---
title: "Bǎisè hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/baise-hongcha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Bǎisè hóngchá (百色红茶)

**I-Baise Hongcha** (*Bǎisè hóngchá*, 百色红茶) — itiye elibomvu lesifunda sikaMasipala wase-Baise (百色市) entshonalanga ye-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, emngceleni we-Yunnan ne-Vietnam. Leli yigama lesifunda: indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa izifunda eziyishumi namadolobha, kodwa hhayi wonke, kodwa izigodi namadolobhana angama-39 kanye nemizana eyi-118 kuzo. Impahla eluhlaza — uhlobo lwendawo lwe-Lingyun Baihao (凌云白毫茶), futhi luyohlobo lukahulumeni lwe-Huacha No. 26. Kusukela ngo-2016 igama liyinkomba yezolimo yendawo, ngo-2024 kwakhishelwa lona indinganiso yeqembu, kwathi ngo-2025 langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enezinkomba zendawo ze-CNIPA.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye elibomvu (红茶, *hóngchá*), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele. Isigaba siqanjwe egameni nasegameni lendinganiso yeqembu yango-2024.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Guangxi; inkombandlela yezolimo yendawo (2016) kanye nomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo ohlwini lwe-CNIPA (2025).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, *Guǎngxī*), uMasipala wase-Baise (百色, *Bǎisè*).
* **Indawo evikelwe:** Ngokwesimemezelo sikaNgqongqoshe wezoLimo No. 2384 (2016) — izigodi namadolobhana angama-39 kanye nemizana yokuphatha eyi-118 ezifundeni eziyishumi, amadolobha nezifunda zesifunda: i-Youjiang (右江), i-Pingguo (平果), i-Debao (德保), i-Jingxi (靖西), i-Napo (那坡), i-Lingyun (凌云), i-Leye (乐业), i-Tianlin (田林), i-Longlin (隆林) ne-Xilin (西林).
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** 104°42′–107°48′ empumalanga, 22°53′–25°02′ enyakatho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Imibhalo yasekuqaleni.** Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, imibhalo ebhaliwe ngokutshalwa kwetiye esifundeni iqala ngeminyaka ye-Hongzhi (弘治) yoMbusi u-Xiaozong woBukhosi bakwa-Ming — kusukela ngo-1488. Kuthiwa futhi esifundeni kugcinwe izihlahla eziningi zetiye ezindala zasendle.
    * **1970–1980.** Ngokwencazelo efanayo, i-Baise yayiyisizinda sikahulumeni sokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu elisikiwe lokuthumela ngaphandle (红碎茶).
    * **2001.** Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, «itiye elibomvu le-gongfu, ibanga lokuqala» lathola igolide emqhudelwaneni we-III Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wamatiye Adumile.
    * **2009–2014.** Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, emiqhudelwaneni ye-VIII–X ye-«Zhongcha Bei» (中茶杯) ka-2009–2013, kusuka emiklomelweni ephezulu engama-79 eqenjini letiye elibomvu ezweni lonke, eziyi-15 zazitholwa amatiye ase-Baise, kanti emiqhudelwaneni ye-I–III ye-«Guoyin Bei» (国饮杯) ka-2010–2014 — eziyi-15 kwezingama-42.
    * **2016.** UNgqongqoshe wezoLimo ngesimemezelo No. 2384 sangoMashi 31, 2016 wabhalisa i-Baise Hongcha eqenjini lokuqala lezinkomba zezolimo zendawo zalowo nyaka. Umfakisicelo — isikhungo sokuthuthukisa itiye sesifunda (百色市茶叶开发中心); inombolo yenqubo yekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe — AGI2016-01-1855.
    * **2024.** NgoMeyi 21, ngoSuku Lwetiye Lomhlaba, i-Guangxi Tea Industry Association yakhipha izindinganiso zeqembu i-T/TEAGX 006-2024 «Umkhiqizo wezolimo onenkombandlela yendawo. I-Baise Hongcha» kanye ne-T/TEAGX 007-2024 ngobuchwepheshe bokuphrosesa kwayo; zombili zisebenza kusukela ngoJuni 21, 2024. Ngokwamagama, eyokuqala ibeka izidingo zomkhiqizo, eyesibili — izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokuphrosesa. Umbhalo wezindinganiso angiwubonanga.
    * **2025.** Igama langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enezinkomba zendawo, olugunyazwe isimemezelo se-CNIPA No. 640.
* **Igama:** «Baise» (百色) — igama likamasipala wesifunda; «hongcha» (红茶) — «itiye elibomvu».
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Ibhrendi yesifunda phezu kwamatiye ezifunda eziyishumi namadolobha; ngeminyaka yawo-1970–1980 isifunda, ngokwencazelo yenkomba, sasiyisizinda sikahulumeni setiye elibomvu elisikiwe lokuthumela ngaphandle.

