---
title: "I-Báishā Hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/baisha-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# I-Báishā Hóngchá (白沙红茶, Báishā hóngchá)

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — elithelisiwe ngokupheleleyo (i-oxidized).
* **Isigaba:** Amatiy abomvu aseHainan; itiye lesifunda elifakwe ohlelweni lwezindinganiso ze-tuántǐ biāozhǔn (团体标准, tuántǐ biāozhǔn, 'izinga leqembu') lesifunda saseBhayisha. Likhiqizwa kokubili ngefomethi ye-gōngfū hóngchá (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá) kanye neye-gǔshù hóngchá ([古树](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gushu-dashu-taidi-yesheng)红茶, gǔshù hóngchá) kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe zezihlahla ezindala.
* **Indawo yemvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe saseHainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), i-Baisha Li Autonomous County (白沙黎族自治县, Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn). Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza: i-Yáchā Zhèn (牙叉镇, Yáchā Zhèn), i-Qīfāng Zhèn (七坊镇, Qīfāng Zhèn), i-Bāngxī Zhèn (邦溪镇, Bāngxī Zhèn), kanye nendawo ye-Baisha State Farm (白沙农场, Báishā Nóngchǎng) endaweni yomgodi wemeteorite.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** ≈ 19.2° N, 109.3° E (isikhungo se-Baisha County).

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:** I-Baisha ingesinye sezifunda zokuqala zetiye e-Hainan, umlando wayo uhlangene kakhulu namasiko abantu base-Li (黎族, Lízú). Uhlobo lwetiye lasendle oluyijikijolo elimnyama lwatholakala kulesi sifunda ngekhulu le-19: ngo-1882 isazi sezitshalo saseMelika u-Henry Benjamin Hance (香便文, Xiāng Biànwén) wabhala phansi izihlahla zetiye zasendle eduze kwendawo ebizwa nge-“Shímǎntīng” (什满汀), okwaba ngobunye ubufakazi bokuthi umsuka wetiye use-China. Abantu base-Li emakhulwini eminyaka babebuthela amahlamvu amakhulu etiye lasendle ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni nasekusebenziseni ekhaya.
  Ukutshalwa kwetiye ngezimboni kwaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950: ngo-1958 kwasungulwa i-Baisha State Farm, okwakuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okuhleliwe kwamasimu etiye. Ekuqaleni ipulazi laligxile ezinhlotsheni zamakhulu endabuko nezaseYunnan, likhiqiza ikakhulukazi itiye elibomvu lokuthengisa ngaphandle. Ngo-1985 itiye laseHainan elibomvu elichotshoziwe (红碎茶, hóng suì chá) lawina indondo yegolide emqhudelwaneni womhlaba wamatiy abomvu e-Great Britain.
  Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990, ngemuva kokwehla kokuthengiswa kwetiye elichotshoziwe, i-Baisha yagxila etiyeleni eliluhlaza, okwaba wuphawu lwesifunda — i-Báishā Lǜchá ([白沙绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/baisha-lu-cha), Báishā Lǜchá) eyaziwayo yathola isimo somkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Nokho, ngeminyaka yama-2020 itiye elibomvu liyavuselelwa: ngo-2023 izinga le-tuántǐ biāozhǔn 'I-Baisha Hongcha' (团体标准《白沙红茶》) lashicilelwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezinga lemboni yetiye yesifunda, kanti inkampani i-'Bóshā' (薄沙, Bóshā) yakhiqiza uchungechunge lwe-'Báishā Gǔshù Hóngchá' (白沙古树红茶) kusetshenziswa izinto zezihlahla ezindala.
* **Igama:** 'Bai' (白) — 'okumhlophe', 'Sha' (沙) — 'isihlabathi': igama lesifunda libhekisela ogwini olumhlophe lwesihlabathi lwemifula yasendaweni. 'Hong Cha' (红茶) — 'itiye elibomvu'. Ngakho-ke, igama eliphelele lihunyushwa ngokuthi 'itiye elibomvu lase-[sifundeni] saseBhayisha'.
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** I-Báishā Hóngchá iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko letiye laseHainan elivuselelwayo. Isifunda i-Baisha, esifakwe kwi-Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (海南热带雨林国家公园, Hǎinán Rèdài Yǔlín Guójiā Gōngyuán), sibeka umkhiqizo waso lapho kuhlangana khona imvelo namasiko abantu base-Li: itiye libhekwa njengokubonakala kwengqikithi ethi 'Izintaba Eziluhlaza Namanzi Ahlanzekile — Izintaba Zegolide Nezesiliva' (绿水青山就是金山银山). Ngo-2021 i-Baisha yangena phakathi kwezindawo eziyisisekelo zikazwelonke 'zezintaba ezimbili' (两山实践创新基地). Ngo-2024 engqungqutheleni yokuqala yomhlaba yokunambitha itiye laseHainan lasehlathini lemvula (2024首届自贸港海南雨林大叶茶全球品鉴招商大会) itiye elibomvu laseBhayisha lethulwa njengomunye wemikhiqizo esemqoka.

