---
title: "Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhenyuan-kanpenqing-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá (镇沅砍盆箐茶)

**Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha** (*Zhènyuán Kǎnpénqìng chá*, 镇沅砍盆箐茶) ndi chizindikiro cha malo cha tiyi wa mudzi wa Kanpenqing (砍盆箐) wa komiti ya m'mudzi ya Wenkuan (文况村) ya tauni ya Mengda m'boma la Zhenyuan m'tauni ya Pu'er, m'chigawo cha Yunnan. Mudziwu uli paphiri m'mapiri a Wuliangshan (无量山), pakati pa nkhalango; mozungulira mulipo mitengo yakale ya tiyi, 896 mwa iyo amawerengedwa mmodzi mmodzi. Boma limatchula Kanpenqing pakati pa madera asanu ndi atatu a tiyi ake, ndipo zofalitsa za tiyi zimati tiyi wake ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri ku Zhenyuan. Kalasi ya malonda chikalata cha chizindikiro sichitchula; mafotokozedwe amanena za zopangira pu'er.

**1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Sizinakhazikitsidwe: mndandanda wa zizindikiro sutanthauza kalasi. Nkhani ya phiri la tiyi mu nkhani ya ulendo wopita ku Kanpenqing (tsamba la tiyi linasindikizanso mu 2020) ikuti alimi a tiyi a m'derali amapanga makamaka pamanja tiyi wouma padzuwa ([晒青](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shai-qing)茶, *shàiqīng chá*) — zopangira pu'er; kuti chizindikirochi chikuphimba malonda otani, sizikudziwika kuchokera apa.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wa minda yakale ya boma la Zhenyuan; chizindikiro cha satifiketi cha malo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南, *Yúnnán*), tauni ya Pu'er (普洱, *Pǔ'ěr*), boma la Zhenyuan (镇沅, *Zhènyuán*), tauni ya Mengda (勐大镇, *Měngdà zhèn*), komiti ya m'mudzi ya Wenkuan, mudzi wa Kanpenqing.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Mndandanda umatchula boma la Zhenyuan monga kukhala kwa mwini chizindikiro; mwiniyo sanatchulidwe, malire a malowa mwalamulo sindinawone. Dera la tiyi likufotokozedwa mokulirapo: pakati, malinga ndi lipoti la 2024, ndi mudzi wa Kanpenqing, malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa boma — komiti yonse ya m'mudzi ya Wenkuan, ndipo mozungulira — midzi ina khumi ndi isanu, kuphatikizapo Kuda (库达), Baishui (白水), Banpo (半坡) ndi Wenduo (文夺).
* **Ma coordinates a malo:** Ma coordinates enieni m'magwero opezeka alibe.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano ya mbewu.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya mtsogoleri wamba m'nkhani yomweyo, kalekale, pamene akuluakulu ankatenga amuna kupita kunkhondo, munthu wina wa ku Kanpenqing anatengedwa kupita ku Jinggu; anathawa msasa ndipo, pobwerera kwawo, anabweretsa mbewu za tiyi — kuchokera pa izo kunachokera mitengo ya kuno. Nkhani yofotokoza m'nkhani yomweyo imapereka nthano ina: mitengoyi inabzalidwa ndi makolo awo, omwe anathawira kuno ku chipwirikiti, zaka zoposa 400 zapitazo. Zolemba za nkhani iliyonse sindinaziwone.
    * **1976.** Malinga ndi nkhani yomweyo, akatswiri a chigawo anasonkhanitsa masamba apa ndi kuwatengera ku Kunming kuti akayezedwe; ubwino wake unavomerezedwa kuti ndi wabwino, ndipo mitengo yakale inaonedwa kuti ndi yoyenera kutetezedwa.
    * **2007.** Malinga ndi buku la "Pu'er wenhua", pa kugwa kwa msika wa pu'er mu 2007 tiyi wa Kanpenqing unakumana ndi kukwera ndi kutsika kwambiri, minda inawonongeka kwambiri ndipo inachira kwa zaka zingapo.
    * **Chizindikiro.** Mu mndandanda wa zizindikiro za GI za Yunnan pa 28 December 2019 "镇沅砍盆箐茶" uli pa mzere wa 98. Chaka cha kulembetsa, nambala ndi mwini wake m'magwero opezeka alibe.
    * **Mapasipoti a mitengo.** Lipoti la webusayiti ya CCTV (2024) likuti m'zaka zaposachedwa mtengo uliwonse wakale wapakati wapatsidwa "pasipoti" yokhala ndi malo, ma coordinates, zaka, kukula kwa korona ndi woyang'anira chisamaliro.
* **Dzina:** Malinga ndi nkhani yomweyo, makolo amatema mabeseni amatabwa kuchokera m'mitengo — kuchokera apa "砍盆箐" — pafupifupi "malo amene amatema mabeseni". Mitengoyi inkagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga mabwato kuti ayende pamtsinje, chifukwa chake malowa amatchedwanso "砍船箐" — "malo amene amatema mabwato". Lipoti la 2024 limanena mwachidule kuti tiyi amatchulidwa ndi malo, ndipo malowa adziwika ndi tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Boma limatchula Kanpenqing pakati pa madera asanu ndi atatu a tiyi a Zhenyuan pamodzi ndi Madeng, Qianjiazhai, Laohaitang, Chashanqing, Laowushan, Dasunshan ndi Wuyi; buku la "Pu'er wenhua" m'mndandanda wake limayika m'malo mwa Dasunshan malo a Baocangshan. Limanenanso kuti Kanpenqing, monga Madeng, kalekale anali m'gulu la "tiyi asanu ndi atatu odziwika a Yunnan". Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa minda yakale ya tauni ya Mengda pa tsamba lina la tiyi, udindowu anaupeza mu 1978 powunika tiyi odziwika m'dongosolo la malonda akunja la chigawo, pamodzi ndi tiyi wa Haitang ndi Madeng, ndipo mu 1989 — satifiketi ya chigawo ya tiyi wodziwika; nkhani ina imayika kuwunikaku ku 1976.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivar:** Nkhani ya phiri la tiyi imatchula tiyi wamba wamaluwa akuluakulu obzalidwa ndi mbewu (有性大叶[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong), *yǒuxìng dàyè qúntǐzhǒng*) — populasyoni yochulukitsidwa ndi mbewu, osati mtundu umodzi.
* **Mitengo yakale:** Chiwerengero chimasiyana. Lipoti la 2024: pakati pa Kanpenqing pali mitengo yakale 896. Nkhani yofotokoza: paphiri pali mitengo yakale yoposa chikwi, mwa iyo yoposa mazana atatu ndi korona yotakata. Zinthu zina zimatchula 3890 ndi zoposa 4000. Nkhaniyo imafotokoza mitengo yotalika pafupifupi 4–5 m ndi nthambi zopindika.
* **Zopangira ndi kuthyola:** Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, masamba amathyoledwa m'chaka, m'nyengo yamvula ndi m'dzinja. Zofunikira za chizindikiro ndi muyezo wa kuthyola m'magwero opezeka alibe.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Wuliangshan; malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa boma, dera la tiyi lili m'nkhalango yoyamba mkati mwa nkhalango yotetezedwa ya Wuliangshan. Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango kuzungulira — 66 %.
* **Utali:** **1910 m** — malinga ndi nkhani ya phiri la tiyi.
* **Nyengo:** Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 15.8–18.1 °C, mvula 920–1910 mm pachaka (nkhani yofotokoza).
* **Zomera ndi dothi:** Nkhalango yobiriwira yamasamba otakata ndi yosakanikirana ya coniferous-broadleaf; dothi — lateritic lofiira ndi lofiira (赤红壤、红壤).
* **Malo:** Malinga ndi lipoti la 2024, mu komiti ya m'mudzi ya Wenkuan pali ma mu oposa 4000 a tiyi, pakati pa Kanpenqing — oposa 2000 mu. Nkhaniyo imatchula ziwerengero zochepa za mudzi umodzi: oposa 800 mu a minda ya tiyi, mwa iwo oposa 100 mu a mitengo yakale.
* **Mudzi:** Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, Kanpenqing uli pakati pa phiri: mabanja 9, anthu opitirira makumi anayi; kuchokera ku komiti ya m'mudzi kupita kumudzi — 16 km a msewu wamapiri.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Ukadaulo wa tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro m'magwero opezeka alibe, kalasi sinatchulidwe. Nkhani ya phiri la tiyi imanena za tiyi wouma padzuwa wopangidwa pamanja — zopangira pu'er; kwa iye ndondomeko yodziwika ndi iyi:

1.  **Kuthyola (采摘, *cǎizhāi*).**
2.  **Kuziziritsa masamba (摊晾, *tānliàng*).**
3.  **Kukhazikitsa m'poti (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*).**
5.  **Kuumitsa padzuwa (晒干, *shàigān*):** Amapanga maocha wosalala (晒青毛茶, *shàiqīng máochá*).
6.  **Kuphimba (紧压, *jǐnyā*):** Sikovomerezeka.

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya kalasi, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha. Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, m'mudzimo amagwira ntchito kooperativa ya anthu 38: imalandira masamba kuchokera m'mabanja ndipo, malinga ndi mawu ake, sigula masamba kuchokera kumapiri ena.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Mafotokozedwe awa atengedwa kuchokera ku nkhani ya boma, zofalitsa za tiyi ndi zolemba za kulawa kwa "tiyi asanu ndi atatu a Zhenyuan" pa tsamba la tiyi; ku malonda omwe ali pansi pa chizindikiro palibe amene anawalumikiza mwalamulo.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Achikasu, akuluakulu, a platelike, ofanana; zolemba za kulawa zimaona mtundu uwu kukhala chizindikiro chodziwika cha Kanpenqing. Malinga ndi zolemba zomwezo, tiyiyu ndi wamphamvu m'kununkhira, osati m'maonekedwe, ndipo pa zibodza za muyezo wamba sakwera kwambiri.
* **Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma:** Wonyowa (干香润) — malinga ndi zolemba za kulawa.
* **Kununkhira kwa madzi:** Boma limafotokoza tiyi ndi mawu oti "厚重饱满，浓酽霸气" — "wothina ndi wodzaza, wokhuthala ndi wamphamvu"; nkhani yofotokoza — kununkhira kwakukulu.
* **Kukoma:** Watsopano ndi wamphamvu, wochepa m'makhalidwe, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera kokhazikika ndi kumva kwakuya pambuyo (zolemba za kulawa). Buku la "Pu'er wenhua" limatchula Kanpenqing wachikhalidwe kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri m'boma: kuwawa kumachoka, kutsala kutsekemera; pambuyo pake, malinga ndi buku lomwelo, kuno anaphunzira kupanga tiyi ndi "kutsekemera kwa shuga wa madzi" (冰糖甘) monga ku Bingdao. Nkhani: chidwi choyamba — kutsekemera, kununkhira kumakhala m'kamwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wagolide, wowonekera (nkhani yofotokoza); wowala ndi wodzaza (zolemba za kulawa).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa):** Zolemba m'magwero opezeka alibe.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zolemba za physicochemical m'magwero opezeka alibe.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Zotsimikizika za zotsatira za tiyi uwu palibe.

