---
title: "bǎiliǎng chá - shíliǎng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/bailiang-cha-shiliang-cha
lang: zu
updated: 2026-07-21
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# bǎiliǎng chá - shíliǎng chá (百两茶)

Umndeni wama-"flower rolls" i-huajuan ([花卷](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hua-juan), *huā juǎn*) — wuhlu lwezinsika ezicindezelwe ze-heicha ezivela esifundeni sase-Anhua, lapho isisindo, esithungelwe kugama ngokwalo, sakha izitebhisi ezisuka ku-Shiliang omncane ([十两茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/hua-juan), *shí liǎng chá*) kuya ku-qianliang-cha oyinganekwane ([千两茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qian-liang-cha), *qiān liǎng chá*). I-Bailiang (百两茶, *bǎi liǎng chá*) ne-Shiliang yizinyathelo ezincane, "zasekhaya" zobuchwepheshe obufanayo obwazala "inkosi yetiye".

**1. Ukwahlukaniswa Nomsuka:**

* **Uhlobo:** itiye elimnyama (i-heicha, 黑茶, *hēichá*).
* **Isigaba:** itiye elimnyama lase-Anhua ([安化黑茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anhua-heicha), *Ānhuà hēichá*), umndeni wama-"flower rolls" i-huajuan (花卷, *huā juǎn*).
* **Umsuka:** isifunda sase-Anhua, esifundazweni saseHunan.
* **Indawo emndenini:** I-Bailiang ne-Shiliang yizinyathelo ezincane, "zasekhaya" zobuchwepheshe obufanayo obwazala "inkosi yetiye" i-qianliang-cha; ami ku-eksisi efanayo neye-qianliang, ehluke kuyona ngosayizi nesisindo kuphela.
* **I-Canon yomkhiqizo:** ichazwa ngefomula ethi «三尖三砖一卷» (*sān jiān sān zhuān yī juǎn*) — "ama-spike amathathu, izitini ezintathu, umqulu owodwa". "Umqulu owodwa" (一卷) — lokhu yiwona mugqa we-huajuan, okungowawo izinsika zawo wonke ama-gauge esisindo.
* **Amazinga:** itiye elimnyama lase-Anhua lilawulwa njengesigaba esizimele se-heicha ohlelweni lwamazinga kazwelonke e-PRC.

Izitebhisi zesisindo zakhiwe ngendlela ezungeze isilinganiso esidala sesisindo i-liang (两, *liǎng*); izinga lomugqa yi-qianliang, insika enesisindo esingaba ngu-36,25 kg nobude obucishe bube ngu-1,65 m:

* I-Shiliang (十两茶, *shí liǎng chá*) — "i-liang eziyishumi", ifomethi encane kunazo zonke;
* I-Bailiang (百两茶, *bǎi liǎng chá*) — "i-liang eziyikhulu";
* I-Wubailiang (五百两, *wǔ bǎi liǎng*) — "i-liang ezingamakhulu amahlanu";
* I-Qianliang (千两, *qiān liǎng*) — "i-liang eziyinkulungwane", insika eyizinga;
* I-Wanliang (万两, *wàn liǎng*) — "i-liang eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi", inkulu kunazo zonke.

Njengoba isisindo sibekwe ngenani lama-liang amadala, i-Bailiang ne-Shiliang zilula ngokulinganayo kune-qianliang — lokhu akuseyona insika "yasebukhosini" enkulu, kodwa izinsika ezihlangene zefomethi yasendlini neyesipho.

