---
title: "Yánxīshān báimáojiān"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yanxishan-baimaojian
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yánxīshān báimáojiān (沿溪山白毛尖)

**Yanxishan Baimaojian** (*Yánxīshān báimáojiān*, 沿溪山白[毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/mao-jian)) ndi tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa m’ng’anjo kuchokera kumapiri a Jiufengshan (九峰山) m’boma la Lechang (乐昌市) m’chigawo cha Shaoguan kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Dzinali limatanthauza "nsonga za ubweya woyera zochokera ku Yanxishan": "ubweya woyera" pano ndi maonekedwe a masamba a tiyi a ubweya, osati gulu loyera. Kuyambira 2009, ameneyu ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; chikalata choteteza chimafuna mtundu wa Lechang Bai Mao Cha ndi kuumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha. Dzina lotetezedwa ndi "沿溪山白毛尖" basi: dzina la mtundu wa "[乐昌白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/lechang-bai-maocha)" silina lembedwe m’kaundula wa CNIPA ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Mu 2023, tiyi wa mtundu wa "雾翔" adalandira mphotho ya golide pa mpikisano wa chigawo wa "粤茶杯".

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*), woumitsidwa m’ng’anjo (烘青绿茶, *hōngqīng lǜchá*). Chikalata choteteza sichitchula dzina la gulu, koma chimakhazikitsa njira ya tiyi wobiriwira: kukhazikitsa, kupota, kuumitsa kawiri ndi mpweya wotentha, popanda kuphika kwa okosijeni. Pa mpikisano wa 2023 adawalembetsa ngati tiyi wobiriwira ("…绿茶").
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wobiriwira wa Guangdong; mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2009). Chidziwitso cha chitetezo chili m’kaundula wa mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo wa State Intellectual Property Office ya China (CNIPA).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), mzinda wa Shaoguan (韶关, *Sháoguān*), boma la Lechang (乐昌, *Lèchāng*). Nyuzipepala ya "Yangcheng Wanbao" imatchula madera akuluakulu olima tiyi ku Lechang ngati matauni a Qingyun (庆云), Dayuan (大源), Jiufeng (九峰) ndi dera la Yanxishan.
* **Malo otetezedwa:** Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha 2009, ndi mapiri a Jiufengshan (九峰山脉) m’boma la Lechang. Chidziwitsochi sichipereka mndandanda wa matauni. Malowa ndi a tiyi wa Yanxishan Baimaojian, osati wa tiyi wonse wa mtundu wa Lechang Bai Mao Cha: mtunduwo, malinga ndi magazini ya "Nongchanpin Shichang Zhoukan", unabweretsedwanso ku Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan ndi Anhui. Malo otetezedwa amakhazikitsidwanso ndi muyezo wamba wa DB4402/T 01-2020; malemba ake sanapezeke m’magwero.
* **Ma coordinates a malo:** Pafupifupi 25° kumpoto ndi 113° kummawa, mwachidule, malinga ndi malo a Lechang.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Lu Yu ndi Shaozhou.** Nyuzipepala ya "Yangcheng Wanbao" (2024) ikukumbutsa kuti "Cha Jing" cha Lu Yu (陆羽) chimatchula Shaozhou (韶州) pakati pa madera a tiyi a Lingnan. Zolemba za "枢室" m’phanga la Xishiyan (西石岩) ku Lechang, magwero am’deralo amaziyika kwa Lu Yu.
    * **Msonkho.** Nyuzipepala yomweyo, powerengera mbiri ya boma la Lechang, imalemba kuti kuyambira nthawi ya Tang, tiyi ameneyu anali msonkho kwa nyumba yachifumu. Sindinawone mbiri ya boma limenelo; sindinapezenso umboni wina.
    * **"Guangdong Xinyu".** Nyuzipepala imagwira mawu a Qu Dajun (屈大均): "乐昌有白毛茶，茶叶微有白毛，其味清凉" (Ku Lechang kuli tiyi wa ubweya woyera, tsamba lake liri ndi ubweya pang’ono, kukoma kwake kumaziziritsa).
    * **1933.** Kufotokozera kwachidziwitso kumagwira mbiri ya boma la Lechang ya 1933: tiyi wa ubweya woyera amamera m’mapiri aakulu, dzina lake lachokera ku ubweya woyera pa tsamba, "味清而香" (kukoma koyera ndi kununkhira), ndipo wabwino kwambiri ndi wa mapiri a Yaoshan.
    * **1993–2008.** Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwachidziwitso: 1993, kulembetsa chizindikiro cha "雾翔"; 2004, udindo wa "green product" wa gulu A; 2003, 2005 ndi 2007, mphotho zoyambirira pa mpikisano wadziko lonse wa "中茶杯" wa China Tea Society; 2008, "chizindikiro chodziwika cha chigawo cha Guangdong".
    * **2009.** Bungwe la General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ndi chidziwitso cha No. 60 cha pa 11 June 2009 chinateteza Yanxishan Baimaojian ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; zowonjezera pa chidziwitsocho zimakhazikitsa mtundu, malo, kuthyola, njira ndi mtundu wa ubwino. Dzina lotetezedwa ndi la tiyi womalizidwa; mtundu wa Lechang Bai Mao Cha watchulidwa m’zowonjezera ngati chuma chokha.
    * **2020.** Bungwe la Shaoguan Market Supervision Administration (韶关市市场监督管理局) likutsogolera muyezo wamba wa DB4402/T 01-2020 "地理标志产品 沿溪山白毛尖": wofalitsidwa 26 November 2020, ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 26 December 2020, wongolangiza. Wopanga ndi Yanxishan Tea Farm (乐昌市沿溪山茶场有限公司). Malinga ndi kufotokozera m’kaundula wa miyezo yamba, umakhazikitsa malo otetezedwa, kubzala ndi kukonza, ubwino, njira zoyezera ndi kulemba.
    * **April 2023.** Pa mwambo ku Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lechang adalengeza dzina ndi logo ya chizindikiro cha malo a "乐昌白毛茶". Lipoti la "Nanfang+" la pa 24 April 2023 limawerengera kuti makampani a tiyi a Lechang ali ndi mankhwala amodzi okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, ndipo Lechang amatchedwa malo a chigawo a kupanga bwino kwa chakudya chapadera cha "沿溪山白毛尖". "乐昌白毛茶" pano ndi dzina la chizindikiro, osati dzina lotetezedwa.
    * **2023.** Pa mpikisano wa XV wa chigawo wa ubwino wa tiyi wa "粤茶杯", "雾翔沿溪山白毛尖绿茶" adalandira mphotho ya golide.
* **Dzina:** "Yanxishan" (沿溪山) ndi "phiri m’mphepete mwa mtsinje", dzina la malo; "bai mao" (白毛) ndi ubweya woyera; "jian" (尖) ndi nsonga, lakuthwa.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** "Yangcheng Wanbao" imatchula tiyi ngati imodzi mwa "makhadi a Shaoguan", pamodzi ndi Qujiang Luokeng Cha ndi Renhua Baimao Cha. Dzina la "沿溪山" lili m’gawo la mbiri la Digital Museum of Old Brands (老字号) la Unduna wa Zamalonda.

