---
title: "Zhènbā máojiān"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/zhenba-maojian
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Zhènbā máojiān (镇巴毛尖)

**Zhenba Maojian** (*Zhènbā máojiān*, 镇巴[毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/mao-jian)) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Zhenba (镇巴县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Hanzhong kum’mwera kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha Shaanxi, m’mapiri a Daba Shan pafupi ndi malire a Sichuan. Mawu akuti "maojian" amatanthauza "nsonga zaubweya" ndipo amatchula maonekedwe, osati luso lake; gulu la tiyiyu limatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko yopanga yochokera ku zofunira za chitetezo: kuletsa kutentha, kupotoza kawiri, kuumitsa ndi kuwotcha, popanda okosijeni ndipo popanda kuwuziritsa. Dzinali limatetezedwa monga chizindikiro cha malo aulimi (AGI03433) komanso monga malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo m’ndandanda wa CNIPA wa 2025.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Zofunira za chitetezo sizitchula dzina la gululi ndi mawu, koma zimakhazikitsa luso lobiriwira, lomwe ndi kuletsa kutentha (杀青, *shāqīng*), kupotoza, kuumitsa, popanda okosijeni ndipo popanda kuwuziritsa (闷黄, *mènhuáng*); madzi ake ndi obiriwira modekha.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wa kum’mwera kwa Shaanxi ku Hanzhong wokhala ndi njira ziwiri zotetezera.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西, *Shǎnxī*), chigawo cha mzinda wa Hanzhong (汉中, *Hànzhōng*), boma la Zhenba (镇巴, *Zhènbā*).
* **Wopempha:** Siteshoni yowongolera ukadaulo wa kulima tiyi ya boma la Zhenba (镇巴县茶叶技术指导站).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Matauni 20 ndi ma ofesi a m’misewu ya boma, momwe muli midzi yoyang'anira 137. Okwanira khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu atchulidwa: Nianzi, Bamiao, Guanyin, Xinglong, Ping'an, Yongle, Dachi, Jianchi, Sanyuan, Liba, Changling, Yanchang, Chinan, Bashan, Yudu, Xiaoyang, Jingyang ndi Yangjiahe, "ndi ena." Malinga ndi mndandanda wofotokozera, m'bomali muli madera 20 okha oterowo, ndipo osatchulidwa ndi Qingshui (青水) ndi Rencun (仁村) okha; midzi ndi makomiti okhalamo m'bomali, malinga ndi zofotokozera, ndi 256.
* **Ma coordinates a geography:** 107°25′–108°16′ kum'mawa, 32°08′–32°50′ kumpoto.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Chitetezo chisanayambe.** Palibe mbiri ya tiyi yomwe yapezeka m'magwero: palibe masiku, palibe mphoto, palibe zolemba zakale.
    * **Chizindikiro chaulimi.** Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zochitika za Kumidzi unalembetsa dzinali pansi pa nambala AGI03433; chaka cholembetsera sichikupezeka m'magwero omwe tapeza.
    * **2025.** Chilengezo cha CNIPA nambala 646 chinaphatikiza "镇巴毛尖" m'ndandanda wa malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (mzere 759 wa zowonjezera) ndipo chinavomereza zofunira za chitetezo: malo, mitundu, malo olimapo, ulimi, luso, maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za thupi ndi zamkati.
* **Dzina:** "Zhenba" (镇巴) ndi dzina la boma; "maojian" (毛尖) amatanthauza "nsonga zaubweya," kutengera maonekedwe a tsamba louma.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Hanzhong ndi malo olima tiyi akum'mwera kwa Shaanxi, otalikirana ndi kumpoto kouma ndi phiri la Qinling. Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe tili nayo, boma la Zhenba lilinso m'dera la dzina lalikulu la chigawo cha Hanzhong Xian Hao ([汉中仙毫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/hanzhong-xian-hao)); Zhenba Maojian ndi dzina lapadera lomwe lili ndi zofunira zake.

**3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu:** Zofunira za chitetezo zimatchula gulu la anthu la 紫阳槠叶[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong) (*Zǐyáng zhūyè qúntǐzhǒng*), lomwe lili ndi dzina la boma la Ziyang la chigawo chomwecho, ndi mtundu wa 名山131 (*Míngshān 131*), "ndi ena." Zolemba sizifotokoza za tchire.
* **Kuthyola:** Ndi manja okha (全部手工采摘); masamba ndi masamba ake odzaza ndi ofanana, opanda mame ndi zowonongeka (芽叶饱满匀整，不带露水无损伤).
* **Muyezo wa kuthyola:** Zolemba sizikunena kuti masamba angati atenge ndi mphukira; palibe zomwe tapeza m'magwero.
* **Nyengo:** Malamulo a kudulira amatchula kuthyola kwa masika ndi mphangwe; masiku enieni sakupezeka m'magwero omwe tapeza.