**2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:**

* Umugqa we-huajuan wazalwa ngenxa yesidingo sezohwebo.
* I-Bailiang njengefomu libhalwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Daoguang (清道光, *Qīng Dàoguāng*) wobukhosi bakwa-Qing; lihlotshaniswa nabathengisi baseShaanxi (陕商, *shǎn shāng*), ababedinga itiye elijwayelekile, elipakishwe ngokuqinile futhi elimelana nokuthuthwa emizileni yamakharavani.
* Ubukhona obuhlanganisiwe benza i-Bailiang yaba yimpahla ekahle yokuhweba amabanga amade.
* Kusukela kulesi sidingo sezohwebo kamuva kwakhula ama-gauge amakhulu kuze kufike ku-qianliang — insika eyabizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yetiye yomhlaba" (世界茶王, *shìjiè cháwáng*).
* Ubuchwepheshe bokunyathela izinsika buwumsebenzi onzima, futhi enkathini yezimboni, ingxenye yomkhiqizo yathathelwa indawo yi-huazhuan ([花砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/huazhuan), *huā zhuān*) — "isitini esinamaphethini" esinomhlobiso emaphethelweni, ukukhiqizwa kwaso okwaqala ngo-1958 kwaba indawo ehlangene ye-qianliang enkulu.
* Imiqulu uqobo yasinda njengesiko eliphilayo lobungcweti nelokuqoqwa, futhi izitebhisi zesisindo ezisuka ku-Shiliang kuya ku-Wanliang zihlala ziwuphawu lwalo olwaziwayo.
* Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-qianliang-cha bafakwa ohlwini lwamagugu esizwe angaphatheki (国家级非物质文化遗产, *guójiājí fēi wùzhì wénhuà yíchǎn*) ngo-2008. I-Bailiang ne-Shiliang, ezenziwe ngendlela efanayo ye-caizhi, zizuza njengefa lobu bugcweti ngezinga elincane.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Izinto zokusetshenziswa:** i-maocha emnyama (黑毛茶, *hēi máochá*) esezingeni lesibili nelesithathu (二-三级).
* **Isimo sezinto zokusetshenziswa:** ukugaywa okumaphakathi okumahhadlahhadla, okunamaqabunga avuthiwe neziqu — yikhona lokhu okunikeza "imiqulu" ukuminyana, isakhiwo kanye namandla okukhula okuphindaphindiwe iminyaka eminingi.
* **Ukusatshalaliswa kwezigaba:** amabanga athambile e-maocha aya ematiyeni "a-spike" ochungechungeni lwe-sanjian (三尖, *sān jiān*) — i-tianjian (天尖, *tiān jiān*) ne-gongjian (贡尖, *gòng jiān*); kanti ezinsikeni, okubalulekile umthamo, ukuqina kwesisindo esicindezelwe kanye nekhono lokuvuthwa ngokulinganayo emashumini eminyaka.

**4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:**

* Indawo enezintaba enesimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama, nenkungu kanye nenhlabathi ecebile ngamatshe agugile.
* Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kukhula izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinamahlamvu amakhulu, ezimahhadlahhadla, ezilungele ukuvutshelwa isikhathi eside nokuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

* **Isiginesha yezobuchwepheshe:** i-caizhi (踩制, *cǎi zhì*) — ukunyathela ngesandla ngaphakathi nokuqiniswa kwetiye libe yisilinda esiminyene. I-Bailiang ne-Shiliang zenziwa ngendlela efanayo neye-qianliang, kuphela ngezinga elincane.
* Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi:
    1. I-Qizheng (汽蒸, *qì zhēng*) — ukufuthwa kwe-maocha ngesitimu, ukuze iqabunga lithambe futhi libe lula ukulolonga.
    2. I-Zhuanglou (装篓, *zhuāng lǒu*) — ukugxishwa kwetiye elishisisiwe esikhwameni soqalo esilukiwe se-mielou (篾篓, *miè lǒu*). "Ingubo" yangaphakathi yensika inezingqimba eziningi: i-palm fiber (棕, *zōng*) namaqabunga e-knotweed (蓼叶, *liǎo yè*) kwendlalelwa ngaphakathi kwesembozo soqalo, kwakha "ihembe" lomqulu elijwayelekile.
    3. I-Guncaiyajiaochui (滚踩压绞锤, *gǔn cǎi yā jiǎo chuí*) — ukugingqa, ukunyathela ngezinyawo, ukucindezela nokuqiniswa nge-lever "isando"; ithimba lezingcweti liyaqgingqa futhi liqinise insika, lifinyelela ukuminyana okukhulu.
    4. I-Rishai-yelu (日晒夜露, *rì shài yè lù*) — "emini elangeni, ebusuku emazolweni": izinsika eziqediwe zigcinwa ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile izinsuku ezingaba ngu-50, lapho ukushintshana kokushisa nomswakama kuqala ukuguqulwa okuhamba kancane kwe-microbial ne-fermentative ngaphakathi kwesisindo esicindezelwe.
* Isigaba "selanga namazolo" — sibalulekile: sihlukanisa i-huajuan ezitini zochungechunge lwe-sanzhuan (三砖, *sān zhuān*), ezomiswa emakamelweni ngezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo. Ukuvuthwa okungokwemvelo ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka kuyikhona okunikeza izinsika ukujula kwazo okukhethekile.