**3. Incazelo Yezithombo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / I-Cultivar:** Isisekelo sezinto ezingavuthiwe sakhiwa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamahlamvu amakhulu:
  - I-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng (海南大叶种, Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng) — uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwaseHainan oluyingqayizivele, oluyingxenye yomndeni wama-assamica (*Camellia sinensis* var. *assamica*), olwaqashelwa njengohlobo lukazwelonke 'Huá Chá No. 16' (华茶16号, GSCT16) ngo-1984. Iqabunga likhulu, linenyama, futhi linezinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenols.
  - I-Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng) — yalethwa e-Hainan ngeminyaka yama-1950–60; nayo ingaphansi kwe-*var. assamica*.
  Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulazi amaningi asebenzisa izinto ezisuka ezihlahleni ezindala zasendle neziyingxenye yasendle (古茶树, gǔ cháshù), iminyaka yezinye zazo efinyelela eminyakeni engama-300–380.
* **Ukubutha:** Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, itiye eBhayisha libuthwa cishe unyaka wonke, kuhlanganise nobusika: ukubuthwa kokuqala kwangaphambi kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngoDisemba — lokhu kuyi-'chūnchá' (春茶) yokuqala kunazo zonke e-China. Izinkathi eziwukhiye — intwasahlobo yokuqala (Disemba–Februwari), intwasahlobo (Mashi–Apreli) kanye nekwindla (Septemba–Oktoba).
* **Izinga lokubutha:** Ihlumela elilodwa (单芽, dān yá) kumabanga aphezulu; ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè) noma ihlumela elilodwa namahlamvu amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè) emaqoqweni ajwayelekile. Ukubuthwa ngesandla.
* **Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe:** Iqabunga elisha, elingonakalanga elinamathupha agqamile asagolide (金毫, jīn háo); ngaphandle komonakalo womshini nezimpawu zezilokazane.

