---
title: "Yúyáo pùbù xiānmíng"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yuyao-pubu-xianming
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yúyáo pùbù xiānmíng (余姚瀑布仙茗)

**Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng** (*Yúyáo pùbù xiānmíng*, 余姚瀑布仙茗) ndi "tii ya anthu osafa ya kuchokera ku chitunda cha mathithi cha Yúyáo", tii wobiriwira wa mzinda wa Yúyáo (余姚市) m'chigawo cha Níngbō, m'chigawo cha Zhèjiāng, kuchokera ku mapiri a Sìmíngshān (四明山). Dzinali linachokera mu "Canon ya Tii" (茶经) ya Lù Yǔ. Tekinoloje yakale, malinga ndi zolemba, inatayika pambuyo pa Míng, tii wamakono anabwezeretsedwa mu 1979. Dzinali limatetezedwa kuyambira 2010, ndipo kuyambira 2025 monga chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, chomwe chili ndi magulu anayi, kuyambira singano mpaka zopindika zochokera ku mitundu ya masamba owala.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Zofuna za chitetezo zimagawanitsa zokolola kukhala tii wa masamba obiriwira (绿叶茶), tii wa masamba oyera ndi tii wa masamba achikasu; njira zonse zokonza m'menemo zimayamba ndi kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*) atangoyala masamba, palibe kubvunda (闷黄, *mènhuáng*) m'menemo.
* **Msampha wa dzina:** Tii wa "masamba oyera" ndi "masamba achikasu" (白叶茶, 黄叶茶) ndi mitundu ya masamba owala (白化茶, *báihuàchá*) yokonzedwa m'njira yobiriwira.
* **Gulu:** Tii wodziwika bwino wa mbiri, wobwezeretsedwa m'zaka za zana la 20; zolemba zimamuyika m'gulu la tii asanu ndi atatu odziwika a Níngbō.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Zhèjiāng (浙江, *Zhèjiāng*), chigawo cha Níngbō (宁波, *Níngbō*), mzinda wa chigawo cha Yúyáo (余姚, *Yúyáo*).
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Malinga ndi zofuna za chitetezo za 2025, pali midzi 21, matauni ndi malo a mzinda a Yúyáo, midzi yoyang'anira 268; 120°52′–121°25′ kum'mawa, 29°40′–30°23′ kumpoto. Wopempha ndi Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng Association (余姚市余姚瀑布仙茗协会). Kufotokozera kwakale kwa malo kunatchula midzi 17 ndi makomiti a msewu ndi malire akum'mawa a 121°54′ kum'mawa.
* **Malo ogwirizana:** Pafupifupi 29.7–30.4° kumpoto ndi 120.9–121.4° kum'mawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano ya Yú Hóng.** Mu mutu wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa "Canon ya Tii" Lù Yǔ akupereka nkhani yochokera mu "Zolemba za zauzimu ndi zachilendo" (神异记): mbadwa ya Yúyáo Yú Hóng (虞洪) anapita kumapiri kukafuna tii ndipo anakumana ndi Taoist wokhala ndi ng'ombe zitatu zakuda. Taoist anadzitcha Dānqiūzǐ (丹丘子), anamutsogolera ku Phiri la Mathithi (瀑布山), anamuwonetsa "tii wamkulu" (大茗) ndipo anapempha kuti amusiyire zotsalira za m'ziphuphu. Mu mutu wa zida, nkhaniyi imayikidwa m'zaka za Yǒngjiā (永嘉中), kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachinayi. Iyi ndi nthano, osati mbiri.
    * **Mawu a canon.** Mutu wachisanu ndi chitatu: "浙东，以越州上，余姚县生瀑布泉岭曰仙茗，大者殊异，小者与襄州同" kum'mawa kwa Zhèjiāng tii wabwino kwambiri ali ku Yuèzhōu; m'chigawo cha Yúyáo pa chitunda cha kasupe wa mathithi kumera "xiānmíng", masamba ake akulu ndi odabwitsa, ang'onoang'ono ali ngati tii wa Xiāngzhōu.
    * **Sòng mpaka Qīng.** Malinga ndi zolemba, mbiri ya Sòng "Jiātài Guìjī zhì" (嘉泰会稽志) imayika tii wa mathithi wa Yúyáo pambuyo pa tii woyamba wa chigawocho, ndipo woganiza bwino Huáng Zōngxī (黄宗羲) analemba ndakatulo "Tii wa Mathithi wa Yúyáo" (余姚瀑布茶). M'menemo, tii amathamangira kumsika asanafike Gǔyǔ (出市都争谷雨前), ndipo imatha ndi mizere yakuti "炒青已到更阑后，犹试新分瀑布泉": kukazinga kunatha usiku wonse, ndipo tii watsopano amamuyesa kale ndi madzi a kasupe wa mathithi.
    * **1979–1980.** Malinga ndi zolemba, pambuyo pa Míng tii uja anasiya kupanga; mu 1979 anabwezeretsedwa, mu 1980 analandira udindo wa tii wodziwika wa kalasi yoyamba ya chigawo. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa chinthu, m'zaka za m'ma 1990 kupanga kunakhala kwa makina.
