---
title: "Āndǐng yúnwù"
url: https://thetea.app/zu/article/anding-yunwu
lang: zu
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Āndǐng yúnwù (安顶云雾)

**Anding Yunwu** (*Āndǐng yúnwù*, 安顶云雾) — itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni i-Andingshan (安顶山) esigodini sase-Lishan (里山镇) esifundeni sase-Fuyang (富阳区) edolobheni lase-Hangzhou, esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Intaba imi ogwini oluseningizimu lomfula i-Fuchunjiang, futhi, ngokwesifunda, amafu nenkungu kuhlala kuyo izinsuku ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ngonyaka — yingakho kuthiwa "yunwu", "amafu nenkungu" egameni. Amaphephandaba esifundazwe athi itiye laliwumnikelo ngezikhathi ze-Ming ne-Qing, isifunda sithi lingelinye lamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Hangzhou, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga kwalo idolobha i-Hangzhou labufaka ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki. Kusukela ngo-2016 igama livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.

**1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:**

* **Uhlobo:** Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Angizange ngilibone idokhumenti lophawu elibonisa isigaba. Isigaba sibonakala ngobuchwepheshe kanye nemiklomelo: kubuchwepheshe bendabuko kunezinqamulelo ezintathu (杀青, *shāqīng*), ukugazinga ngomshini kwenziwa emgqeni wetiye eliyisicaba, futhi imiklomelo itiye laliyithola emibukisweni yetiye eliluhlaza yase-Zhejiang. Incazelo edumile ithi ngqo itiye eliluhlaza.
* **Isigaba:** Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni elinomlando eliseduze ne-Hangzhou; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2016).
* **Imvelaphi:** I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), idolobha i-Hangzhou (杭州, *Hángzhōu*), isifunda sase-Fuyang (富阳, *Fùyáng*), isigodi sase-Lishan, idolobhana lase-Anding (安顶村), eliqanjwe ngentaba.
* **Indawo:** Isisekelo sezifundazwe sezimpawu sibonisa isifunda sase-Fuyang njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu; lokhu akusona isiqiniseko somthetho sendawo, angizange ngisihlole.
* **Izixhumanisi zendawo:** Isifunda sase-Fuyang — cishe 30,05° enyakatho kanye no-119,95° empumalanga.

**2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:**

* **Umlando:**
    * **Inganekwane.** Amaphephandaba esifundazwe (2020) abhala "ngetiye lomnikelo le-Ming ne-Qing" kanye "namahlumela amadala ayishumi nesishiyagalombili agunyazwe yinkantolo" (十八蓬御定[老丛](https://thetea.app/zu/article/laocong)). Incazelo edumile yengeza ukuthi isimo somnikelo itiye lasinikezwa, ngokwenganekwane, umbusi wokuqala we-Ming u-Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋). Imibhalo ngomnikelo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele; isifunda emilayezweni yaso sigcina ngefomula ethi "itiye lomnikelo leminyaka eyinkulungwane" (千年贡品茶).
    * **1986.** Ngokwencazelo edumile, i-Anding Yunwu yaqashelwa njengetiye elidumile lesifundazwe lezinga lokuqala; isifunda sithi "itiye elihle lesifundazwe sase-Zhejiang lezinga lokuqala" (浙江省一类优质名茶).
    * **Amagugu angaphatheki.** Ngokombiko wamaphephandaba esifundazwe, ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga i-Anding Yunwu (安顶云雾茶炒制技艺) bufakwe uhulumeni wase-Hangzhou ohlwini lwedolobha lwamagugu angaphatheki. Unyaka awukho embhalweni otholakele.
    * **2014–2016 — uphawu.** Isicelo sathunyelwa mhla zingama-29 kuMandulo 2014, ukuvunywa kwangaphambilini — mhla zingama-20 kuLwezi 2015, ukubhaliswa — mhla zingama-21 kuNhlolanja 2016.
    * **2022.** Ngokombiko wephephandaba lezolimo, ngaphezu kwe-350 mu yezingadi maphakathi nentaba zaqoqwa zaba ngesandla esisodwa, ngokuqoqa okufanayo, ukugazinga nokudayisa okufanayo.
    * **2024.** Ngokombiko wesifunda, i-Anding yangena eqenjini lokuqala "lezindawo eziyishumi zenhloko-dolobha yetiye" yase-Hangzhou (茶都十景).
* **Igama:** "Anding" (安顶) — igama lentaba nedolobhana; "yunwu" (云雾) — "amafu nenkungu".
* **Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:** Itiye elinegama lomlando lesifunda sase-Fuyang. Isifunda sithi lingelinye "lamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Hangzhou" (杭州十大名茶); uhlu uqobo lwalo alukho emithonjeni etholakele.

