---
title: "Anhua Songzhen; isinaliti likaphayini lase-Anhua"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/anhua-song-zhen
lang: zu
updated: 2026-04-08
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Anhua Songzhen; isinaliti likaphayini lase-Anhua (安化松针, Ānhuà sōng zhēn)

Anhua Songzhen; isinaliti likaphayini lase-Anhua (安化松针, Ānhuà sōng zhēn — "Isinaliti Likaphayini Lase-Anhua") yitiya eluhlaza elidumile laseHunan, eliyingxenye ye-"Zinhlithi Ezintathu Ezidumile ZaseShayina" (中国三针, Zhōngguó Sānzhēn) kanye ne-Nanjing Yuhua Cha kanye ne-Enshi Yulu. Idalwe ngo-1959 — njengomfowabo waseHunan u-Gaoqiao Yin Feng — 'njengesipho seminyaka eyishumi ye-PRC'. Itiye lidunyiswa ngesimo salo esimsulwa esifana nenalithi: amahlumela amancane, aqondile, azacile, akhumbuza izinaliti zikaphayini wasezintabeni, ame mpo engilazini, akha "ihlathi likaphayini" elincane. Isigaba sokubunjwa — ukugingqwa ngesandla komhlumela ngamunye okwemizuzu engama-40 ngokwezinga elithi "yindilinga, iminyene, iqondile" (圆、紧、直) — sinzima kangangokuthi izingcweti zisibiza ngokuthi "ubuciko bokulwa obungenakuqhathaniswa" (绝世武功, juéshì wǔgōng).

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (elingabilisiwe). Liyingxenye yamatiye aluhlaza akhethekile agazingiweyo (特种炒青绿茶, tèzhǒng chǎoqīng lǜchá) anesimo senalithi (针形茶, zhēnxíng chá). Liyisibonelo esihle sokubunjwa kwesimo senalithi phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.

* **Isigaba:** Enye ye-"Zinhlithi Ezintathu Ezidumile ZaseShayina" (中国三针). Enye "Yamatiye Amathathu Amakhulu AseHunan" (湖南省三大名茶, ngo-1962). Iwine izindondo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa indondo yegolide eMbonini Wamazwe Ngamazwe Yase-Ulaanbaatar (乌兰巴托国际博览会金奖). Ngo-2021 ubuchwepheshe bafakwa kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki esifundazweni saseHunan.

* **Imvelaphi:** IShayina, isifundazwe saseHunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sase-Anhua (安化县, Ānhuà Xiàn). Umnyombo we-terroir yintaba i-**Yuntaishan (云台山, Yúntái Shān)** — inkaba yezintaba endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-500, ehlale isongwe amafu. Kulapha eYuntaishan lapho kunesiteshi setiye saseBaojiachong (褒家冲茶场, Bāojiāchōng Cháchǎng) — indawo okwadalwa kuyo i-Anhua Songzhen.

* **Izixhumanisi zomhlaba:** Cishe 28°23′ enyakatho, 111°13′ empumalanga.

**2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:**

* **Umlando:** Isifunda sase-Anhua singesinye sezifunda ezindala kakhulu zokulima itiye eHunan ezinomlando ohlehlela emuva enkathini yeThang. Emithonjeni yamaThang kukhulunywa "ngezingcezu Ezacile zaseQujiang" (渠江薄片, Qújiāng Bópián) — itiye lakuqala lase-Anhua. Enkathini yeSong, itiye lase-Anhua lafakwa ohlwini lwezipho zombusi (贡茶).
	I-Anhua Songzhen yesimanje yadalwa ngo-**1959** esiteshini setiye saseBaojiachong esifundeni sase-Anhua — njengesipho sesikhumbuzo seminyaka eyishumi ye-PRC. Ososayensi betiye basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko betiye lentela njengesisekelo futhi bakha indlela yasekuqaleni yokubunjwa kwesimo senalithi ngesandla okwemizuzu engama-40. Ngo-1962 ubuchwepheshe bamiselwa ngokugcwele, futhi itiye laqashelwa njengelinye la-“Matiye Amathathu Amakhulu AseHunan” — kanye ne-Junshan Yinzhen kanye ne-Gaoqiao Yin Feng.
	Okulandelayo — ukuqashelwa komhlaba wonke: indondo yegolide eMbonini Wamazwe Ngamazwe Yase-Ulaanbaatar kanye nezindondo eziningi zangaphakathi. Ngo-2021 — ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki eHunan.