**4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Malinga ndi zomwe tapeza, boma la Zhenba lili kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Daba Shan ndi kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Micang Shan, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chigawo cha Hanzhong, ndipo kum'mwera kumalire ndi Wanyuan ndi Tongjiang za ku Sichuan. Mitsinje ya m'mabeseni awiri, Jialing Jiang ndi Han Jiang, imadutsa m'bomali.
* **Kutalika kwa malo olimapo:** Malinga ndi zofunira za chitetezo, **800–1200 m**. Malo a boma, malinga ndi zofotokozera, amachokera pa 425 m ku tawuni ya Bamiao mpaka 2534 m pa phiri la Jiangan Shan.
* **Nyengo:** Palibe zomwe tapeza za minda. Malinga ndi zofotokozera za boma: dera lonyowa la kumpoto kwa subtropiki la mphepo ya kum'mwera chakum'mawa, lowoneka ngati la kontinenti; kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 13.8 °C, mvula ndi 1250 mm, nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 236.
* **Dothi:** Malinga ndi zofunira za chitetezo, dothi lachikasu-bulauni (黄棕壤), lachikasu-bulauni (黄褐土), la miyala (石渣土) ndi la mchenga wokhala ndi zidutswa za miyala (片砂土); kuzama kosachepera 1 m, pH 5.5–6.0, zinthu zamoyo zosachepera 2.0%.
* **Ulimi:** Kubzala molimba motsatira mizere yopingasa ya phiri mu mzere umodzi kapena iwiri, mooneka ngati "丁," 25,000–32,000 mbande pa hekitala. Feteleza monga "chimodzi chachikulu, ziwiri zowonjezera" (一基两追): chachikulu, makamaka cha organic, chimachitika m'dzinja kapena m'nyengo yozizira ndikulima mozama, osachepera 20 cm; zowonjezera zimachitika m'chaka ndi m'chilimwe-m'dzinja, makamaka nayitrogeni wofulumira. Kudulira kwa masika kumachitika pambuyo pa kuthyola kwa masika, kumadula mozama (10–15 cm) kapena mwamphamvu (theka la korona); kwa mphangwe kumachitika pambuyo pa kuthyola kwa mphangwe, 3–5 cm pamwamba pa malo omwe anadulidwa kale.
* **Kukula kwake:** Nkhani yofotokozera za boma imatchula mahekitala 35,000 a minda ya tiyi ndi matani 420 a tiyi pachaka, osatchula chaka.

**5. Luso la Kupanga:**

Zofunira za chitetezo zimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yopanga, koma sizipereka magawo, ngati kutentha, nthawi, kapena chinyezi. Dongosolo la magawo malinga ndi zolemba: kugawa tsamba latsopano (摊放, *tānfàng*) → kuletsa kutentha (杀青, *shāqīng*) → kupotoza (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) → kuswa zidutswa (解块, *jiěkuài*) → kuumitsa koyamba (初烘, *chūhōng*) → kuziziritsa (摊晾, *tānliàng*) → kupotoza kachiwiri (复揉, *fùróu*) → kuwotcha ndikugudubuza tsamba (滚炒, *gǔnchǎo*) → kuumitsa mpaka kutha (足干, *zúgān*) → kusankha (精选, *jīngxuǎn*) → kulongedza.

Malinga ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokozera kwa tiyiyu, kuletsa kutentha kumayimitsa okosijeni, ndipo kuwotcha ndi kuumitsa mpaka kutha kumakhazikitsa fungo. Kupadera kwa ndondomekoyi kumaonekera ngakhale popanda magawo: kupotoza kumachitika kawiri, pakati pake pali kuumitsa pang'ono ndi kuziziritsa, ndipo kumapeto kuli kuwotcha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Kufotokozera kuli m'munsimu kumachokera ku zofunira za chitetezo; ndi kwaufupi, ndipo mulibe magawo atatu.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Lolimba ndi lopindika mwamphamvu, lobiriwira ndi kuwala konyezimira, lokhala ndi ubweya wooneka bwino (外形壮实紧结、色泽绿润显毫).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe zomwe tapeza m'magwero.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Sizinatchulidwe padera; fungo limatchulidwa kokha pofotokoza kukoma; palibe zomwe tapeza m'magwero.
* **Kukoma:** Kofewa ndi konunkhira, ndi kubwerera kokoma (滋味醇香回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira modekha, wowonekera ndi wowala (茶汤嫩绿透亮).
* **Masamba otsala:** Palibe zomwe tapeza m'magwero.

