---
title: "Yídū yíhóng chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yidu-yihong-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yídū yíhóng chá (宜都宜红茶)

**Idu Yihong Cha** (*Yídū yíhóng chá*, 宜都宜红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira wa mzinda wa Idu (宜都市) m’boma la Yichang m’chigawo cha Hubei. Uwu ndi gawo la boma la yihong, tiyi wakale wofiira wotumiza kunja wa Yichang. Dzinali latetezedwa kuyambira 2014 monga chizindikiro chaulimi chokhala ndi malo, lili m’gulu la mayina 100 oyambirira a mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union, ndipo mu 2025 bungwe la National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) linavomereza kuti ndi malo otetezedwa ndipo linafalitsa zofunikira zatsatanetsatane zake.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*), wokwanira oxidized. Gululi lapatsidwa ndi dzina komanso ukadaulo mu zofunikira za 2025.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa dera la yihong; malo otetezedwa mwalamulo.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, *Húběi*), mzinda wa Yichang (宜昌, *Yíchāng*), mzinda wa Idu (宜都, *Yídū*).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Mzinda wonse wa Idu: matauni a Honghuatao, Gaobazhou, Yaojiadian, Wuyanquan, Niejiahe, Songmuping ndi Zhicheng, dera la Panjiawan-Tujia (潘家湾土家族乡), dera la Wangjiafan ndi komiti ya mumsewu ya Lucheng. Malamulo a ku Ulaya amatchula madera akuluakulu kuti Panjiawan, Wangjiafan ndi Songmuping ndipo amati dera lonselo ndi 1357 km².
* **Ma coordinates:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025, 111°05′47″–111°36′02″ kummawa, 30°05′55″–30°36′00″ kumpoto. Mu malamulo a ku Ulaya malire akumwera ndi ena, 30°20′55″ kumpoto; kusiyana kumeneku sindinathe kukonza.
* **Mayina oyandikana nawo:** Idu ali mkati mwa dera la dzina lalikulu la «宜昌宜红» ndipo lonse lili mkati mwake (111°05′–111°36′ kummawa motsutsana ndi 110°15′–112°04′), choncho masamba omwewo angathe kutulutsidwa mwalamulo pansi pa mayina onse awiri. M’boma lomwelo palinso yihong wachitatu, 五峰宜红茶 wa mzinda wa Wufeng.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Kutchuka kwa boma.** Malamulo a ku Ulaya amakumbutsa kuti Lu Yu (陆羽) m’buku lake lakuti «The Classic of Tea» (《茶经》) anaika tiyi wa Xiazhou (峡州), lomwe lero ndi Yichang, pa malo oyambirira ku Shannan. Uku ndiko kutchuka kwa boma la tiyi, osati tiyi wofiira: panthawiyo anali asanapangidwe.
    * **Pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1800.** Malinga ndi malamulo omwewo, potengera zakale za Idu ndi mbiri ya mabungwe a Hubei, tiyi wofiira ku Idu anayamba kupangidwa pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1800 ndikutumizidwa ku Ulaya.
    * **Mapeto a Qing ndi pambuyo pa 1949.** Ofesi ya China ku European Union imanena kuti kumapeto kwa Qing yihong anali mmodzi mwa tiyi wofiira otchuka kwambiri otumiza kunja m’dziko lonse, ndipo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa People’s Republic of China anakhala kwa zaka makumi ambiri m’gulu loyamba la atatu la gongfu hongcha otumiza kunja ku China pa kuchuluka ndi ubwino.
    * **2014.** Pa 22 May, Unduna wa Zaulimi unateteza «宜都宜红茶» monga malo aulimi (nambala AGI01410); mwiniwake ndi bungwe la yihong la mzinda wa Idu (宜都市宜红茶协会).
    * **Mgwirizano ndi European Union.** «宜都宜红茶» ili pa nambala 87 mu annex III ya mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union pa kuteteza malo otchuka, pakati pa mayina omwe amatetezedwa kuyambira tsiku lomwe mgwirizanowu unayamba kugwira ntchito. Kumasulira kothandizira ndi «Yidu Black Tea»; mu kaundula wa ku Ulaya uwu ndi protected geographical indication ndi dossier PGI-CN-2748.
    * **2025.** Ndi chidziwitso cha CNIPA nambala 640 cha 16 July, dzinali linavomerezedwa kuti ndi malo otetezedwa (mzere 765 wa gulu la 1409). Wopemphayo ndi bungwe lomwelo la boma.
* **Dzina:** «Idu» (宜都) ndi dzina la mzinda; «yihong» (宜红) ndi dzina la tiyi wofiira wa dera lakale la tiyi: zofunikira za 2025 zimalankhula za «dera la tiyi la yihong» (宜红茶区). Dzina lachiwiri, «[宜红工夫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yihong-gong-fu)茶», ofesi ya ku Ulaya amalifotokoza kuti kupanga kumafuna ntchito zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Malinga ndi malamulo, ku Idu panali njira yathunthu ya yihong, kuyambira mbande mpaka kugulitsa ndi kafukufuku.