**3. Incazelo Ye-Botanical kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:**

* **Uhlobo:** **I-Lingyun Baihao** (凌云白毫茶) — ngo-1985 yamukelwa yikhomishini kahulumeni yezinhlobo zezitshalo zezolimo eqenjini lokuqala lezinhlobo zetiye zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwegama le-Huacha No. 26 (华茶26号), inombolo GS13026-1985. Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, iqabunga lalolu hlobo lincane futhi lithambile, uboya obuningi kakhulu, amahlumela amakhulu.
* **Amabanga ahlukene ohlotsheni olulodwa.** Nge-Lingyun Baihao benza kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu — bheka isigaba 13. Nge-Baise Hongcha benza elibomvu ngalo.
* **Indinganiso yokukha nezikhathi:** Imininingwane ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.

**4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

Ngokwencazelo yenkomba:

* **Ukwakheka komhlaba:** Ushintsho olusuka e-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau luye emagqumeni ase-Lingnan. Maphakathi kunesigodi soMfula i-Youjiang, ezinhlangothini kunezintaba; eningizimu kugcwele izintaba ze-limestone, enyakatho — izintaba ezinomhlabathi othambile.
* **Ukuphakama kokutshala:** **600–1800 m**.
* **Izindawo zesimo sezulu:** Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon sihlukaniswe lapha izindawo ezintathu — isigodi esifudumele nesishisayo sase-Youjiang, izintaba ezifudumele ngokuphakathi enyakatho naseningizimu, kanye nezindawo eziphakeme ezipholile. Izingadi ikakhulukazi zisezindaweni ezifudumele ngokuphakathi.
* **Isimo sezulu sendawo efudumele ngokuphakathi:** Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka 18–20 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa izinsuku ezingama-340–350, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora angama-1400–1600 ngonyaka, imvula 1600–1700 mm. Ubusika bufudumele, umehluko wezinga lokushisa lobusuku nomini mkhulu.
* **Ihlathi nomswakama:** Ukumbozwa kwehlathi cishe 75 %, umswakama ophakathi wonyaka womoya 80 %, inkungu evamile.
* **Inhlabathi:** I-red soil e-pheni nasema-slate, inhlabathi ephuzi-ebomvu nephuzi, ukujula okungaphezu kwe-1 m, ikakhulukazi i-loam.

| Inkomba yenhlabathi | Inani |
| :--- | :--- |
| pH | 4,5–6,5 |
| Izinto eziphilayo | 20–35 g/kg |
| I-nitrogen ephelele | 0,6–1,0 g/kg |
| I-phosphorus ephelele | 0,35–0,80 g/kg |
| I-potassium ephelele | 8–15 g/kg |
| I-potassium etholakalayo | 40–80 mg/kg |

Incazelo yenkomba ithi inhlabathi inothile nge-selenium, kodwa ayizinikezi izinombolo.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe bubekwa yindinganiso yeqembu i-T/TEAGX 007-2024; umbhalo wayo angiwubonanga, ngakho angizinikezi amapharamitha. Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu le-gongfu, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo:

1.  **Ukubuna (萎凋, *wěidiāo*):** Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama futhi libe lithambile.
2.  **Ukusonga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Amaseli eqabunga ayaphuka, ijusi liphumela phezulu.
3.  **I-oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*):** Iqabunga liba bomvu, kwakheka ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin.
4.  **Ukumisa (干燥, *gānzào*):** I-oxidation iyamiswa, iqabunga liyomiswa.

