-1985–1987 lisuka ku-“Ergujian Maofeng” (二姑尖[毛峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/maofengcha)) wendawo; kukhona nolunye uhlobo lwendaba (isigaba 2). Izidingo zomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ziwuchaza ngefomula ethi “ufana nomsila wenkonjane, iphunga elimsulwa line-orchid” (形似燕尾、清香带兰). Leli gama livikelwe uphawu lwendawo lwezolimo kusukela ngo-2017 kanye nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2025.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Ubuchwepheshe ngokwezidingo — buluhlaza (isigaba 5). Incwadi yezethenjwa ilibeka emtini wetiye oqondile wokugazinga epanini (炒青, *chǎoqīng*).
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza laseDabieshan eliqondile, elicishe libe yisicaba; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, *Ānhuī*), umasipala waseHefei (合肥, *Héféi*), isifunda saseLujiang (庐江, *Lújiāng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Izintaba i-Ergujian (二姑尖), i-Baihuazhai (百花寨), i-Laoheshang (老和尚), i-Changchun, i-Madian, i-Hudong, i-Gaojian nezinye emagqumeni aseDabieshan (大别山, *Dàbiéshān*) — sezizonke izigodi ezingama-45 emalokishini ayi-16, kakhulu emalokishini aseTangchi (汤池镇), eWanshan (万山镇), eKetan (柯坦镇), eLongqiao (龙桥镇) naseFanshan (矾山镇). Umfakisicelo — Inhlangano Yetiye yesifunda saseLujiang (庐江县茶叶协会).
* **Indawo enhle kakhulu:** Incwadi yezethenjwa ibheka itiye elingcono kakhulu njengelivela entabeni i-Ergujian eduze kwesigodi sasendulo saseGuoshu (果树); idolobhana laseGuoshu lingena endaweni njengengxenye yelokishi laseTangchi.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 30°58′06″–31°33′17″ N, 117°01′12″–117°33′18″ E (imingcele yendawo evikelwe).