* **Igama:**
	* “Ānhuà” (安化) — igama lesifunda. Ngokwezwi nezwi: "Ukuthula nokuguqulwa."
	* “Sōng” (松) — "uphayini": ichaza isimo seqabunga letiye, esifana nesinaliti sikaphayini.
	* “Zhēn” (针) — "inaliti": igcizelela ubuncane, ukuqonda, nokuba nesiqongo esicijile komhlumela.

* **Ukubaluleka kwesiko:** I-Anhua yisifunda esanikeza umhlaba izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zetiye: i-**Anhua Heicha ([安化黑茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/anhua-heicha), “itiye elimnyama lase-Anhua”)** elidumile — olunye lwezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezinkulu zetiye laseShayina — kanye ne-Anhua Songzhen — isibonelo setiye eliluhlaza elinjengenalithi. Amatiye amabili avela esifundeni esisodwa, izigxobo ezimbili zomhlaba wetiye — ukusuka kokumnyama okubilisiwe kuye kokuluhlaza okuthambile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Anhua isebenzisa uhlelo **"lokutshalwa ndawonye kwetiye nezithelo" (茶果间作)** — ukutshalwa kwetiye ndawonye nezihlahla zezithelo (i-loquat, i-wax myrtle) — okufana nohlelo oludumile lwase-Dongtingshan lwe-Biluochun.

**3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:**

* **Izinhlobo / I-cultivar:** Izinhlobo ezimbili:
	* **Anhua Quntizhong (安化[群体种](https://thetea.app/zu/article/qunti-zhong))** — uhlobo lwendabuko lwasendaweni lwe-*Camellia sinensis* var. *sinensis*. Iqabunga — linamanzi, "linamandla aphezulu okugcina ubumnene" (叶质肥厚持嫩性强). Linikeza ukunambitheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunezingqimba eziningi.
	* **Xiangbolü (湘波绿, Xiāngbōlǜ)** kanye **Baihao Zao (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo)** — izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe, ezikhethwe esizindeni sezitshalo sase-Yuntaishan. Ukuqala kokuphila ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid.

* **Ukuvunwa:** Ngaphambi nje komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, ~5 Ephreli). Izinga — **iqhuma elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka** (一芽一叶初展). Okulahliwe: amaqabunga onakaliswe izinambuzane, amahlumela ansomi, amaqabunga anamazolo (露水叶). Impahla eluhlaza entsha, ethambile, emsulwa kuphela.

* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Ziphakeme ngokwedlulele — izinga elithi "无虫伤叶、紫叶、露水叶" (akukho monakalo wezinambuzane, ubunsomi, namazolo). Ukucutshungulwa — ngosuku lokuvuna.

**4. I-Terrorir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:**

* **Indawo:** Umgwaqo osenyakatho we-Xuefengshan (雪峰山脉, Xuěfēng Shānmài). Indawo yezintaba enezihosha ezijulile nemifudlana eminingi.

* **Isimo sezulu:** I-monsoon ephakathi ne-subtropical. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile — 16.2°C, imvula yonyaka — 1682 mm. Amafu amaningi, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku.

* **Ukuphakama kwendawo:** Ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umnyombo — intaba i-Yuntaishan, ehlale isongwe amafu (igama lisuka lapha: 云台 — "ipulatifomu yamafu").

* **Inhlabathi:** Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi (红壤、黄壤), ethuthuke emadwaleni e-slate (板页岩风化), enothe nge-phosphorus ne-selenium. I-asidi — elinganiselayo. Iphrofayili ejulile, ukungena kwamanzi okuhle.

* **Uhlelo lwe-intercropping (茶果间作):** Njengase-Dongtingshan (ikhaya le-Biluochun), izihlahla zetiye e-Anhua ngokomlando zitshalwe zixubene nezihlahla zezithelo — i-loquat (枇杷) ne-wax myrtle (杨梅). Izihlahla zetiye zimunca izinto ezinuka kamnandi ezivela ezimbalini nasezithelweni, zakha "iphunga lemvelo lezimbali nezithelo" (天然花果香韵).

**5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:**

Ubuchwepheshe be-Anhua Songzhen — izigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye, nokubunjwa ngesandla okubalulekile okwemizuzu engama-40. Lobu bungobunye bobuchwepheshe obunzima kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.

* **Ukunabisa (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng):** Ukunabisa isikhashana ukuze kunciphe amanzi.