**3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:**

* **Uhlobo / Cultivar:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Ukuqoqa:** Ngokwesifunda, ukuqoqa entabeni kuqala sekwephuzile uma kuqhathaniswa (采摘期相对较晚), futhi ngenxa yokuqoqa kwakamuva nephunga eliqinile itiye libizwa "ngephunga lakamuva" (晚来香). Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu setiye elisha, ngokwawo lombiko, sisuka e-Qingming siye e-Guyu, okungukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kuya emashumini amabili ka-Apreli.
* **Indinganiso yokuqoqa:** Indinganiso eqondile emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. I-athikili kumagazini wangaphandle we-People's Daily (2023) ichaza ukuqoqa ngesandla: umqoqi uphakamisa ihlumela elincane futhi akalincinzi ngozipho.
* **Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

**4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala:**

* **Isifunda:** Ugu oluseningizimu lomfula i-Fuchunjiang (富春江) esifundeni sase-Fuyang. Incazelo edumile ithi intaba ingeyamagquma ohlangothini lwe-Xianxialing (仙霞岭).
* **Ukuphakama kokukhula:** Izinombolo ziyehluka. Amaphephandaba esifundazwe (2020) anika intaba u-790 m; umbiko wesifunda (2025) — ukuphakama okuphakathi kwentaba okungu-650 m nokuphakama okuphakathi kwezingadi zengxenye emaphakathi "okungaphezu kwe-700 m"; iphephandaba lezolimo (2022) — "okungaphezu kwe-700 m" ngedolobhana i-Anding. Incazelo edumile isho embhalweni owodwa kokubili u-790 m kanye "nokungaphezu kwe-900 m".
* **Isimo sezulu:** Ngokwamaphephandaba esifundazwe, imvula ingaphezu kwe-1500 mm ngonyaka, umehluko wezinga lokushisa losuku — cishe u-15 °C, amafu ahlala entabeni unyaka wonke. Isifunda nephephandaba zisho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili zamafu nenkungu ngonyaka.
* **Inhlabathi:** Ngokwesifunda, kuvame ubumba oluphuzi nesihlabathi esimnyama (黄泥土、乌沙土). Incazelo edumile ithi inhlabathi ivulekile, ivundile futhi inezinto eziphilayo eziningi, i-athikili ye-People's Daily ithi ivundile; ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi emithonjeni etholakele akukho.
* **Ubukhulu bezingadi:** Izinombolo ziyahluka ngeminyaka nangemingcele. Amaphephandaba esifundazwe (2020): esigodini sase-Lishan kunama-6000 mu ezingadi, kuhlanganise nangaphezu kwe-2000 mu e-Anding. Umbiko wesifunda (2025): ngaphezu kwe-3000 mu endaweni emaphakathi.

**5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:**

Ngokwesifunda, kubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-Anding Yunwu kunezinqamulelo ezintathu (三次杀青). Isisekelo sisalokhu kungukugazinga ngesandla (手工炒制), kanti eminyakeni yamuva kwengezwe ukugazinga ngomshini: umugqa ozishintshayo wetiye eliyisicaba (扁形茶) ulingisa ukunyakaza kokugazinga ngesandla futhi ugcina izinqamulelo ezintathu ezifanayo. Incazelo edumile ibiza indlela yokucubungula "ngokugazinga ingxenye nokushisa ingxenye" (半烧半炒), ngaphandle kokuyichaza. Amapharamitha emithonjeni etholakele awekho.

Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo:

1.  **Ukwendlalwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Iqabunga lendlalwa ngongqimba oluncane ukuze likhiphe ingxenye yomswakama.
2.  **Ukuqinisa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Ukushisa ebhodweni kumisa ukuxhuma komoyampilo futhi kulondoloza umbala oluhlaza.
3.  **Ukubumba nokugazinga (炒制, *chǎozhì*):** Iqabunga liqedwa ebhodweni lifinyelele esimweni esidingekayo.
4.  **Ukumisa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

**6. Izici ze-organoleptic:**

Incazelo esemthethweni yokubukeka emithonjeni etholakele ayikho; ngezansi — amafomula esifunda, amaphephandaba nencazelo.