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Ukuqala kweRiphabhuliki.** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, esifundeni kwakunama-mu etiye angaba ngu-5000 ezivande kanye nezindlu zokuhweba zamatiye eziyi-149.
    * **Ngo-1984 — uhlobo lwendaba lukaChen Chuan.** Ingosi yokuqeqesha yeqembu ibhala ukuthi uprofesa wase-Anhui Agricultural University u-Chen Chuan (陈椽), obizwa ngokuthi “umhlakaniphi wetiye” wesimanje, ngokumenywa yiziphathimandla zesifunda wakha itiye elidumile laseLujiang elithi “白云春毫”.
    * **Ngo-1985–1987 — uhlobo lwendaba lwendawo.** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, ngo-1985 imboni yetiye yaseLujiang yaseGuoshu yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo “Ergujian Maofeng” (*Èrgūjiān máofēng*); ngoDisemba 1986 ikomidi lesifunda lesayensi lafaka isicelo kukomidi lesifundazwe sohlaka lwesihloko sokuthuthukisa leli tiye, futhi isihloko samukelwa; kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1987 kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo okusemthethweni ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zezivande zase-Ergujian, umsebenzi endaweni wawuqondiswa wumnyango wetiye we-Anhui Agricultural University, futhi itiye laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi “白云春毫”.
    * **Ngo-1987 — uhlobo lwendaba lwesifunda lwango-2026.** Impahla yomnyango wokukhangisa wesifunda, eyashicilelwa yiXinhua (新华网) ngo-2026, ibhala ukuthi owandulelayo kwakungu-“Ergujian Maofeng”, futhi ngo-1987 itiye lakhiwa ngu-Chen Chuan ngeminyaka emithathu yokusebenza. Iqhaza eliqondile lika-Chen Chuan nosuku lokudalwa ngokwemithombo etholakele akunakunqunywa: izinhlobo zendaba ziyehluka.
    * **Ngo-1988.** Itiye laqashelwa njengetiye elidumile lesifundazwe sase-Anhui.
    * **Ngo-1989.** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, ngoJulayi itiye lathola isiqu setiye elidumile elisezingeni lomnyango.
    * **Ngo-1995.** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, ngoDisemba — indondo yegolide yoMbukiso Wezolimo WaseChina Wesibili.
    * **Ngo-2008.** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, indondo yegolide yoMbukiso Wetiye Wesithathu Wase-Anhui.
    * **Ngo-2016–2017.** Ngokwempahla yesifunda ku-“The Paper” (澎湃新闻), ngo-2016 itiye ladlula ekuhlolweni kophawu lwendawo lwezolimo futhi lathola umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano we-“Zhongcha Bei” (中茶杯), kanti isitifiketi salithola ngo-2017; incwadi yezethenjwa ibeka ukubhaliswa koMnyango Wezolimo ngomhla ka-20 Ephreli 2017, kanti ingosi yezokuvakasha ibeka umklomelo we-“Zhongcha Bei” onyakeni ka-2015.
    * **Ngo-2024.** Ngokombiko wengosi yezindaba yase-Anhui iZhongan Zaixian, ngalo nyaka uhlobo lwemikhiqizo lwaba neminyaka engamashumi amane selokhu lwasungulwa — lokhu kuhambisana no-1984 ohlotsheni lwendaba lukaChen Chuan. Ukuvulwa kwenkathi yeshumi nesithupha yesiko letiye nezokuvakasha lwe-“Baiyun Chunhao” kwakuhlelelwe umhla ka-6 Ephreli e-“Tea Valley of a Hundred Flowers” (百花茶谷) elokishini laseTangchi.
    * **9 Juni 2025.** Ihhovisi likahulumeni lempahla yobunikazi (CNIPA) ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 632 lamukela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
* **Imiklomelo:** I-“The Paper” ibala, ngaphandle kweminyaka, igolide lombukiso wezolimo waseChina kanye noMbukiso Womhlaba eShanghai kanye nesiqu “senkosi yetiye” embukisweni wetiye wesifundazwe. Umbiko wango-2024, futhi ngaphandle kweminyaka, ubiza iziqu ezithi “amatiye ayishumi abalulekile ohlobo lwemikhiqizo yesifundazwe sase-Anhui” (安徽省十大品牌名茶), “uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwayo lwesifundazwe sase-Anhui”, “amabhrendi ayishumi adumile etiye lase-Anhui” (中国徽茶十大著名品牌) kanye “ngebhrendi yetiye ephezulu yeDelta yaseYangtze”.
* **Igama:** “Baiyun” (白云) — “amafu amhlophe”: ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, kuhlonishwa isigodlo sezindela i-Baiyun’an namafu ngaphezu kwezivande; “chun” (春) — “intwasahlobo”; “hao” (毫) — uboya emiqulwini.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Manje lolu wuphawu oluvamile lwesifunda. Ngokwe-“The Paper”, ngo-2020 zonke izivande zetiye zesifunda zazithatha ama-mu angaba ngu-100 000 emalokishini ayisishiyagalombili; ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, eyavezwa ngo-2024, — ama-mu angu-98.7 enkulungwane, amabhizinisi etiye acishe abe yikhulu.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Izinhlobo:** Izidingo zomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo zibala iLongjing 43 (龙井43, *Lóngjǐng 43*), iZhonghuang No. 3 (中黄3号, *Zhōnghuáng 3*), iGuyuchun (谷雨春, *Gǔyǔchūn*) nezinye.
* **Isikhathi sokuvuna:** Kuvunwa futhi kucutshungulwa ngoMashi–Ephreli.
* **Izinga lokuvuna:** Ngokwencwadi yetiye, ezingeni eliphezulu (特级) — umqulu oneqabunga elilodwa kuphela elivulekile, ezingeni lokuqala (一级) — umqulu oneqabunga elilodwa noma amabili anjalo.
* **Ukutshala nokunakekela:** Ngokwezidingo — ukutshala kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngokutshala imigqa emibili — cishe izihlahla ezingu-4000 nge-mu; umquba ophilayo — umquba wezingulube nezinkukhu osewubolile, cishe amakhilogremu angu-1500 nge-mu.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Amagquma aseDabieshan esifundeni saseLujiang.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** Ngokwezidingo — ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1200, imithambeka engaphezu kuka-25°.
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinamandla emvula esingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo; ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, ngokwesilinganiso ngonyaka kungu-16.4 °C, imvula engu-1009.2 mm, amahora elanga angu-1760.1 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-253 ezingenasithwathwa.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa — insundu ephuzi (黄棕壤), eneasidi noma eneasidi encane, i-pH 5.0–5.5. Izidingo zibanzi: i-pH 4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo 1.2–2.2 %, i-phosphorus eguqukayo cishe 6–10 mg/kg, i-potassium eshintshanayo 60–100 mg/kg, ukujula kwenhlabathi kusukela kumasentimitha angama-60, ngaphandle kongqimba oqinile.
* **Isilinganiso:** Ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa, indawo evikelwe — amahektha angu-10 000, umkhiqizo wonyaka — amathani angama-330; unyaka walezi zibalo awubekiwe.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Izidingo zomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo zibeka lolu chungechunge olulandelayo:

1.  **Ukubuna kweqabunga elisha (摊青, *tānqīng*).**
2.  **Ukuhlukanisa amaqabunga ngezinga (分级, *fēnjí*).**
3.  **Ukulungisa ngokushisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa ukufiphala.
4.  **Ukupholisa (摊放冷却, *tānfàng lěngquè*).**
5.  **Ukubunjwa ngokugazinga ngokucindezela (炒压做形, *chǎo yā zuòxíng*):** Iqabunga lenziwa liqonde futhi licishe libe yisicaba.
6.  **Ukuphumula (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
7.  **Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, *chūhōng*).**
8.  **Ukomisa kabusha (复烘, *fùhōng*).**
9.  **Ukomisa okuphelele (足烘, *zúhōng*).**
10. **Ukukhetha (拣剔, *jiǎntī*) nokupakisha.**