Ngeminyaka yawo-1970–1980 isifunda, ngokwencazelo yenkomba, sasenza itiye elibomvu elisikiwe lokuthumela ngaphandle, kanti umklomelo ka-2001 unikezwe itiye elibomvu le-gongfu.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

Ngokwencazelo yenkomba:

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Imichilo eminyene, emikhulu, umbala omnyama ocwebezelayo, amathiphu esagolide abonakala kahle (色泽乌润，金毫显露，条索紧结肥壮).
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Incazelo ehlukile ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
* **Iphunga lokuphisa:** Limnandi, linephunga elicacile «loboya» (甜香，浓毫香显).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kunothile, kunamandla futhi kusha, kumnandi ngokuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (浓强鲜爽，甜醇回甘). Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuphiswa okuningi.
* **Umbala wokuphisa:** Obomvu ogqamile, ocacile (红艳明亮).
* **Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe):** Elibomvu, elicwebezelayo, elilinganayo (红亮匀整).

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Izindinganiso ze-physicochemical azitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele; izidingo zekhwalithi zibekwa yindinganiso yeqembu yango-2024, engingayibonanga. Incazelo yenkomba ithi itiye linothile nge-selenium nange-«zinto zangaphakathi» (内含物丰富), kodwa ayizinikezi izinombolo.

**8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomthelela waleli tiye ngqo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
* **Izitsha:** I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Ukushisisa izitsha.
    2. Ukubeka itiye.
    3. Ukuhlambulula ngokushesha iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uyawachitha.
    4. Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20 ku-gaiwan noma cishe umzuzu ku-teapot.
    5. Ukuthulula konke ukuphisa.
    6. Ukuphinda, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphisa.

**10. Ukugcina:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ephaketheni eliqinile, kude nephunga nomswakama.

**11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.

* **Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:**
    * Ukufuna uphawu lwenkomba yezolimo yendawo nokuhlola ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zivela endaweni — imizana eyi-118 yezifunda eziyishumi zesifunda sase-Baise.
    * Ukungadidanisi namagama ezinga lesifunda: i-Lingyun Baihao inokubhaliswa kwayo.
    * Iqabunga — imichilo emnyama eminyene enamathiphu esagolide, ukuphisa — okubomvu okugqamile.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* Ububanzi be-longitude bendawo — bungaphezu kwamadigri amathathu, kodwa kuvikelwe kuyo kuphela imizana eyi-118.
* Ngaphakathi kwendawo kunesifunda sase-Lingyun — indawo yokuzalwa kohlobo kanye negama elivikelwe elihlukile. Amagama avikela imikhiqizo ehlukene, awahlukanisi umhlaba.
* Izindinganiso zeqembu zegama zakhishelwa ngoMeyi 21, 2024, ngoSuku Lwetiye Lomhlaba, ephaketheni elilodwa nomthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe wokuphrosesa itiye elimnyama laseNtshonalanga Guangxi (桂西黑茶).

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye:**

* **I-Lingyun Hongcha ([凌云红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lingyun-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Lingyun kusuka ohlotsheni olufanayo; umkhiqizo wesifunda, kanti i-Baise Hongcha — igama lesifunda, lapho i-Lingyun ingena khona njengesinye sezifunda eziyishumi.
* **I-Lingyun Lücha ([凌云绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/lingyun-lucha)):** Itiye eliluhlaza kusuka ohlotsheni olufanayo — isibonelo sokuthi i-Lingyun Baihao ingena kanjani ezigabeni ezahlukene.
* **I-Zhaoping Hongcha ([昭平红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/zhaoping-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lempumalanga ye-Guangxi.
* **I-Qimen Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu elidume kakhulu e-China, elivela esifundazweni sase-Anhui.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Baise Hongcha — itiye elibomvu lesifunda lasentshonalanga ye-Guangxi: igama elilodwa phezu kwezifunda eziyishumi, imizana eyi-118 nokuphakama kusuka ku-600 kuye ku-1800 m, uhlobo olulodwa — i-Lingyun Baihao — nokubhaliswa kwango-2016. Imibhalo ikuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ezingeni lomhlaba — isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, izixhumanisi — futhi kancane ezingeni lenkomishi: imichilo emnyama eminyene enamathiphu esagolide, ukuphisa okubomvu okugqamile, ukubuya okumnandi. Izinombolo zekhwalithi — kusezingeni lika-2024.