**4. Indawo Okutshalwa Kuyo Nezimpawu Zayo:**

* **Ukuphakama kokuhluma:** 200–600 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amanye amaqoqo ezihlahla zasendle atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifinyelela ku-1,400 m emithambekeni ye-Límǔ Shān (黎母山, Límǔ Shān).
* **Isimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu se-tropiki esinamanzi amaningi. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka cishe li-22–23°C, imvula ejwayelekile yonyaka engu-1,800–2,000 mm. Ukuvalwa kwehlathi lesifunda kungaphezu kuka-83%, okuhlinzeka ngenkungu evamile ekuseni nakusihlwa endaweni yomgodi wemeteorite. Isici esiyingqayizivele — umehluko obonakalayo wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku ezindaweni ezinezintaba, okunomthelela ekunqwabelaneni kwezakhi ezinuka kamnandi eqabungeni.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ubungqayizivele obuyinhloko — indawo yomgodi wemeteorite (陨石坑, yǔnshí kēng) eneminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-700,000, ethatha indawo engaba ngu-10 km engaba semngceleni. I-breccia ye-impact yalomgodi iqukethe amaminerali angaphezu kuka-48, okunikeza inhlabathi ukuhlukahluka okuhlukile kokwakheka kwezakhi ezincane. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwenhlabathi — inhlabathi ebomvu yesitini eyi-lateritic (砖红壤, zhuān hóng rǎng), ethuthukiswe emadwaleni e-basalt: ene-asidi encane (i-pH 4.5–5.5), ejulile, enokuqukethwe okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Yilokhu kumbiwa kwenhlabathi okuhlukile komgodi okwakha iphrofayili yokunambitha eyingqayizivele yetiye laseBhayisha — kubhekiwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezifanayo ezitshalwe emamitheni angu-3 ukusuka emgodini ziveza itiye elikhombisa kancane kakhulu.
* **Ubucwepheshe bezolimo:** Eminyakeni yamuva isifunda sithuthukisa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwetiye ngendlela ephilayo: indawo yezingadi ezitifikethiwe eziphilayo yeqa ama-mu angu-3,500 (≈ 230 ha). Ingqikithi yendawo yamasimu etiye e-Baisha — ngaphezu kwe-10,000 mu (≈ 680 ha), okungaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke izitshalo zetiye e-Hainan. Kusetshenziswa izindlela eziphilayo: ukungasetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ophilayo, ukufulela, ukuhlanganiswa nokuphathwa kwehlathi lase-tropiki.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

I-Báishā Hóngchá ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bakudala be-gōngfū-itiye elibomvu obushintshelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu zase-tropiki:

- **Ukubutha (采摘, cǎizhāi):** Ukubutha ngesandla amahlumela athambile ngezikhathi zasekuseni.
- **Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo):** Ukubuna ngokwemvelo kumathileyi oqalo endaweni enomoya omuhle noma ngaphandle emthunzini. Isikhathi esiyimahora angu-12–18 kuye ngomswakama. Inhloso — ukwehlisa umswakama kuze kufinyelele ku-60–64% nokwenza kusebenze izinqubo ze-enzyme. Isimo sezulu sase-tropiki sase-Hainan sivumela ukubuna ngokwemvelo unyaka wonke.
- **Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn):** Ukusonga ngomshini ukuze kugqashuke izindonga zamangqamuzana kanye nokukhishwa kwamajusi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu zase-Hainan zidinga ukusongwa okunamandla nokuthatha isikhathi eside kunezinhlobo zamahlamvu amancane.
- **Ukuvutshelwa / i-oxidation (发酵, fājiào):** Ezingeni lokushisa elingu-25–30°C nomswakama ongu-90–95% isikhathi esingamahora angu-3–5. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Hainan zamahlamvu amakhulu, ezicebile ngama-polyphenols, ziveza ukuvutshelwa okunamandla nokwakheka kwenani elikhulu lama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, okuhlinzeka ngobukhulu nokugqama okuyisici kwencibilikisi.
- **Ukomiswa / ukushisisa (烘干, hōnggān):** Ukulungiswa kwephrofayili engu-100–120°C. Amapulazi amaningi asebenzisa ukumiswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukomiswa kokuqala ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu bese kulandela 'ukuqedela' ngo-80–90°C, okuqinisa amanothi oju ne-caramel.
- **Ukuhlelwa (分级, fēnjí):** Ukwehlukaniswa ngezingxenyana, ukuhlukaniswa kwamabanga e-tip neqabunga.

Ochungechungeni lwe-'Gǔshù Hóngchá' kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezihlahla ezindala ubuchwepheshe buhamba kancane: ukubuna okwemvelo okuthatha isikhathi eside kanye nokuvutshelwa okulingene ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphunga okuyinkimbinkimbi.