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zokusebenza awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

* **Isimo seqabunga elomile:** Liminyene, liqondile, lizacile, licishe libe yisicaba, lisesimweni somsila wenkonjane; umbala uluhlaza, ucwebezela ngomswakama, nokuluhlaza okujulile okufihlekile (紧直挺秀微扁呈燕尾形，色泽绿润隐翠). Incwadi yezethenjwa ibhala ngendlela ehlukile: licolekile futhi lithambile, linoboya obubonakalayo, lufana nolimi lukandlunkulu (细嫩显毫……形似雀舌).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lotshala:** Limsulwa futhi lihlala njalo, linothi ecacile ye-orchid (清香持久显兰香). Incwadi yezethenjwa ilibiza ngokuthi lithambile futhi lihlala njalo (嫩香持久).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha, okuthambile, okumnandi nokuqabulayo (鲜醇甘爽).
* **Umbala wotshala:** Uluhlaza othambile futhi ukhanya (嫩绿明亮); ngokwencwadi yezethenjwa — uluhlaza ojulile futhi obala.
* **Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga elenziwe):** Lithambile, lihlaza ngokuphuzi futhi likhanya (嫩黄绿明亮); incwadi yezethenjwa yengeza ukuthi imiqulu iyalingana futhi iphelele.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali zomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo:

| Isikali | Izinga |
| :--- | :--- |
| Umswakama | kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 % |
| Imvuthuluka nothuli | kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1.5 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 34.0 % |

Incwadi yezethenjwa iveza ukuhlaziywa kwetiye eliqediwe, okwenziwa wumnyango wetiye we-Anhui Agricultural University: izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini 43.52 %, ama-polyphenol 29.27 %, ama-amino acid 5.69 (iyunithi emthonjeni ayibekiwe), i-caffeine 3.87 %; unyaka wokuhlaziya nesampula akubekiwe.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** amagremu ama-3 ngama-milliliter angu-150.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi ebonisa ngale noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi eceleni kodonga.
    3. Ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yotshala.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphinda kuthelwa kabili noma kathathu.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasini elivalekile nelingabonisi, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Zomgunyathi:**

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema izinto zomgunyathi:**
    * Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo: ilungelo lalo ligunyazwa yi-CNIPA, uhlu lwabavunyelwe luyashicilelwa.
    * Hlola ukuthi itiye livela endaweni evikelwe yesifunda saseLujiang.
    * Iqabunga — liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, liluhlaza futhi licwebezela, hhayi eligoqiwe.
    * Ungakholelwa emakhasini lapho iBaiyun Chunhao ibizwa ngetiye laseFujian noma itiye elimhlophe: lokhu kuphikisana nemibhalo yokuvikela.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ngokwezincwadi zezethenjwa nangombiko wesifunda, igama leli tiye lanikezwa isigodlo sezindela esidala i-Baiyun’an endaweni yetiye kanye noboya obumhlophe beqabunga; ngaphambilini itiye lalibizwa ngokuthi “Ergujian Maofeng”.
* Umbhalo wokuvikela nencwadi yezethenjwa zichaza isimo seqabunga ngendlela ehlukile: njengomsila wenkonjane nanjengolimi lukandlunkulu.
* Ngokwe-“The Paper”, iLujiang iyindawo yokuzalwa kaWang Kuicheng (王魁成), umdali weTaiping Houkui.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Anhui:**

* **IHuangshan Maofeng ([黄山毛峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huangshan-mao-feng)):** Nayo iqhathaniswa nolimi lukandlunkulu, kodwa leli itiye laseningizimu yesifundazwe, eduze kweHuangshan.
* **IShucheng Xiaolanhua ([舒城小兰花](https://thetea.app/zu/article/shucheng-xiao-lan-hua)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasemithambekeni esempumalanga yeDabieshan, elaziwa ngephunga le-orchid.
* **IYuexi Cuilan ([岳西翠兰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yuexi-cui-lan)):** Itiye eliluhlaza laseDabieshan, nalo elakhiwa ngawo-1980.
* **ITaiping Houkui ([太平猴魁](https://thetea.app/zu/article/taiping-hou-kui)):** Itiye eliyisicaba elinamaqabunga amakhulu “elibukhali” laseningizimu yesifundazwe; umdali walo, ngokwe-“The Paper”, — ungowokuzalwa eLujiang.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Baiyun Chunhao itiye eliluhlaza lamagquma aseDabieshan aseLujiang: iqabunga eliqondile, elicishe libe yisicaba elinoboya obumhlophe, utshala obuluhlaza obuthambile, ukunambitheka okusha okuthambile kanye nephunga elimsulwa elihlala njalo elinothi ye-orchid. Igama lalo livela esigodlweni sezindela i-Baiyun’an nakuboya obumhlophe, owandulelayo — “Ergujian Maofeng” wendawo, ukuvikelwa — kusukela ngo-2017 nango-2025.