---
title: "Bǎitáng shānchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/baitang-shancha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Bǎitáng shānchá (柏塘山茶)

**IBaitang Shancha** (*Bǎitáng shānchá*, 柏塘山茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lasesigodini saseBaitang (柏塘镇) esifundeni saseBolo (博罗县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseHuizhou, esifundazweni saseGuangdong. «山茶» egameni lisho «itiye lasentabeni», hhayi iCamellia japonica. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zinikezwa yizihlahla zendawo ezinamaqabunga amancane, phakathi kwazo kunendlela eyivelakancane enamaqabunga anombala onsomi. Kusukela ngo-2015 igama livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, futhi indinganiso yedolobha ka-2019 ilichaza njengetiye eliluhlaza: imicu emincane esontekile, iqabunga elimnyama ngokuluhlaza okunamafutha, iphunga le-«rayisi elithosiwe» noma «uthando lwezimbali», ukunambitheka okujulile nokubuya okumnandi.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Indinganiso DB4413/T 6—2019 ibiza umkhiqizo nge-«luhlaza (lasentabeni)» (绿（山）茶), futhi ubuchwepheshe obukuyo buluhlaza. Ikhadi lalishiya isigaba sivulekile — indinganiso iyisivala.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni elivela esixukwini sendawo esinamaqabunga amancane; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (isimemezelo № 143 sika-2015).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), umasipala waseHuizhou (惠州, *Huìzhōu*), isifunda saseBolo (博罗, *Bóluó*), isigodi saseBaitang (柏塘, *Bǎitáng*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwendinganiso — indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesigodi saseBaitang ngokuphelele; ibalazwe linikezwe esithasiselweni sayo A.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Ngokwendinganiso — 23°23′ N kanye ne-114°21′ E.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane ngeLuofushan.** Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibiza itiye laseBaitang ngommeleli wetiye le-Luofushan (罗浮山) futhi ichaza umlando walo ngefomula «laqala ngesikhathi sikaJin, lakhula ngesikhathi sikaTang, lachuma ngesikhathi sikaSong» (起于晋、兴于唐、盛于宋). Imibhalo ephathelene netiye laseBaitang ngokukhethekile ngaphansi kwaleli fomula ayikho — lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umlando.
    * **Isigodi esikhethekile.** Isifundazwe sase-Guangdong siqaphele i-Baitang njenge-«sigodi esikhethekile setiye lasentabeni».
    * **2015 — ukuvikelwa.** I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo № 143 sika-2015 yavikela i-Baitang Shancha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Usuku oluqondile lwesimemezelo alukho emithonjeni etholakele.
    * **2017 — indinganiso yokuqala.** Ngokwerejista yezindinganiso zendawo, ngaphambi kwendinganiso yedolobha kwakusebenza eyesifundazwe i-DB44/T 2053-2017 enegama elifanayo; manje isihoxisiwe.
    * **2019–2020 — indinganiso yedolobha.** I-Huizhou Administration for Market Regulation yagunyaza indinganiso «地理标志产品 柏塘山茶» ngomhla zingama-26 kuZibandlela 2019, futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngomhla zingama-26 kuMasingana 2020. Isisekelo — «Izidingo Zekhwalithi Nobuchwepheshe be-Baitang Shancha», ezadlula ekuhlolweni kwe-AQSIQ.
* **Igama:** «Baitang» (柏塘) yigama lesigodi; «shancha» (山茶) — «itiye lasentabeni». Igama lesiNgisi endininganisweni — «Baitang tea».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Wikipedia yesiShayina ichaza ukukhetheka kwesigodi ngokuma komhlaba: amasimu ambalwa, izintaba eziningi, futhi imithambeka inikezwe itiye lasentabeni.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo/Isixuku:** Ngokwendinganiso — isixuku sendawo (本地群种) ngezindlela ezimbili: itiye elinamaqabunga amancane (小[叶种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qiaomuguanmu)茶, *xiǎoyèzhǒng chá*) netiye elinamaqabunga amancane anamaqabunga ansomi (小叶种[紫芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/ziya-zijuan-puer)茶, *xiǎoyèzhǒng zǐyá chá*). I-Wikipedia yesiShayina ibiza indlela enamaqabunga ansomi ngohlobo oluyivelakancane ezweni lonke (全国稀有茶种): ngokwayo, ongoti balubona ngesikhathi semfundiso yabalimi betiye engadini yase-Gaoqiao (高桥).
* **Incazelo yesihlahla:** Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ichaza isihlahla njengesifushane, sineqabunga eliminyene neliphethwe (株形矮小，叶细而尖). Incazelo yezitshalo ayikho endininganisweni.
* **Indinganiso yokukha:**
    * **Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级):** amaqabunga aphelele — okungenani ama-90 %, iqabunga elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa — okungenani ama-10 %.
    * **Ibanga lokuqala (一级):** iqabunga elilodwa namacembe amabili — okungenani ama-70 %, namathathu — okungenani ama-30 %; iqabunga lide kuneqabunga noma liyalingana nalo.
* **Isikhathi sokukha:** Entwasahlobo — kusukela enkathini ye-Chunfen (春分, *chūnfēn*, cishe ngoMashi 20) kuya enkathini ye-Mangzhong (芒种, *mángzhòng*, ekuqaleni kukaJuni); ekwindla — kusukela enkathini ye-Bailu (白露, *báilù*, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba) kuya enkathini ye-Daxue (大雪, *dàxuě*, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba).
* **Indlela yokukha:** Ihlumela liyaphulwa noma lidonswe; ukuklwebha ngezipho, ukuhlubula, ukusika nokukha ngomshini indinganiso ayikuncomi (不宜).

