---
title: "Yāshān ruìcǎokuí"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yashan-ruicaokui
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yāshān ruìcǎokuí (鸦山瑞草魁)

**Yāshān Ruìcǎokuí** (*Yāshān ruìcǎokuí*, 鸦山瑞草魁) ndi tiyi wa mbiri yakale wobiriwira wa m’boma la Lángxī (郎溪县) m’tauni ya Xuānchéng kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Ānhuī. Dzinali ndi la ulemu, lochokera m’kaundula wa mabuku: 瑞草 ndi “udzu wabwino,” dzina lakale la tiyi, 魁 ndi “woyamba”; 鸦山 ndi Phiri la Khwangwala m’tauni ya Yáocūn. Dzina lina ndi “横纹,” “mitsempha yopingasa,” malinga ndi mitsempha ya masamba a mtundu wa kumaloko. Tiyiyu anabwezeretsedwa mu 1985–1986, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ndi malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Gululi lakhazikitsidwa ndi chikalata choteteza cha State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA): kufalitsa, kukhazikika, kuwongola ndi kuumba, ndi kuumitsa (摊青、杀青、理条做形、烘焙), popanda kutenthetsa kapena kuthira okosijeni. Chikalatacho chenichenicho chimatcha tiyiyu “绿茶珍品” — ngale ya tiyi wobiriwira.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wa mbiri yakale, wobwezeretsedwa m’zaka za m’ma 1980; malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (CNIPA, 2025). Palibe chizindikiro chaulimi cha malo m’kaundula pa dzinali.
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Ānhuī (安徽, *Ānhuī*), tauni ya Xuānchéng (宣城, *Xuānchéng*), boma la Lángxī (郎溪, *Lángxī*). Mzinda wakale waukulu ndi phiri la Yāshān m’tauni ya Yáocūn (姚村); m’masiku akale malowa anali a boma la Jiànpíng (建平县) — dzina lakale la Lángxī.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Maboma asanu ndi awiri ndi matauni a boma la Lángxī — Yáocūn, Fēilǐ, Língdá, Shízǐ, Bìqiáo, Nánfēng ndi Táochéng.
* **Malo a geographical coordinates:** 119°3′50″–119°20′49″ E, 30°4′47″–31°15′41″ N — malinga ndi chilengezo cha CNIPA. Kufalikira kwa latitude kopitirira digiri imodzi n’kwachilendo kwambiri kwa maboma asanu ndi awiri; mwina pali cholakwika, koma palibe njira yotsimikizira.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Mizere ya Dù Mù.** Mabuku a kumaloko amayambitsa mbiri ndi mizere ya wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Tang Dù Mù (杜牧) “山实东吴秀，茶称瑞草魁” — “mapiri awa ndiye kukongola kwa Eastern Wú, ndipo tiyi amatchedwa woyamba pakati pa udzu wabwino.” Gulu la ndakatulo zakale limapatsa ndakatuloyi mutu “题茶山（在宜兴）” — “Zolemba pa Phiri la Tiyi (ku Yíxīng)”: ndakatulo ya phiri la tiyi la Yíxīng, ndipo mawu akuti “瑞草魁” m’menemo ndi dzina lolemekezeka la tiyi. Mabuku apambuyo pake amamangiriza dzinali ku Yāshān.
    * **Ming.** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya “Xuānchéng Rìbào” (2024), gulu la Ming “Qúnfāng Pǔ” (《群芳谱》) la Wáng Xiàngjìn (王象晋) limalemba za phiri la 丫山 lokhala ndi tiyi wabwino kwambiri kumbali yotentha ya Yángpō (阳坡): okonda tiyi a ku likulu anatcha tiyiyu “鸦山阳城横纹,” dzina lina lake “瑞草魁.” Nyuzipepalayi imagwirizanitsa 丫山 ndi Yāshān m’tauni ya Yáocūn.
    * **Msonkho.** Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, mbiri ya boma la Jiànpíng ya m’nthawi ya Jiājìng (嘉靖) ya Ming imalemba kuti msonkho wakumaloko unaphatikizapo ma jin 25 a tiyi wa mphukira.
    * **Qing.** Nkhani ya “Xīnhuá — Silk Road” imagwira mawu a mbiri ya boma la Xuānchéng ya Qing: pansi pa phiri la Yángpō panali tiyi wabwino wotchedwa “瑞草魁,” wina “横纹.”
    * **Kubwezeretsa.** Malinga ndi wailesi ya Central (央广网, 2025), mu 1979 fakitale ya tiyi ya kumaloko sinapange tiyiyu — ankangodziwa kuchokera ku nkhani za okalamba. Mu 1985, South Anhui Agricultural College (皖南农学院) ndi mabungwe a boma anakhazikitsa gulu lobwezeretsa, ndipo mu July 1986 tiyi wobwezeretsedwa anayesedwa ndi akatswiri.
    * **2000 ndi 2010.** Malinga ndi nkhani ya “Xīnhuá — Silk Road” — kuvomerezedwa ndi China National Tea Museum (2000) ndi golide pampikisano wa Shanghai wa “中国名茶” (2010). Mawu ake onena za “malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo” mu 2011 sakutsimikiziridwa ndi chilengezo cha 2025 kapena kaundula.
    * **2017.** Ukadaulo wopanga unalowa m’ndandanda wachisanu wa choloŵa chosawoneka cha chigawo cha Ānhuī monga “绿茶制作技艺（瑞草魁）.”
    * **2025.** CNIPA ndi chilengezo №632 inavomereza Yāshān Ruìcǎokuí monga malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; boma linakonzekera pempho kuyambira 2024 (Xīnhuá, 18 June 2025).
* **Dzina:** 鸦山 — “Phiri la Khwangwala”; 瑞草 — “udzu wabwino,” dzina la m’buku la tiyi; 魁 — “woyamba.” Mayina ena ndi 鸦山横纹茶, 鸦山茶 ndi 鸦山岩茶.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Mudzi wa Miàoquán (妙泉村) mu 2017 unalowa ndi tiyiyu m’ndandanda wa dziko lonse wa midzi yachitsanzo ya “mudzi umodzi — chimodzi chokha.”