* **Ukulungisa (杀青 — shāqīng):** Ekhasini lensimbi ekushiseni okungu-140°C noma esigubhungeni. Ukumisa ngokushesha kwe-oxidation.

* **Ukugingqa (揉捻 — róuniǎn):** Izigaba ezintathu — "kancane → kakhulu → kancane" (轻-重-轻).

* **Ukugazinga okuphakathi (炒坯 — chǎopēi):** Kuma-70–80°C — ukuhwamuka komswakama kanye nokuqala kokwakheka kwephunga elimnandi.

* **Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng):** Ukupholisa okumaphakathi nokusabalalisa kabusha komswakama.

* **Ukubunjwa — "ubuciko bokulwa obungenakuqhathaniswa" (整形 — zhěngxíng):** **Isigaba esibalulekile futhi esinzima kakhulu.** Kuma-50–70°C ingcweti ngesandla **emizuzwini engama-40** iginqika umhlumela ngamunye, iwunikeza isimo esihle ngokwezinga elithi **"圆、紧、直" — "yindilinga (engxenyeni), iminyene, iqondile."** Lesi sigaba saqanjwa izingcweti ngokuthi "绝世武功" — "ubuciko bokulwa obungenakuqhathaniswa," njengoba sidinga ukunemba okuphelele: ukucindezela ngamandla kakhulu kwephula umhlumela, ukucindezela buthaka kakhulu akunikezi isimo esiqondile; ukushisa ngokweqile — kubulala iphunga elimnandi, ukungashisi ngokwanele — kushiya umswakama.

* **Ukomisa (干燥 — gānzào):** Ukomisa kancane ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngokuholela ekushiseni, kuma-**35–40°C** — elinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu okomisa kokugcina phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Ukuhamba kancane — yisihluthulelo sephunga elimnandi elijulile nelihlala isikhathi eside.

* **Ukuhlunga nokuhlukanisa (筛拣 — shāijiǎn):** Ukuhlunga kokugcina, ukususa amahlumela angafanele.

**6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:**

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Amahlumela aqondile, azacile, ahlelekile, ngokwesimo — "izinaliti zikaphayini" eziphelele (细直挺秀似松针). Ubude — bulinganayo. "Ubude, ukuqonda, indilinga, ukubushelelezi, ukuminyana, nokuzacile" (长直圆浑紧细, cháng zhí yuán hún jǐn xì) — ifomula ephelele yesimo. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani obumunyu, ongaguquki (翠绿匀整). Ubulembu obusiliva — bubonakala (白毫显露).

* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elihlala isikhathi eside (清香高雅持久). Inothi le-castnut (栗香) — lakheka esigabeni sokugazinga okuphakathi. Iphunga elithambile lamahlumela amancane (嫩香). Iphunga lesimbali nesithelo — kungenxa yohlelo lwe-intercropping nezihlahla zezithelo.

* **Iphunga lomunyu:** Elihlanzekile, elinephunga elimnandi (香气馥郁, xiāngqì fùyù). Iphrofayili ye-castnut nentsha. Ihleli isikhathi eside.

* **Ukunambitheka:** Okusha nokunamanzi (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng) — okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. Okumnandi nokuthambile (甜醇, tiánchún) — ubumnandi obubuya ngemuva okusobala (回甘明显). Okuminyene (醇厚) — ingxube yangaphakathi enothile. Ifomula yokunambitha eyisici: **ukubaba kokuqala okuncane (微苦) kuguquka ngokushesha kube ubumnandi (迅速转甘甜)** — okunye "kokushintsha" okushesha kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.

* **Umbala womunyu:** Uluhlaza ngobumnene, uhlanzekile, ukhanya futhi uyabonakala (嫩绿透亮).

* **Umphumela obonakalayo ngesikhathi sokwenza itiye:** Lapho kuthululwa amanzi engilazini, amahlumela ehla kancane futhi **ame mpo**, akhe "ihlathi likaphayini" elincane — omunye wemiphumela ebukekayo kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye anjengenalithi.

* **Izinsalela zetiye:** Amahlumela athambile, azacile, aphilayo anombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Iqabunga liphelele, akukho monakalo.