    * **1998.** Malinga ndi kuyankhulana kwa atolankhani a m'deralo mu 2024, kale Yúyáo ankapanga makamaka tii wa "ngale" (珠茶), ndipo kuyambira 1998 mzindawu ukulimbikitsa tii wake pansi pa dzina limodzi la Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng.
    * **Pafupifupi 2010.** Malinga ndi uthenga wa nyuzipepala ya "Zhōnghuá hézuò shíbào" wa pa 19 Januware 2010, posachedwapa China International Tea Culture Research Society (中国国际茶文化研究会) inapatsa Yúyáo chikwangwani choyamba cha "kwawo kwa chikhalidwe cha tii cha China" (中国茶文化之乡), ndipo Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng inapatsidwa udindo wa "tii wodziwika wa chikhalidwe cha China" (中国文化名茶).
    * **2010.** Chizindikiro cha malo chaulimi cha Unduna wa Zaulimi; zolemba zimatchula tsiku la 24 December.
    * **2018.** Malinga ndi zolemba, mphoto ya golide pa China International Tea Expo yachiwiri; kuti ndi ndani mwa opanga amene anapatsidwa, zolemba sizikufotokoza.
    * **2025.** Ndi chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office No. 640 (chosainidwa pa 16 July, chofalitsidwa pa 13 August) zinthu 1409 zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo zinazindikiridwa; Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng ndi mzere 404, wokhala ndi zofuna zosiyana za chitetezo.
* **Dzina:** "Yúyáo" (余姚) ndi mzinda; "pùbù" (瀑布) ndi mathithi, mwa chitunda cha Pùbùlǐng (瀑布岭); "xiānmíng" (仙茗) ndi "tii wa anthu osafa", pomwe 茗 ndi liwu lakale lolembedwa la tii. Zolemba zimadziwanso mayina ena: 余姚瀑布茶, 余姚仙茗 ndi 香茗. "Wosafa" amatanthauza Taoist wa m'nthano, osati kukonza.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Nthano ya Dānqiūzǐ imanenedwanso m'mapiri a Tiāntāi, koma m'mawu a canon Yú Hóng akutchulidwa momveka kuti ndi mbadwa ya Yúyáo.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu:** Zofuna za chitetezo zimalola mitundu yabwino yabwinobwino ndi mitundu ya masamba owala ya magulu oyera ndi achikasu, osaitchula. Wodziwika kwambiri mwa masamba owala, malinga ndi kuyankhulana kwa atolankhani a m'deralo mu 2024, ndi Huángjīnyá (黄金芽); malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya "Níngbō rìbào" (2025), mphukira zake zachikasu zinapezeka mu 1998 pafupi ndi malo a Tiánluóshān (田螺山遗址) pafupi ndi Yúyáo. Mndandanda wathunthu wa mitundu sunapezeke m'magwero opezeka.
* **Kututa:** M'minda yokhala ndi korona wathyathyathya, amayamba pamene mphukira 10–15 pa lalikulu mita imodzi zikukwaniritsa muyezo. Mphukira ndi tsamba amapindidwa ndi zala ziwiri kuti idule yokha.
* **Muyeso wa kututa:** Palibe muyeso wosiyana, umakhazikitsidwa ndi magulu: pa "mphukira imodzi" (单芽精品) pansi pa chikho pali mphukira zokha, pa kalasi yapamwamba pali mphukira zathunthu ndi masamba.
* **Nthawi ya kututa:** Palibe nthawi yeniyeni yomwe yapezeka m'magwero opezeka.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Sìmíngshān kum'mawa kwa Zhèjiāng. Kwawo kwa mbiri ya tii, zolemba zimatchula phiri la Dàoshìshān (道士山) pa malo otsetsereka a Pùbùlǐng, ndi minda pakati pa nkhalango, nsungwi ndi mitsinje.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Dàoshìshān ndi woposa 400 m, malinga ndi zolemba. Zofuna za chitetezo siziletsa kutalika.
* **Malo:** Malo otsetsereka ochepera 25°, nthaka yakuya kuposa 80 cm, pH 4.5–6.5, zinthu za organic zoposa 1.5%, madzi apansi pansi kuposa 100 cm mwa zofuna za chitetezo.
* **Nyengo:** M'makufotokozera muli mitambo ndi chifunga nthawi yambiri ya chaka; palibe manambala omwe apezeka m'magwero opezeka.
* **Zokolola:** Palibe malo a minda omwe apezeka m'magwero opezeka. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya 2010, mu 2009 zokolola zinali 655 t; malinga ndi kuyankhulana kwa atolankhani a m'deralo mu 2024, zoposa 800 t za tii wodziwika pachaka.