**3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza — mtundu wa kumaloko “鸦山横纹茶种” (*Yāshān héngwén cházhǒng*), mitundu ina ya kumaloko ndi ma clones osankhidwa kuchokera mwa iwo. Malinga ndi wailesi, pa tsamba lake ngodya pakati pa mitsempha yayikulu ndi ya m’mbali ndi yaikulu kuposa yachizolowezi, mawonekedwe ake amawoneka opingasa — kuchokera pamenepo “横纹.”
* **Kufalitsa:** Ndi ma cuttings okhala ndi mphukira ya m’khwapa, odulidwa m’malo opangira.
* **Kukolola:** Malinga ndi chikalata — kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April mpaka pakati pa May, pamanja, “kukweza dzanja” (提手采, *tíshǒucǎi*). Malinga ndi wailesi — kuyambira Qīngmíng mpaka Gǔyǔ; kwa gulu loyamba — mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi, mphukira yaitali kuposa tsamba.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Ānhuī. Yáocūn, malinga ndi nkhani ya “Xīnhuá — Silk Road,” ndi boma lakumwera kwambiri komanso lokhalo lamapiri la boma la Lángxī.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** 20–300 m — malinga ndi chikalata choteteza.
* **Dothi:** Mchenga, makulidwe opitirira 100 cm, pH 5.0–6.5.
* **Nyengo:** Palibe deta m’mabuku opezeka.

**5. Ukadaulo Wopanga:**

Chikalata choteteza chimalongosola magawo anayi.

1.  **Kufalitsa (摊青, *tānqīng*):** M’chipinda chozizira chopumira mpweya, wosanjikiza osapitirira 3 cm, pafupifupi maola 4, ndi kutembenuza pang’ono theka la ola lililonse — mpaka tsamba litaya kuwala kwa sera ndikukhala lofewa.
2.  **Kukhazikika (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Mphika pafupifupi 120 °C, 0.25 kg ya masamba; masamba amaponyedwa ndikugwedezeka, osakanikizidwa, apo ayi amada. Kukonzeka — tsamba lobiriwira lakuda popanda kuwala, fungo la udzu latha, tsinde laling’ono limapindika osathyoka. Gulu loyamba limapita ku kuumitsa nthawi yomweyo, lachiwiri ndi lachitatu — ku kuwongola.
3.  **Kuwongola ndi kuumba (理条做形, *lǐtiáo zuòxíng*):** Mphika 70–80 °C; pafupifupi mphindi 2 tsamba limagwedezeka mpaka chinyezi pafupifupi 40%, kenako amasinthana kuwongola, kugudubuza ndi zikhato ndi kugwedezeka, kusunga tiyi wowongoka komanso wophwanyika pang’ono. Pa chinyezi pafupifupi 25% tiyi amachotsedwa.
4.  **Kuumitsa (烘焙, *hōngbèi*):** Koyamba — pa madengu anayi oumitsira ndi kutentha kutsika 90→80→70→60 °C, mphindi 3–4 lililonse, mpaka tiyi ayambe kubaya dzanja; kenako kuchotsa zolakwika. Kachiwiri — pang’onopang’ono, pafupifupi 60 °C, mpaka kuuma kotheratu.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza.