* **Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile:** Ngokwesifunda, kuluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo (色泽翠绿); amaphephandaba esifundazwe afingqa ukubukeka ngefomula ethi "色翠、汤浓、味醇" — umbala oluhlaza okotshani, umhluzo omnyama, ukunambitheka okuthambile. Isimo seqabunga asichazwanga; isimo esiyisicaba singaqagelwa kuphela ngomugqa wetiye eliyisicaba.
* **Iphunga leqabunga elomile:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
* **Iphunga lomhluzo:** Kuhlanzekile lapho kuthelwa amanzi (开汤清香), futhi ekuthelweni kwesibili nokwesithathu, ngokwesifunda, kuba kukhulu nakakhulu. Incazelo edumile iphawula iphunga elincane le-orchid (略带兰花清香).
* **Ukunambitheka:** Kunomsoco futhi kuthambile (汁浓味醇), kusha futhi kumnandi, akukho kubaba nokuncinza (入口鲜甘、毫无苦涩); i-athikili ye-People's Daily ibhala ngokubuya okumnandi okucebile nokude.
* **Umbala womhluzo:** Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho; "汤浓" isho ukujiya, hhayi umbala.
* **Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eseligazingiwe):** Incazelo esemthethweni ayikho. I-athikili ye-People's Daily ichaza imiqumbe emincane eluhlaza okotshani enamacembe, evuleka futhi intanta bese yehla eglasini.

**7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:**

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

**8. Izinzuzo zempilo:**

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo ayikho.

**9. Ukuphisa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

* **Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Inani letiye:** 3 g ku-150 ml.
* **Isitsha:** Igilasi elikhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
* **Inqubo:**
    1. Shisisa isitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi eceleni kodonga.
    3. Ukuthelwa kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomhluzo.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu; isifunda siphawula ukuthi iphunga livuleka kakhulu okwesibili nokwesithathu.

**10. Ukugcinwa:**

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

**11. Intengo nokukhwabanisa:**

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

* **Indlela yokugwema amakhophi angemthetho:**
    * Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo "安顶云雾" № 15439785. Ngokwesisekelo sesifundazwe sango-2019 akukho nkampani eyodwa evunyelwe ukulusebenzisa, ngakho uphawu emaphaketheni ngokwalo lufanele ukuhlolwa; ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza manje akukaqinisekiswa.
    * Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Fuyang, kungcono — owesigodi sase-Lishan.
    * Iqabunga liluhlaza okotshani, iphunga lihlanzekile, ukunambitheka kuthambile futhi akukho kubaba.

**12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:**

* Umnikazi wophawu — i-Fuyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center (杭州富阳区农业技术推广中心), isikhungo sikahulumeni, hhayi inhlangano yemboni.
* Incazelo edumile inika amagama endabuko etiye — "Anding cha" (安顶茶), "Yanding cha" (岩顶茶) kanye "ne-Yanding minghao" (岩顶茗毫).
* Ngokwencazelo efanayo, izingcweti zase-Anding zamele i-Fuyang emiqhudelwaneni yesifundazwe yokugazinga itiye eliyisicaba futhi ngo-2003 zathola umklomelo wokuqala.

**13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase-Hangzhou:**

* **Xi Hu Long Jing ([西湖龙井](https://thetea.app/zu/article/xihu-longjing)):** Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lase-Hangzhou eligazingwa ngesandla ebhodweni; i-Anding Yunwu igazingwa ngomshini emgqeni wohlobo olufanayo, lwetiye eliyisicaba.
* **Tianmu Qingding ([天目青顶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianmu-qingding)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Tianmu esifundeni sase-Lin'an; igama laso lesibili, i-Tianmu Yunwu, nalo lisho "amafu nenkungu".
* **Tianzun Gongya ([天尊贡芽](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tianzun-gongya)):** Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Tonglu phezulu komfula i-Fuchunjiang, nalo elinenganekwane yomnikelo enkantolo.
* **Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha ([桐庐雪水云绿茶](https://thetea.app/zu/article/tonglu-xueshui-yunlu-cha)):** Itiye elinjengenalithi elivela emiqumbeni eyodwa yesifunda esifanayo sase-Tonglu.

**Ekuphetheni:**

I-Anding Yunwu — itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni ogwini oluseningizimu lomfula i-Fuchunjiang, lapho amafu ehlala khona izinsuku ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ngonyaka. Imibhalo ngalo ikhuluma okuncane: uphawu lwango-2016 lwesikhungo sesifunda sezolimo, amagugu edolobha kubuchwepheshe bokugazinga, izinqamulelo ezintathu endleleni yendabuko. Okunye — amafomula esifunda namaphephandaba: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani, iphunga elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okuthambile ngaphandle kokubaba — kanye nenganekwane yetiye lomnikelo, nokwamanje engasekelwa yilutho.