**3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu:** Zofunikira za 2025 zimatchula mitundu yayikulu kuti 宜红早 (*Yíhóng zǎo*), 鄂茶7号 (*Èchá qī hào*), [乌牛早](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wuniu-zao) (*Wūniú zǎo*) ndi 福鼎大白 (*Fúdǐng dàbái*); pamene minda yayikulu ya mitundu ya m’deralo (本地[群体种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qunti-zhong)) imawonjezeredwa.
* **Masamba atsopano:** Malinga ndi malamulo a ku Ulaya, ndi obiriwira achikasu, oonda, okhala ndi ubweya wochepa, ndipo amakhala ofewa kwa nthawi yayitali.
* **Muyezo wa kututa:** Pa tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri (名优茶, *míngyōuchá*) ndi mphukira umodzi, mphukira ndi tsamba loyamba lotseguka pang’ono kapena mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi. Pa tiyi wamba (大宗茶, *dàzōngchá*) makamaka mphukira ndi masamba awiri, komanso mphukira ndi masamba atatu ndi masamba ofanana ofewa omwe amatchedwa «paired» (对夹叶).
* **Malamulo a kututa:** Kututa kangapo, kusiya masamba ena; mphukira zamphamvu, zapamwamba ndi zapakati kuzitenga, zofooka, zapansi ndi zam’mbali kuzisiya.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hubei. Malinga ndi malamulo, Idu kummawa kumalire ndi Zhijiang, kumwera ndi Songzi, kumadzulo ndi boma la Wufeng, kumpoto ndi boma la Changyang.
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi malamulo, ndi nyengo yachinyezi ya subtropical yapakati, yokhala ndi nyengo zinayi zooneka bwino, mvula yambiri ndi chifunga chochuluka m’zigwa za mapiri; kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 16,7 °C, mvula pafupifupi 1235,4 mm pachaka.
* **Dothi:** Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025, makamaka dothi lachikasu lopangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yosalala ndi dothi lachikasu la carbonate, lomasuka ndi lopumira bwino; pH 4,0–6,5, organic matter yoposa 1,5 %, madzi apansi ozama kuposa 1 m. Malamulo a ku Ulaya amati mitundu iwiri iyi imapanga 90% ya madera a dothi ndipo pH nthawi zambiri 5,0–5,5.
* **Kutalika:** Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawapeza.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025 zimalongosola ukadaulo wa tiyi umenewu.

1.  **Kusintha koyamba:** kuwumitsa pang’ono (萎凋, *wěidiāo*), kukulunga (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), oxidation (发酵, *fājiào*) ndi kuwumitsa (干燥, *gānzào*).
2.  **Kumaliza:** kulandira tiyi wosapsa (毛茶, *máochá*), kusankha mwa magulu, kuphatikiza, kusefa, kudula, kupeta, kusankha ndi dzanja, kuphatikizanso, kuwumitsanso (复火, *fùhuǒ*), kufananitsa gulu lonse ndi kulongedza.

Malamulowa sapereka kutentha, nthawi kapena chinyezi cha masamba.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma:**