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Wowongoka, ndi ubweya wooneka bwino, wofanana, “wofanana ndi lupanga lobiriwira” (形似绿剑), wobiriwira wofewa wonyezimira ngati yade (嫩绿透翠).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe kufotokoza kosiyana m’mabuku opezeka.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Oyera, apamwamba ndi otalika (清香高持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kolimbikitsa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (鲜醇爽回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira wofewa, wowonekera ndi wowala (嫩绿清澈明亮).
* **Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa):** Wachikasu wofewa ndi wowala (嫩黄明亮).

Chikalatacho chimawonjezera kuti madzi amayamba kutha pa kutsanulira kwachisanu ndi chimodzi kokha (第6次始淡). Malinga ndi wailesi, mu kapu masamba amaima oongoka, “ngati maluwa a orchid otukuka.”

Chikalatacho chimasiyanitsa magulu anayi — wapamwamba, woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu. Kuchokera wapamwamba kupita wachiwiri ubweya wooneka umakhala wobisika (pa wachitatu sizikunenedwa); kuchokera wapamwamba kupita wachitatu fungo lapamwamba ndi lotalika limakhala laling’ono, madzi ndi pansi kuchokera wobiriwira wofewa ndi wachikasu wofewa — wobiriwira wachikasu, ndipo kukoma kuchokera kwatsopano ndi kubwerera kotsekemera — kokhuthala.

**7. Zomwe Zili M’masamba:**

| Chizindikiro | Mtengo mu chikalata choteteza |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | 18.6% kapena kupitirira |
| Kafeini | 3.9% kapena kupitirira |
| Ma amino acid | 3.9% kapena kupitirira |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6.0% |
| Fumbi | osapitirira 0.5% |
| Phulusa lonse | osapitirira 6.5% |
| Madzi otulutsa | osapitirira 35.0% |

Chikalatacho chimatchulanso mavitamini A, B1, B2 ndi C, popanda manambala. Madzi otulutsa m’menemo ali ndi malire apamwamba; kawirikawiri chizindikirochi chimaperekedwa ndi malire apansi, koma m’malembawo zili choncho.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe deta yotsimikizika yokhudza zotsatira za tiyiyu weniweniyu.

**9. Kuphika:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Zida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali.
    3. Kutsanulira koyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kutsanulira mobwerezabwereza — malinga ndi chikalata, mpaka kasanu kapena kasanu ndi chimodzi.

**10. Kusunga:**

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Kuyika mosindikizidwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zonamizira:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo “鸦山瑞草魁.”
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akuchokera ku maboma asanu ndi awiri ndi matauni a boma la Lángxī.
    * Tsamba — lowongoka, lophwanyika pang’ono, ndi ubweya; madzi — wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowonekera; pansi — wachikasu wofewa.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Malinga ndi nthano yochokera m’ndakatulo za Wáng Zhòngyì (王仲仪), zotchulidwa ndi nyuzipepala, dzina la phiri linaperekedwa ndi akhwangwala omwe ankamwaza mbewu za tiyi: “鸦衔茶子生，遂同山名鸦.”
* Chikalatacho chimalola minda pa kutalika kuyambira 20 m.

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira:**

* **Yángxiàn Xuěyá ([阳羡雪芽](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yangxian-xue-ya)):** Tiyi wa Yíxīng, ku phiri lake, malinga ndi mutu, ndakatulo za Dù Mù zimafotokoza.
* **Jìngtíng Lǜxuě ([敬亭绿雪](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jingting-lu-xue)):** Tiyi wa mbiri yakale wa dera la Xuānchéng, nayenso wobwezeretsedwa m’zaka za zana la 20.
* **Huánghuā Yúnjiān ([黄花云尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huanghua-yunjian)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wowongoka wophwanyika wa Níngguó kuchokera mu chilengezo chomwecho №632.
* **Guǎngdé Huángjīnyá ([广德黄金芽](https://thetea.app/ny/article/guangde-huangjinya)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa Guǎngdé wa dera lomwelo, kuchokera ku mitundu ya masamba achikasu.

**Pomaliza:**

Yāshān Ruìcǎokuí ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa Lángxī wowongoka ngati lupanga lobiriwira, wokhala ndi fungo loyera lapamwamba ndi kubwerera kotsekemera. Zakale zake zimakhazikika pa mawu a m’mabuku, osati onse okhudza iye, zamakono — pa kubwezeretsa kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 ndi chikalata choteteza cha 2025.