**5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga:**

Zofuna za chitetezo zimapereka mizere iwiri yopanda kutentha ndi nthawi. Muyezo wagwira ntchito wa Níngbō ndi DB3302/T 075-2018 wa luso la kupanga (余姚瀑布仙茗生产技术规程), woyambitsidwa pa 21 June 2018; malemba ake sanapezeke m'magwero opezeka.

* **Tii wa singano (针形茶):** mphukira imodzi, mphukira yoyamba ndi kalasi yapamwamba zimadutsa kuyala (摊青, *tānqīng*), kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*), kuzizira, kuwongola (理条, *lǐtiáo*), kupumula (回潮, *huícháo*), kukonza mawonekedwe (整形, *zhěngxíng*), kutentha kwa fungo (提香, *tíxiāng*) ndi kusanja pa sieve. Pa kalasi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri pambuyo pa kukhazikika kumawonjezedwa kupumula, kukulunga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*) ndi kuyanika koyamba, kenako kuzizira, kuwongola ndi masitepe omaliza omwewo.

* **Tii wopindika (蟠曲茶):** zopangira za masamba oyera ndi achikasu pambuyo pa kukhazikika ndi kuzizira zimadutsa "kuwonetsa mtundu" (催色, *cuīsè*), chomwe chikalatacho sichikufotokoza, kenako kupumula, kukulunga, kuyanika koyamba, kupanga mawonekedwe (做形, *zuòxíng*), kutentha kwa fungo (焙香, *bèixiāng*) ndi kusanja. Tii wopindika wa masamba obiriwira wa kalasi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri pambuyo pa kukhazikika amapumula ndi kukulunga, kenako amakonza mu mbiya yaing'ono ndi yayikulu (小锅, 大锅) ndi kutentha kwa fungo.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Pansipa pali mwa magulu a zofuna za chitetezo; utsi, kupsa, kununkha kwa chivundi, mapesi ofiira ndi madzi osawoneka bwino saloledwa.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** "Singano ya paini" (松针, *sōngzhēn*) ndi tsamba lolimba lowongoka ngati singano. Gulu la "golide" (金韵, *jīnyùn*) ndi zopindika za "ngolu", zobiriwira ndi golide kapena golide. "Chipale chofewa" (雪韵, *xuěyùn*) ndi zopindika za "ndowe" zokhala ndi gawo losiyana la tsamba lagolide. "Ngale ya chinjoka" (龙珠, *lóngzhū*) ndi zopindika zolimba zopindidwa.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera kosiyana komwe kwapezeka m'magwero opezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Kwa "singano ya paini" ndi lofewa kapena lalitali, lokhazikika; kwa "golide" ndi lalitali ndi lochuluka; kwa "chipale chofewa" ndi lochuluka ndi latsopano.
* **Kukoma:** Kwa "singano ya paini" ndi kwatsopano, kofewa, kolimbikitsa (鲜醇爽口); kwa "golide" ndi "chipale chofewa" ndi kwatsopano ndi kofewa, kwa magulu akuluakulu ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Kwa "singano ya paini" ndi wobiriwira wofewa, wowala; kwa "golide" ndi wachikasu, wofewa; kwa "chipale chofewa" ndi wa emarodi.
* **Pansi pa chikho (masamba otenthedwa):** Kwa "golide" ndi "wobiriwira wa yade" (玉黄), amatseguka ngati duwa; kwa "chipale chofewa" wa kalasi 700 ndi "woyera wa yade" (玉白) wokhala ndi mitsempha yochepa; kwa mphukira imodzi pansi ponse pali mphukira zokha.