Zofunikira za 2025 zimalongosola magawo awiri a tiyi, tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi tiyi wamba.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi owonda olimba ofanana okulungidwa, akuda ndi kunyezimira kwamafuta, okhala ndi nsonga zagolide zooneka bwino (条索紧细且匀齐，乌黑油润显金毫). Tiyi wamba ndi okulungidwa olimba ofanana, akuda ndi kunyezimira.
* **Funiro la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera m’magwero omwe tawapeza.
* **Funiro la madzi:** Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi lolimba ndi lokhalitsa (香气浓郁持久), tiyi wamba ndi loyera. Ofesi ya ku Ulaya imati funiro lake ndi lokoma lofewa (香气嫩甜).
* **Kukoma:** Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi kwatsopano komanso kofewa (滋味鲜醇), wamba ndi wofewa komanso wokhazikika. Ofesi ya ku Ulaya imati ndi yokoma komanso yofewa (滋味甜醇).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi wofiira ndi wowala (汤色红亮), wamba ndi wofiira ndi woonekera bwino. Ofesi ya ku Ulaya imati ndi wofiira wowala kwambiri (汤色红艳).
* **Masamba otsala pambuyo pophika:** Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi ofewa, ofanana, ofiira owala (叶底嫩匀红明); wamba ndi ofiira ofanana pang’ono.

Madzi akazizira, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa ofesi ya ku Ulaya ndi malamulo a ku Ulaya, amapanga «chithaphwi chozizira» (冷后浑, *lěng hòu hún*).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo:**

Miyeso yama physicochemical m’malamulo awiri ndi yosiyana:

| Chizindikiro | Zofunikira za CNIPA, 2025 | Malamulo a ku Ulaya |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | osachepera 11 % | osachepera 10 % |
| Chinyezi | osaposa 6,0 % | osaposa 7 % |
| Zotulutsa | osachepera 30,0 % | osachepera 30 % |
| Ma amino acid (onse) | osachepera 1,7 % | mulibe muyeso |

Izi ndi zochepera za malo otetezedwa, osati kusanthula kwa gulu linalake.

**8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa momwe tiyi umenewu umagwirira ntchito.

**9. Kupanga Tiyi:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–5 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zotengera:** Gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain.
* **Ndondomeko:** Tenthetsa zotengera, kuthira koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 30–60, kenako kuwonjezera nthawi mwapang’onopang’ono; kuthira kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’chotengera chotseka bwino, pamalo owuma opanda kuwala pa kutentha kwapakati, kutali ndi fungo lina.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe tawapeza.

* **Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha malo otetezedwa: chikalatacho chimaperekedwa kwa wopanga yemwe ali m’derali ndi CNIPA pambuyo poyang’aniridwa ndi Hubei Intellectual Property Administration.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa mzinda wa Idu.
    * Musasokoneze ndi yihong wa boma la Yichang kapena 五峰宜红茶: awa ndi mayina ena. Dera la Idu lili mkati mwa dera la 宜昌宜红, ndipo silidutsana ndi boma la Wufeng.

**12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Miyeso ya m’zofunikira za 2025 ndi yokhwima kuposa ya m’malamulo a ku Ulaya, omwe amatengera chitetezo cha 2014: chinyezi ndi chosaposa 6% motsutsana ndi 7%, ma polyphenols ndi osachepera 11% motsutsana ndi 10%, ndipo kwawonjezedwa muyeso wama amino acid.
* Labotale yoyesa tiyi pansi pa chizindikirocho imasankhidwa ndi Hubei Intellectual Property Administration.
* Madera a yihong wa boma ndi wa mzinda ali mkati mwake: tsamba limodzi likhoza kukhala ndi mayina awiri ovomerezeka.

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wina Wofiira:**

* **Yihong Gong Fu (宜红工夫):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa dera la Yichang ndi Enshi; Idu ndi gawo lake la boma lomwe liri ndi chitetezo chake.
* **Wufeng Hongcha ([五峰红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/wufeng-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa mzinda woyandikana nawo wa Wufeng m’boma lomwelo; dzina lake lina lotetezedwa ndi 五峰宜红茶, yihong wa mzinda.
* **Shimen Hongcha ([石门红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shimen-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa gawo la Hunan la dera lakale la yihong.
* **Lichuan Hong ([利川红](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lichuan-hong)):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa chigawo cha Enshi-Tujia-Miao, chakumadzulo kwa Yichang.
* **Qimen Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wa Anhui, poyerekezera.

**Pomaliza:**

Idu Yihong Cha ndi yihong wa mzinda wokhala ndi zolemba zathunthu zachilendo pa malo otetezedwa: mndandanda wa mizinda ndi ma coordinates, mitundu, malamulo a kututa, kasinthidwe koyamba ndi kumaliza, maonekedwe a magawo awiri ndi miyeso ya physicochemical. Tiyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi okulungidwa owonda akuda okhala ndi nsonga zagolide, madzi ofiira owala ndi masamba ofiira owala.