**4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Enyakatho yesifunda saseBolo; indawo yehlela ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. I-Wikipedia ichaza i-Baitang njengesifunda esinamagquma esinendawo engu-264,24 km² nobude obusuka ku-0 kuya ku-901 m.
* **Ukuphakama nomqansa:** Indinganiso ibheka ukuphakama okusuka ku-60 m, izindawo eziyisicaba nemithambeka efinyelela ku-25° njengokufanelekile.
* **Isimo sezulu:** I-subtropical monsoon eseningizimu. Ngokwendinganiso, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — 22,1 °C, imvula — 1918 mm, ukukhanya kwelanga — amahora angu-1871,5 ngonyaka; «ihlobo elishisayo, ubusika obupholile, intwasahlobo nekwindla ezifudumele». Ngetiye, 20–25 °C nokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe kuyafaneleka.
* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi yemithambeka yezintaba ze-Luofushan, Xiangtoushan (象头山), Nankunshan (南昆山) kanye ne-Guoshan (桂山) ngaphakathi kwesigodi: ungqimba olungekho ngaphansi kwe-1 m, izinto eziphilayo ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-1,5 %, i-pH 4,5–6,5.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Indinganiso ibeka ukulandelana:

1.  **Ukunaba (摊青, *tānqīng*):** Iqabunga elisha liyanabisa futhi libune.
2.  **Ukulungisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3.  **Ukusonteka (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
4.  **Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块, *jiěkuài*).**
5.  **Ukomisa ngokuthosa (炒干, *chǎogān*).**

Amazinga okushisa nobude besikhathi indinganiso ayiwabizi. Iyakwenqabela ukungezwa, imibala nokungcola okungekona okwetiye futhi idinga ephunga le-«fire high» (火工高) — ithoni ephawulekayo yekomisa ngomlilo; izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukufinyelela lokhu azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibala izinyathelo ngendlela ehlukile — nge-«ukuphakamisa iphunga» (提香) ekugcineni futhi ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izigaxa. Indinganiso iyona evamile.

**6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:**

Indinganiso ichaza zombili izindlela zezinto zokusetshenziswa; izidingo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisiwe.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imicu iminyene, isontekile, igoqeke ngokuqinile, imincane futhi ilingene (粗实、卷曲、紧结、细匀). Umbala wetiye elinamaqabunga amancane — onamafutha futhi olinganayo, welinamaqabunga ansomi — uluhlaza okomnyama, onamafutha futhi olinganayo (乌绿、油润、调匀).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele: indinganiso ichaza iphunga kuphela lapho kuphuzwa.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Kancane kukhukhumele, «nomlilo ophakeme», kwemvelo futhi kuhlanzekile, kugcwele futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside; umbala we-«rayisi elithosiwe» (炒米香) noma «uthando lwezimbali» (花蜜香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kumnene futhi kujulile, kancane kubaba, nokubuya okumnandi; itiye likwazi ukuphuzwa kaningi (醇厚、略涩、回味甘甜、耐冲泡).
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Kowelamaqabunga amancane — okhanyayo ngokuthambile futhi ocacile (柔亮、清澈); kowamaqabunga ansomi — onsundu, okhanyayo ngokuthambile futhi ocacile.
* **Isitsha setiye (iqabunga eliphuphiwe):** Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele: indinganiso ayikubeki.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izidingo zefiziksi namakhemikhali zendininganiso:

| Isilinganiso | Indinganiso | Indlela |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | okungenani ama-24,0 % | GB/T 8313 |
| Ama-extract asemanzini | okungenani ama-40,0 % | GB/T 8305 |
| Ama-anthocyanin (花青素) | okungenani ama-2,4 mg/g | GB/T 22244 |

Lezi yizindinganiso, hhayi izilinganiso zamaqoqo. Indinganiso yama-anthocyanin endininganisweni iyefana kuzo zombili izindlela zezinto zokusetshenziswa; ukuthi kungani lesi silinganiso sikhethwa, umbhalo awuchazi. Indlela — i-GB/T 22244, indinganiso yokunquma ama-proanthocyanidin (前花青素), ngakho-ke ukuthi yini ngempela elinganiswayo, akucaci ngokungaguquki embhalweni.

**8. Izinzuzo:**

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokukhethekile.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
    2. Ukubeka itiye nokuthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
    3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Ukuphuza ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa, bese uthela amanzi futhi: indinganiso iphawula ukuthi itiye likwazi ukuphuzwa kaningi.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emgqonyeni ovaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka. Indinganiso idinga ukuthi itiye eliqediwe ligcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile eyomile ngaphandle kwamaphunga angavumelekile.

**11. Intengo Nama-Fake:**

Ayikho idatha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ugwema ama-fake:**
    * Ukufuna uphawu oluvikelwe lokukhiqiza olunophawu lwendawo kanye negama elivikelwe emgqonyeni.
    * Ukuhlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esigodini saseBaitang esifundeni saseBolo.
    * Ukuqhathanisa ukubukeka: imicu emincane esontekile eluhlaza okomnyama, iphunga le-«rayisi elithosiwe» noma «uthando lwezimbali».
    * Ukukhumbula ukuthi indinganiso ichaza itiye eliluhlaza kuphela.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza leli tiye (柏塘山茶制作技艺) imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibubiza ngamagugu angabonakali esifunda saseBolo.
* Ukuphisa kwendlela enamaqabunga ansomi ngokwendinganiso kunsundu — umbala ongajwayelekile wetiye eliluhlaza.
* Ukuvuna kwasekwindla kuqhubeka kuze kube yinkathi ye-Daxue — «iqhwa elikhulu».

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Ase-Guangdong:**

* **IHuidong Lü Cha ([惠东绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huidong-lucha)):** I-athikili yomgogodla ngamatiye aluhlaza wesinye isifunda sikamasipala ofanayo — igama elihlanganisayo, hhayi umkhiqizo ovikelwe wesigodi esisodwa.
* **IBolo Hong Cha ([博罗红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/boluo-hongcha)):** I-athikili yomgogodla ngetiye elibomvu lesifunda saseBolo; itiye elibomvu aliweli ngaphansi kwendinganiso ye-Baitang Shancha.
* **IGulao Cha ([古劳茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gulaocha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lasendulo lesigodi saseGulao edolobheni laseHeshan.
* **IKanghe Cha ([康禾茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/kanghe-cha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesigodi saseKanghe esifundeni saseDongyuan ngaphansi kukamasipala waseHeyuan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Baitang Shancha itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lesigodi esisodwa sesifunda saseBolo, elivikelwe kusukela ngo-2015 futhi lichazwa yindinganiso ka-2019 ngezindlela ezimbili zesihlahla sendawo — elinamaqabunga amancane nelinamaqabunga ansomi, elinokuphisa okunsundu nendinganiso yama-anthocyanin. Ukulandelana kwezikhathi kusukela eJin kuya eSong kungcono ukukubheka njengenganekwane, kanti imicu emincane esontekile, iphunga le-«rayisi elithosiwe» kanye nokunambitheka okujulile nokubuya okumnandi yikho indinganiso ethembisa khona enkomishini.