Kufotokozera kwa zolemba za tii wobwezeretsedwa: tsamba lolimba, mphukira zokongola, zopindika pang'ono (外形紧密，苗秀略扁), wobiriwira wonyezimira (色泽绿润); fungo latsopano ndi loyera (香气清鲜), kukoma kwatsopano ndi kofewa (滋味鲜醇), pansi pa chikho chofewa, chofanana, chimatseguka ngati duwa (叶底嫩匀成朵).

**7. Zomwe Zili M'thupi:**

Zofuna za chitetezo kwa tii womalizidwa:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osaposa 6.5% |
| Zing'onozing'ono | osaposa 5.5% |
| Phulusa lonse | osaposa 6.0% |
| Fiber yaiwisi | osaposa 14.0% |
| Zotulutsa | osachepera 36.0% |

Izi ndi zizindikiro za khalidwe, osati mbiri ya mankhwala. Palibe deta ya polyphenols, amino acid ndi caffeine ya tii uyu yeniyeni yomwe yapezeka m'magwero opezeka.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tii uyu yeniyeni.

**9. Kutentha:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi ya tii wobiriwira: magwero sapereka malangizo awo.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tii:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tii ndi kutsanulira madzi m'mphepete.
    3. Kutentha koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi, ndi kuwonjezera madzi.
    5. Kubwezeretsanso kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo yomwe yapezeka m'magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ndi wopanga wochokera ku Yúyáo.
    * Musaweruze mwa mawonekedwe: zovomerezeka ndi singano ndi zopindika.
    * Kutchula nthano ya Yú Hóng sikutanthauza chiyambi: imanenedwanso m'malo ena.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Dzina la tii linachokera mu mutu wachisanu ndi chitatu wa "Canon ya Tii".
* Nkhani ya Yú Hóng Lù Yǔ amaipereka kawiri: pakati pa nkhani za tii ndi mu mutu wa zida, pafupi ndi choko.
* Huáng Zōngxī anapatira tii uyu ndakatulo: tii watsopano m'menemo amamuyesa ndi madzi a kasupe wa mathithi.
* Gulu la "golide" limagawidwa m'makalasi 24K ndi 18K, "chipale chofewa" m'makalasi 700, 500 ndi 300.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tii ena a Zhèjiāng:**

* **Wànghǎi Chá ([望海茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wanghai-cha)):** Tii wobiriwira wamapiri wa chigawo cha Nínghǎi m'chigawo chomwecho, wopangidwa mu 1980.
* **Tiāntáishān Yúnwùchá ([天台山云雾茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/tiantaishan-yunwucha)):** Tii wobiriwira wamapiri wa Tiāntāi, komwe amanena nthano yomweyo ya Dānqiūzǐ.
* **Ānjí Báichá ([安吉白茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/anji-baicha)):** Tii wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba oyera ndi mnzake wa gulu la "chipale chofewa".
* **Jìnyún Huángchá ([缙云黄茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jinyun-huangcha)):** Tii wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu ndi mnzake wa gulu la "golide".

**Pomaliza:**

Yúyáo Pùbù Xiānmíng ndi tii amene dzina lake linaperekedwa ndi Lù Yǔ. Tii wamakono ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa 1979, komwe kwakula kukhala magulu anayi, kuchokera ku "singano ya paini" yopindika mpaka "golide" ndi "chipale chofewa" zopindika zochokera ku mitundu ya masamba owala. Onse ndi obiriwira, ndipo chitetezo chimakhazikitsa dzina ku Yúyáo.