**6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ukusongeka okuqinile, okuminyene, okufana nentambo. Iqabunga likhulu, linamathupha asagolide amaningi (金毫, jīn háo). Umbala — kusuka kokunsundu okumnyama kuya komnyama okunemibalabala yegolide.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Ithoni evelele yoju inamanothi ezithelo ezomisiwe zase-tropiki (i-longan, i-litchi), ithuba elincane likakhokho we-cocoa. Emaqoqweni asezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezihlahla ezindala — kukhona ukujula okwengeziwe 'kwehlathi', okufana nengxolo yesihlahla efudumele.
* **Iphunga lencibilikisi:** Lifudumele, liyagubuzela. Emanothini aphezulu — uju nezithelo ezivuthiwe zase-tropiki; esesikhathini esiphakathi — i-caramel, ubhatata oshisayo omnandi; esisekelweni — ukufutheka okuhle nokubaba. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside, lisala enkomishini engenalutho (杯底香, bēi dǐ xiāng).
* **Ukunambitha:** Kuminyene, kunamafutha, 'nomzimba' ogqamile (厚实, hòushí). Izincibilikiso zokuqala zembula ubumnandi obucebile obunamathunzi oju ne-caramel. Ezincibilikisweni ezimaphakathi kuvela inothi leminerali — 'inkumbulo' yenhlabathi yemeteorite. Umunyu umnene, ulinganisele kahle. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva (回甘, huígān) kude, kufudumele, kunobumnandi obucacile boju nokubaba okuncane kukapelepele.
* **Umbala wencibilikisi:** Kubomvu kwe-amber, kugqamile futhi obala, kunomnsalo wegolide ogqamile (金圈, jīn quān) emaphethelweni enkomishi. Ngokuya ngokuqhubeka kokuphakwa — kusuka ku-amber omnyama kuya kobomvu wethusi.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphakiwe):** Amahlamvu amakhulu avuleka ngokuphelele nangokulinganayo; umbala kusuka kokubomvu kwethusi kuya konsundu; iqabunga linwebeka, linenyama, ligcina ubuqotho.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

* **Ama-Polyphenol:** Uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwase-Hainan luphawuleka ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol etiye — kufinyelela ku-35% eqabungeni elisha (ngokuqhathanisa, ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile zamahlamvu amancane — 20–25%). Ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa ama-catechin aguqulwa abe ama-theaflavin (TF, 1–2%) nama-thearubigin (TR, 10–15%), ahlinzeka ngokugqama kwencibilikisi 'nomzimba' wokunambitha.
* **Ama-Amino Acid:** I-L-theanine, i-glutamic acid, i-aspartic acid. Ingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid — cishe u-2–3% wesisindo esomile. I-L-theanine inesibopho sokunambitha kwangemuva okubushelelezi nokumnandi.
* **Ama-Alkaloid:** I-caffeine — cishe u-4–6% wesisindo esomile (ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso ngenxa yohlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwe-assamica); i-theobromine ne-theophylline ngamanani amancane.
* **Amavithamini:** Amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₆), uvithamini C (eqabungeni elisha — kufinyelela ku-200 mg/100g, emva kokuvutshelwa kwehla kakhulu), uvithamini P (rutin).
* **Amaminerali:** I-Potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium. Ukumbiwa okuyingqayizivele kwenhlabathi yemeteorite kungase kucebise itiye ngama-microelement angavamile.
* **Amafutha Abalulekile Nezingxube Ezinukayo Ezingashintshi:** Inhlanganisela ye-terpene alcohols (i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerol), kanye nemikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard, ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokumiswa — i-furanone, i-maltol, okwakha iphunga loju ne-caramel.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