**7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:**

Imvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme, isimo sezulu esincane samafu, inhlabathi ye-slate ene-selenium, nohlelo lwe-intercropping kwakha iphrofayili eyisici:

* **I-Polyphenols (catechins):** Okuqukethwe okukhulu. Kunikeza amandla e-antioxidant kanye nesakhiwo sokunambitheka.
* **Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganisa i-L-theanine):** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — kungenxa yezintaba eziphakeme nokukhanya okuningi okuhlakazekile. Kunikeza ubusha kanye nobumnandi obusheshayo obubuya ngemuva.
* **Ama-alkaloid:** I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okulinganiselayo. I-theobromine, i-theophylline.
* **I-Carotenoids ne-vitamin A:** Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — kunikeza ukusekela kwamehlo (明目).
* **Amavithamini:** I-Vitamin C, amavithamini B, i-vitamin A.
* **Amaminerali:** I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-selenium, i-manganese.

**8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:**

* **Umphumela wokupholisa (清热消暑):** Ngokwesiko unconywa ngesikhathi esishisayo.
* **Umphumela we-antioxidant:** Ama-catechin anciphisa ama-radical akhululekile.
* **Ukulawulwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid (降脂减肥):** Ama-catechin asheshisa ukugaya amafutha emzimbeni.
* **Ukusekela kwamehlo (明目):** Inothe nge-carotenoids ne-vitamin A.
* **Umphumela wokuvuselela:** I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
* **Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla:** Ama-polyphenol avuselela ama-enzyme.

* **Okubalulekile:** lezi zincomo zisekelwe emininingwaneni etholakala esidlangalaleni futhi akuzona izeluleko zezokwelapha.

**9. Ukwenza Itiye:**

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85°C.

* **Inani letiye:** Amagremu ama-3 ku-150 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).

* **Izitsha:** Ingilazi yengilazi — **kungukukhetha okuphoqelekile** ukuze kubukwe "ihlathi likaphayini": izinaliti ezime mpo — umbukiso omkhulu obonakalayo waleli tiye.

* **Inqubo:**
	1. Fudumeza ingilazi, ulahle amanzi.
	2. Thela itiye.
	3. Thela amanzi kufike ku-1/3 wevolumu, nyakazisa ingilazi — "vula iphunga elimnandi" (摇香润茶).
	4. Faka amanzi aze afike ku-7/10. Misele eceleni imizuzu eyi-1-2.
	5. Ukwenza kabusha okulandelayo — yandisa ngesekhondi eli-1-2. Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokwenziwa izikhathi ezi-3-4.

* **Qaphela:** thela amanzi **ngasodongeni lwengilazi** (沿杯壁缓流), hhayi ngqo etiyeni — uma kungenjalo izinaliti "ziyalala" futhi ngeke zime mpo. Buka ukuthi amahlumela ehla kancane futhi eyoma "njengehlathi likaphayini" — lo mbukiso ufanele ukulinda imizuzu embalwa.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

* Gcina esitsheni esivalekile, endaweni emnyama nepholile.
* Okuncomekayo — esiqandisini kuma-0–5°C.
* Isikhathi sokugcina — esifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12.
* Ngemva kokuvula — phuza phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1-2.

**11. Intengo Kanye Namanyela:**

I-Anhua Songzhen — itiye elinomkhiqizo olinganiselwe: umnyombo — yisiteshi setiye saseBaojiachong kanye nentaba i-Yuntaishan. Amagreyidi amathathu (特级, 一级, 二级).

* **Ukugwema amanyela:**
	* **Thenga kubadayisi abathembekile,** okuncanyelwa umkhiqizo wasesiteshini setiye saseBaojiachong (褒家冲茶场) noma uphawu "三十九铺" (Sanshijiu Pu).
	* **Hlola isimo:** "izinaliti" eziqondile eziphelele — "ezinde, eziqondile, eziyindilinga, ezibushelelezi." Amahlumela agobile, aphukile, noma angalingani — uphawu lomgunyathi.
	* **Hlola "ihlathi likaphayini":** lapho kwenziwa itiye engilazini yengilazi izinaliti kufanele zime mpo.
	* **Hlola iphunga:** elihlanzekile, eline-castnut nntsha, nezwakaliso lezimbali nezithelo.
	* **Naka intengo:** ephansi ngokusolisayo — uphawu lomgunyathi.

**12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:**

* I-Anhua Songzhen — enye "yeZinhlithi Ezintathu Ezidumile ZaseShayina" (中国三针): i-Nanjing Yuhua Cha (eyaseNanjing), i-Enshi Yulu (eyaseHubei) kanye ne-Anhua Songzhen (eyaseHunan). "Izinaliti" ezintathu — izifundazwe ezintathu, ama-terroir amathathu ahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthathu obuhluke ngokuphelele (ukugazinga, ukubila ngesitimu kanye nokushisa kancane).