Zolemba zimawonjezera kuti tiyiyu ndi wolemera ndi zinthu zotulutsidwa ndipo umatha kupirira kuthira madzi kambiri (内含物丰富耐冲泡).

**7. Zomwe Zili M'thupi:**

Zizindikiro za thupi ndi zamkati malinga ndi zofunira za chitetezo:

| Chizindikiro | Chofunika |
| :--- | :--- |
| Zinthu zotulutsidwa | zosachepera 40.0% |
| Ma amino acid | zosachepera 3% |
| Ma polyphenol | zosachepera 16% |
| Ma catechin | 15% |

Pa ma catechin, zolemba zilibe chizindikiro chofananitsa, zimangoti "15%"; izi zatsimikiziridwa ndi chithunzi cha tsamba. Sitingadziwe ngati ndi malire kapena avareji. Zolemba zimati tiyiyu ndi wolemera ndi ma amino acid ndi zinki, koma sizipereka nambala ya zinki. Izi ndi zofunira za chitetezo, osati miyeso ya gulu linalake.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikiziridwa wa zotsatira za tiyiyu.

**9. Kuthira Madzi:**

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Njira:** Tenthetsa chotengera, thirira madzi m'mphepete, kuthira koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60; imwani, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, ndikuwonjezera. Nthawi zambiri mumathiranso kawiri kapena katatu, koma zofunira za chitetezo zimanena kuti tiyiyu umatha kupirira kuthira kambiri.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. M'chotengera chotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zachinyengo:**

Palibe zomwe tapeza za mitengo m'magwero.

* **Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:**
    * Yang'anani chizindikiro chapadera cha malo: wopempha wochokera m'dera amalandila fomu kuchokera ku ofesi ya chitetezo cha nzeru za boma, chigawo chimayang'anira, ndipo ufulu wa chizindikiro umalengezedwa ndi CNIPA.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa boma la Zhenba, ndipo pa paketi palembedwa "镇巴毛尖": mawu oti "maojian" sakutsimikizira malo.
    * Tsamba louma limalimba, lopindika mwamphamvu, lobiriwira ndi ubweya; madzi ake ndi obiriwira modekha ndi owonekera.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Kuthyola ndi manja ndi kofunika kwa dzina lonselo: zolemba sizigawa tiyiyu m'magulu a mitundu.
* Malo otetezedwa amatchulidwa kuti "matauni 20 ndi ma ofesi a m'misewu," koma khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu okha atchulidwa.
* Mmodzi mwa maziko awiri a mitundu ali ndi dzina la boma lina lolima tiyi la Shaanxi, Ziyang.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wa kum'mwera kwa Shaanxi ndi ma Maojian:**

* **Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫):** Dzina lalikulu la chigawo, lomwe dera lake limaphatikizapo Zhenba; apa ndi dzina la boma lokhala ndi zofunira zake.
* **Wuzi Xianhao ([午子仙毫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wuzi-xianhao)):** Tiyi wa boma la Xixiang la chigawo chomwecho ndi tsamba lathyathyathya lopindika; Zhenba Maojian ali ndi tsamba lolimba ndi lopindika mwamphamvu.
* **Ziyang Mao Jian ([紫阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/ziyang-mao-jian)):** Maojian wa chigawo cha Ankang; dzina la Ziyang limagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa gulu la anthu lochokera ku zofunira za Zhenba Maojian.
* **Xinyang Mao Jian ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Tiyi wa ku Henan wokhala ndi mawu omwewo m'dzina, "maojian" amatchula maonekedwe, osati malo.

**Pomaliza:**

Zhenba Maojian ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Shaanxi, kumene mapiri a Daba Shan amafikira ku Sichuan. Magwero satchula za mbiri yake, koma zofunira za chitetezo za 2025 zimalongosola mwatsatanetsatane: minda pa 800–1200 m, kuthyola ndi manja, kupotoza kawiri ndi kuwotcha kumapeto, tsamba lobiriwira lolimba ndi ubweya, madzi obiriwira modekha owonekera ndi kukoma kofewa ndi kubwerera kokoma. Nthawi za kuthyola, fungo, masamba otsala ndi mitengo zikadali zosadziwika.