* Kunomphumela omnene wokuqinisa ngenxa yenhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine: kuvusa amandla ngaphandle 'kwe-caffeine jump', kukhuthaza ukugxilisa ingqondo okuzolile.
* Kunomsebenzi we-antioxidant ngenxa yama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, asusa ama-free radical.
* Kusiza ukugaya ukudla ngokunethezeka: itiye elibomvu elivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu livame ukunconywa ngemva kokudla okunamafutha ngenxa yezinto ezimunyu kanye nokumunyu okumnene.
* Kweseka impilo yohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokusetshenziswa okulingene: ama-flavonoid akhuthaza ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
* Kunomphumela ogqamile wokufudumeza, okwenza kube itiye lasebusika elifaneleke (yize linemvelaphi yase-tropiki).
* Kuqukethe ama-microelement ahlobene nokwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwaminerali kwenhlabathi yemeteorite, okungase kwenyuse inani lokudla okunomsoco.
* Ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu anomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala futhi asize ukugcina isimo sesikhumba esinempilo ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile okulingene.
* Itiye elibomvu elifudumele lisusa ukukhathala okuqondakalayo futhi lidala umuzwa wokunethezeka ngokwengqondo — umphumela oqiniswa yiprofil yephunga loju ne-caramel ye-Báishā Hóngchá.

**9. Ukudidiyela (Ukupheka):**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95°C. Emaqoqweni avela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlumela (单芽) — 85–90°C; emaqoqweni ajwayelekile amahlamvu — 90–95°C.
* **Inani letiye:** 5–6 g ku-100–120 ml.
* **Isitsha:** I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ukuveza iphrofayili yephunga; iteapot le-porcelain noma lengilazi; iteapot ye-Yixing yodaka olubomvu ukuze uthole isici esizungezayo, 'esinomzimba' wencibilikisi.
* **Inqubo:**
  1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachitha.
  2. Thela itiye, ulivumele 'liphefumule' esitsheni esifudunyeziwe imizuzwana engu-15–20.
  3. Ukuhlambulula akuyona impoqo, kodwa kuyavunyelwa — isincibilikiso esisheshayo (imizuzwana engu-1–2) seqabunga elisongeke ngokuqinile.
  4. Isincibilikiso sokuqala: imizuzwana engu-8–10.
  5. Isibili kuya kwesine: imizuzwana engu-10–15.
  6. Kusuka kwesesihlanu, yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–10.
  7. Iqoqo lekhwalithi elihle limele izincibilikiso ezingu-6–10; amaqoqo e-gǔshù — kufinyelela kwezingu-12–15.
* **Indlela ehlukile:** Indlela yaseNtshonalanga — 3–4 g ku-200 ml, kufakwe imizuzu engu-3–4 ngo-90°C. Futhi i-Báishā Hóngchá ifaneleka kahle ekuphekeni okubandayo (冷泡, lěng pào): 5 g ku-500 ml wamanzi abandayo, amahora angu-8–12 efrijini.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* Isitsha esivala umoya esingabonisi (ithini likathayela, isikhwama se-vacuum se-foil), ukuvikela ekukhanyeni, umswakama, iphunga langaphandle nokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa.
* Izinga lokushisa elifanele: 15–25°C, umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-60%. Akudingi ukugcinwa efrijini (ngokuphambene netiye eliluhlaza).
* Itiye elibomvu elisha elivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu linambitheka kahle ezinyangeni zokuqala ezi-12–18, kodwa amaqoqo ekhwalithi (ikakhulukazi avela ezihlahleni ezindala) angakwazi 'ukuzungeza' futhi azuze ukujula phakathi neminyaka engu-2–3 ngokugcinwa okufanele. Ukuthuthuka okuyisici — ukuthamba kokumunyu, ukukhula kwamanothi oju ne-caramel.