* Ukubunjwa ngesandla okwemizuzu engama-40 — "绝世武功" ("ubuciko bokulwa obungenakuqhathaniswa") — esinye sezigaba ezinde kakhulu zokubunjwa ngesandla phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Uma kuqhathaniswa: ukugingqwa kwe-Longjing kuthatha ~imizuzu eyi-10, kanti ukubunjwa kwe-Biluochun kuthatha ~imizuzu eyi-15.

* Isifunda sase-Anhua sinikeze umhlaba izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zetiye: i-Anhua Heicha (安化黑茶, "itiye elimnyama" — olunye lwezinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo zetiye laseShayina) kanye ne-Anhua Songzhen (eliluhlaza). Izigxobo ezimbili ze-terroir eyodwa — ukusuka ekubiliseni iminyaka eminingi kuye kubusha obusheshayo.

* Uhlelo "茶果间作" (i-intercropping yetiye nezithelo) — ukutshalwa kwetiye ndawonye ne-loquat ne-wax myrtle — kufana nohlelo oludumile lwase-Dongtingshan lwe-Biluochun. I-Anhua ingesinye sezifunda ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwe-Jiangsu ezisebenzisa le ndlela.

* Ukomisa kuma-35–40°C — elinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu okomisa kokugcina phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Uma kuqhathaniswa: amatiye amaningi omiswa kuma-60–80°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngokwedlulele lilondoloza kakhulu ama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.

**13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza "anjengenalithi":**

* **Nanjing Yuhua Cha ([南京雨花茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/nanjing-yuhua-cha)):** Evela eNanjing. Futhi "iyinaliti," futhi ingeyakwa-"Zinhlithi Ezintathu Ezidumile." I-Yuhua — inesimbali ngokwengeziwe, inophawu "lenguquko"; i-Songzhen — ine-castnut nesithelo ngokwengeziwe, inomfanekiso "kaphayini."

* **Enshi Yulu ([恩施玉露](https://thetea.app/zu/article/enshi-yulu)):** Evela eHubei. Futhi "iyinaliti," futhi ingeyakwa-"Zinhlithi Ezintathu Ezidumile." I-Yulu — ibiliswe ngesitimu (蒸青), inesici "saseJapan"; i-Songzhen — igazingiwe (炒青), inenothi le-castnut laseHunan.

* **Gaoqiao Yin Feng ([高桥银峰](https://thetea.app/zu/article/gaoqiao-yin-feng)):** Uzakwabo waseHunan. Futhi wango-1959, futhi "uyisipho seminyaka eyishumi." I-Yin Feng — "inesiliva" kakhudlwana futhi igingqiwe; i-Songzhen — "inophayini" kakhudlwana futhi iqondile.

* **Xinyang Maojian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Evela eHenan. Futhi injengenalithi, futhi ine-castnut. I-Xinyang — iminyene kakhudlwana futhi "isenyakatho," ngobuchule "be-woko ekabili"; i-Songzhen — izacile kakhudlwana, ngokubunjwa ngesandla okwemizuzu engama-40 kanye nezwakaliso lezithelo.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Anhua Songzhen — itiye lapho isimo sibe wubuciko. Imizuzu engamashumi amane yokugingqwa ngesandla okungapheli, "ubuciko bokulwa obungenakuqhathaniswa" bengcweti, eguqula umhlumela othambile wasentwasahlobo ube "yisinaliti sikaphayini" esimsulwa, — kanye nomphumela: izinaliti ezincane eziluhlaza, ezime mpo engilazini yengilazi, kuhle kwehlathi lasezintabeni elincane esiqongweni samafu sase-Yuntaishan. Iphunga elimnandi le-castnut nesithelo (ifa le-intercropping ne-loquat), ukuguquka okusheshayo ukusuka ekubabeni okuncane kuye kubumnandi obuthambile kanye "nezinaliti ezintathu ezidumile" epasipoti — konke lokhu kwenza i-Anhua Songzhen ibe itiye elihle kakhulu kulabo abazisa ukuphelela okubonakalayo ngokungaphansi kokunambithisayo, — futhi abazimisele ukubuka "ihlathi likaphayini" engilazini, ngaphambi kokuphuza isiphunga sokuqala.