**6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:**

* Imiqulu ingeyesitayela esithi "indala, iba nephunga elimnandi kakhulu" (越陈越香, *yuè chén yuè xiāng*).
* Itiye elincane lisalokhu linothi lokhuni olumahhadlahhadla, kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka lithola ukuthamba.
* Ukuthelelwa kuba yinhlaka emnyama ngokunsundu, kuminyene, kunephunga le-"dala" elivuthiwe (陈香, *chén xiāng*), i-aftertaste emnandi futhi icishe ingabi nabukhali.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

* Njengoba isisindo sigxishwe saya ekumineni okuyitshe, ngaphambi kokuphisa itiye, i-disk eyisicaba iyasaha noma ichekelwe kunsika, bese yephulwa ibe izicucu ezincane.
* Ku-Bailiang ne-Shiliang, amadiski awo mancane kunawase-qianliang, lokhu kulula kunokusebenza nensika enesisindo esingu-36 kg.
* Itiye livuleka kahle ngokuthelwa okuphindaphindiwe ku-gaiwan noma endishini yetiye, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa eziminyene nezimahhadlahhadla zemiqulu evuthiwe zilungele nokuphekwa.

**11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:**

* **Ifomu nesembozo:** i-huajuan yangempela iyinsika eyisilinda esesikhwameni soqalo esilukiwe esinendlela yangaphakathi ye-palm fiber namaqabunga e-knotweed; ububanzi nobude buhambelana ngokuqondile negama lesisindo.
* **I-gauge ngokumelene negama:** ingxenye yezinombolo yegama iyisisindo ngama-liang amadala: i-Shiliang incane, i-Bailiang inkulu, i-qianliang iyizinga elingaba ngu-~36 kg no-~1,65 m. Ukungahambisani kosayizi negama elibangiwe kuwuphawu oluyisixwayiso.
* **Imikhondo ye-caizhi:** insika enyathelwe ngaphakathi iminyene ngokwedlulele; lapho ihlukene, isakhiwo esiqinile, esinezingqimba seqabunga elimahhadlahhadla elicindezelwe elineziqu zekilasi lesibili nelesithathu siyabonakala.
* **Iphunga lokuvuthwa:** umqulu ovuthiwe ukhipha i-chen xiang ehlanzekile ngaphandle kwephunga lokukhunta; okuthelwe kuphuzi, kunsundu ngokumnyama, kunencasa emnandi ehlala isikhathi eside.
* **Umehluko ezitini:** ngokungafani ne-fuzhuan (茯砖, *fú zhuān*) imiqulu ayinalo "imbali yegolide" (金花, *jīn huā*) njengesiginesha eyimpoqo, futhi ihluke ku-heizhuan ([黑砖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/heizhuan-cha), *hēi zhuān*) ne-huazhuan ngokuyisisekelo ngesimo esiyisilinda kanye nesigaba "selanga namazolo" ekukhiqizweni.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-Bailiang ne-Shiliang — yifilosofi efanayo yomqulu wase-Anhua njengeye-qianliang edumile, kodwa ngezinga lomuntu: zihlangene ngokwanele ukuhlala ekhaya, futhi zihlonipheke ngokwanele ukuvuthwa iminyaka eminingi.