**11. Intengo Nokugwema Ukukopela:**

* **Intengo:** Amaqoqo ajwayelekile e-Báishā Hóngchá — kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-800 yuan nge-500 g (kuye ngebanga). Amaqoqo avela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezihlahla ezindala (古树红茶) kanye ne-'Jīn Háo' (金毫) enethiphu — kusuka ku-1,000 kuya ku-3,000+ yuan nge-500 g. Amaqoqo aphilayo atifikethiwe omkhiqizo 'Bó Shā' (薄沙) athatha ingxenye yentengo ephezulu.
* **Uzogwema kanjani ukukokotela:**
  1. Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile abanokulandeleleka kweqoqo kuze kufike epulazini elithile. Bheka ukuthi kukhona uphawu lwe-'Baisha Tea' kanye nokuhambisana ne-tuántǐ biāozhǔn (团体标准).
  2. Hlola iqabunga: i-Báishā Hóngchá yangempela evela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu ihluke ngeqabunga elikhulu ngokubonakalayo futhi elinenyama uma liqhathaniswa namatiye abomvu amancane e-Fujian noma e-Yunnan.
  3. Hlola iphunga: kumele lihlanzekile, libe nophunga loju nezithelo, ngaphandle kokubola, isikhunta noma 'ukuthoswa' ngokweqile.
  4. Hlola incibilikisi: umbala obomvu we-amber ogqamile, obala, umnsalo wegolide ogqamile (金圈). Incibilikisi enodaka noma efile iwuphawu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingelihlosile noma ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe.
  5. Qaphela amanani aphansi ngokusolisayo 'e-gǔshù hóngchá' — amaqoqo angempela avela ezihlahleni ezindala anomthamo olinganiselwe.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-Baisha iyona ndawo kuphela emhlabeni yokutshalwa kwetiye etholakala endaweni yomgodi wemeteorite. Umgodi oneminyaka engu-70,000 ubudala nobubanzi obungaba ngu-3.7 km uqukethe i-impact breccia enamaminerali angaphezu kuka-48, okunika inhlabathi yendawo ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele, okungenakuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi enye indawo yetiye emhlabeni.
* I-Baisha ikhiqiza itiye lasentwasahlobo lokuqala kunazo zonke e-China: ukubuthwa 'kwe-chūnchá' kuqala ngoDisemba, lapho kwezinye izifundazwe eziningi zetiye izihlahla zetiye zisabuthongo ubusika. Itiye eliluhlaza laseBhayisha linegama elingekho emthethweni elithi 'iphunga lokuqala lwangaphambi kwentwasahlobo le-China' (华夏第一早春香茗).
* Ngo-1882 isazi sezitshalo semishini saseMelika u-Henry Benjamin Hance wathola izihlahla zetiye zasendle emahlathini aseBhayisha, okwaba ngobunye ubufakazi engxoxweni yamazwe ngomhlaba ngendawo yemvelaphi yetiye — futhi kwaqinisekisa ukuqala kwe-China.
* Isifunda saseBhayisha siyingxenye ye-Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park — ipaki likazwelonke elincane kunawo wonke e-China (lasungulwa ngo-2021). Izihlahla zetiye zasendle epaki zivikelwe umthetho njengomthombo wezakhi zofuzo ongandile.
* Ngo-2022 kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-carbon emkhiqizweni wetiye e-Hainan: itiye eliluhlaza 'i-Bó Shā' lathola uphawu lwe-carbon (碳标签, tàn biāoqiān), laba itiye lokuqala esiqhingini 'nendlela yekhabhoni' eqinisekisiwe. Umsebenzi ofanayo uyenzelwa netiye elibomvu.
* Ngokwemininingwane ye-Hainan University, esifundeni saseBhayisha kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zezitshalo ezisetshenziswa abantu bendawo base-Li ukulungisa amatiy e-herbal-'liángchá' (凉茶): itiye lasendle, itiye le-parasite (寄生茶), itiye 'i-zhègūchá' (鹧鸪茶) nokunye. Lesi siko le-ethnobotanical esicebile sisebenza njengengemuva lapho kuthuthukiswa khona ukukhiqizwa kwamanje kwe-Báishā Hóngchá.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiy Abomvu:**