**9. Kaphikidwe:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Chizindikiro sichitchula kalasi; malangizo awa ndi a sheng pu'er, zopangira zomwe tiyi wa kuno amafotokozedwa.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 5–8 g pa 110–150 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan kapena teapot yadothi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi; woponderezedwa — athyole mosamala, osaphwanya masamba.
    3. Sambani masamba mwachidule ndi madzi otentha ndi kuwatsanulira.
    4. Maphiko oyamba — masekondi 10–15.
    5. Tsanulirani kwathunthu.
    6. Onjezani nthawi ndi kuthira kulikonse.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Sheng pu'er amasungidwa pamalo owuma, oyera, opumira bwino popanda kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo, m'matumba opumira; nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kwa zaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Malinga ndi nkhani ya ulendo, mu 2016 tiyi wa m'chaka wa mitengo yakale ya Kanpenqing anagulitsidwa pa 3000–5000 yuan pa kilogalamu, ndipo tiyi wa minda wamba "wazachilengedwe" — pa 200–600 yuan. "Pu'er wenhua" imatchula Kanpenqing kukhala dera lomwe lili ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa tiyi m'boma. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2024, mu 2023 mtengo wa tiyi wa mabanja opitirira mazana awiri a komiti ya m'mudzi ya Wenkuan unapitirira 30 miliyoni yuan, mwa iwo opitirira 20 miliyoni anachokera ku mabanja khumi ndi limodzi a pakati.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro "镇沅砍盆箐茶" ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wopanga ndi wa boma la Zhenyuan.
    * Kumbukirani kuti mitengo yakale pano ndi yochepa: zolemba za kulawa zimanena mwachindunji kuti Kanpenqing wabwino ndi wovuta kupeza. Kuchuluka kwakukulu pa mtengo wotsika — chifukwa chokayikira.
    * Fananizani maonekedwe ndi mafotokozedwe: masamba akuluakulu achikasu, madzi agolide, kukoma kwamphamvu ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.

**12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa:**

* Dzina la mudzi, malinga ndi nkhani ya kuno, linachokera ku mabeseni amatabwa omwe amatema kuchokera m'mitengo; dzina lachiwiri, "砍船箐", — kuchokera ku mabwato.
* Mtengo uliwonse wa mitengo yakale 896 yapakati unapatsidwa "pasipoti" yokhala ndi ma coordinates ndi dzina la amene amayang'anira.
* Malinga ndi zolemba za kulawa, Kanpenqing amadziwika poyang'ana koyamba ndi kumwa koyamba, ndipo mtundu wa masamba owuma uli "wosiyana ndi wina aliyense".

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi oyandikana nawo:**

* **Qianjiazhai ndi Bada ([千家寨](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qianjiazhai-bada) · 巴达):** Nkhani ya encyclopedia yathu ya mitengo yakale yamtchire; mtengo wa Qianjiazhai umamera m'boma lomwelo, m'mapiri a Ailao.
* **Bingdao Laozhai ([冰岛老寨](https://thetea.app/ny/article/bingdao-laozhai)):** Muyezo wa "kutsekemera kwa shuga wa madzi", umene, malinga ndi buku la "Pu'er wenhua", amisiri a kuno amatsatira.
* **Nanjian Wuliangshan Hongcha ([南涧无量山红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/nanjian-wuliangshan-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa m'mapiri omwewo a Wuliangshan, nkhani ya mndandanda.

**Pomaliza:**

Zhenyuan Kanpenqing Cha ndi chizindikiro cha mudzi wawung'ono wa m'nkhalango m'mapiri a Wuliangshan: 1910 m, mitengo yakale 896 yowerengedwa, masamba akuluakulu achikasu ndi tiyi umene boma limatchula kukhala wothina ndi wamphamvu, ndipo odziwa — wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri ku Zhenyuan. Chizindikirochi chimadziwika kokha ndi mzere wa mndandanda wa chigawo, kalasi sichitchula, kotero zina zonse zimakhazikika pa nkhani za boma ndi zofalitsa za tiyi.