* **I-Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá ([五指山红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/wuzhishan-hongcha), Wǔzhǐshān Hóngchá):** 'Umakhelwane' oseduze — itiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni esiseduze sase-Wuzhishan. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifanayo (i-Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng), kodwa indawo yokutshala yehlukile: i-Wuzhishan iphakeme kakhulu (ifinyelela ku-1,000+ m), okunikeza isici esincane esilula, esinezimbali. I-Baisha iyazuza ngokunambitheka kwangemuva okuneminerali 'yomgodi'.
* **I-Diān Hóng ([滇红](https://thetea.app/zu/article/dianhong), Diān Hóng):** Itiye elibomvu laseYunnan oluvela ohlotsheni olufanayo lwe-assamica (*var. assamica*). I-Diān Hóng, ngokuvamile, igqama kakhulu emananothini oju nopelepele, inamandla 'e-muscat'. I-Báishā Hóngchá — inesici se-tropiki ngokwengqikithi: amanothi e-longan ne-litchi, umzimba othambile, ukumunyu okunolaka okuncane.
* **I-Yīngdé Hóngchá ([英德红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/yingde-hongcha), Yīngdé Hóngchá):** Itiye elibomvu elivela esifundazweni sase-Guangdong, futhi elivela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu (i-Yínhóng No. 9 nezinye). I-Yīngdé Hóngchá — iyisitayela 'sakudala' sase-Guangdong: ubumnandi obulingene, amanothi kashokoledi ne-rose eyomile. I-Báishā Hóngchá yehluka ngezithelo zase-tropiki ezigqamile kanye nesisekelo seminerali.
* **I-Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng ([正山小种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zheng-shan-xiao-zhong), Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng):** Itiye elibomvu lamahlamvu amancane lase-Fujian elivela esiqiwini sase-Wuyi. Ngokwesitayela — isitayela esihluke ngokuyisisekelo: amanothi entuthu-ephayini (ezingxenyeni ezibhemayo) noma amanothi e-longan nezimbali (ezingxenyeni ezingabhenywa), 'umzimba' othambile, onjengosilika. I-Báishā Hóngchá — inesilinganiso esihlukile sokunambitha: iminyene, 'inamafutha', inezithelo zase-tropiki kanye nesisekelo seminerali, okuyisici sezinto ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu zase-tropiki.
* **IHainan Hóng Suì Chá / INánhǎi CTC (南海CTC红碎茶, Nánhǎi CTC Hóng Suì Chá):** 'Umfowabo omdala' ongokomlando we-Báishā Hóngchá — itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe, elalikhiqizwa eNánhǎi Tea Factory (南海茶厂) esifundeni sase-Ding'an kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu ezifanayo, kodwa ngobuchwepheshe be-CTC. Ngokuphambene ne-Báishā Hóngchá enamaqabunga aphelele, inguqulo ye-CTC yayigxile emakethe yokuthekelisa kanye nokusetshenziswa nobisi noshukela. Imboni yayeka ukusebenza, kodwa ifa layo liyingxenye yomlando wetiye elibomvu lase-Hainan.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Báishā Hóngchá — itiye elibomvu elinozalo 'lwasemkhathini' oluyingqayizivele: elikhule endaweni yomgodi wemeteorite wasendulo, enhlabathini eyi-lateritic enokwakheka okuhlukile kwaminerali, kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezinamandla zamahlamvu amakhulu zohlobo lwe-assamica. Leli tiye lihlanganisa ukuphana kwe-tropiki — ubumnandi boju, ukugcwala kwezithelo, 'umzimba' onamafutha — nenothi leminerali elingenakuphindwaphindwa kunoma iyiphi enye indawo. I-Báishā Hóngchá ifaneleka kahle kulabo abafuna enye indlela esikhundleni se-Diān Hóng noma i-Jīn Jūn Méi yakudala futhi belungele ukuthola i-tropiki i-Hainan — isifundazwe sase-China esiseningizimu kakhulu, lapho intwasahlobo ifika ngoDisemba, futhi itiye limunca amandla ehlathi lase-tropiki kanye nenkumbulo yokushayisana kwasemkhathini okwenzeka eminyakeni engu-700,000 edlule.