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Chuma:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Lechang Bai Mao Cha (乐昌白毛茶) ndilo funso lokhalo la chikalata choteteza pa mtundu. "Yangcheng Wanbao" imatchula mtundu uwu ngati wadziko lonse. Magazini ya "Nongchanpin Shichang Zhoukan" (2018) imalemba kuti dzina la mtunduwo linapatsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1940 ndi pulofesa wa Agricultural Institute wa Sun Yat-sen University, yemwe ankafufuza tiyi ku Lechang, kuti asasokoneze ndi mitundu ina; mu 1965 adalimbikitsidwa kukhala m’gulu la mitundu 21 yabwino kwambiri m’dziko, ndipo mu March 1985 unduna wa zaulimi, ziweto ndi usodzi unavomerezanso kuti ndi mtundu wadziko lonse. Kufalitsa, malinga ndi chikalata, kumachitika ndi cuttings.
* **Maonekedwe a tsamba malinga ndi kufotokozera:** Mphukira ndi zokhuthala, tsamba ndi lobiriwira komanso lolimba, masamba amatseguka pang’onopang’ono ndipo amakhalabe ofewa kwa nthawi yayitali.
* **Muyezo wa kuthyola:** Malinga ndi chikalata, kuchokera ku mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka lokha mpaka mphukira ndi masamba atatu oterowo; mphukira zonse, mwatsopano, zoyera, zopanda tsinde, zipatso ndi masamba akale. Amathyola ndi kukokera m’mwamba; kung’amba mphukira ndi kuzigwira ndi dzanja lonse chikalata chimaletsa.
* **Nthawi ya kuthyola:** Malinga ndi chikalata, March ndi April.

**4. Malo Abwino ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

Zofunika pa malo zikuchokera ku chikalata choteteza. Nyengo ndi dothi zafotokozedwa mu magazini ya "Nongchanpin Shichang Zhoukan" (2018) ndi pamasamba ofotokozera; manambalawa sali mu chikalata.

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Jiufengshan kumpoto kwa Guangdong, dongosolo la mapiri a Nanling; kumadzulo kuli mtsinje wa Wujiang (武江).
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** 400–800 m, monga momwe ziliri mu chikalata choteteza; m’mapiri, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mankhwala, pali nsonga 99 pamwamba pa 1000 m.
* **Nyengo:** Kutentha kwapakati pachaka 16.6 °C, mvula 1596.5 mm pachaka, 80% yake m’nyengo ya March mpaka September; chinyezi cha 80%; kusiyana kwa kutentha usana ndi usiku mpaka 10 °C; masiku opitilira 100 a chifunga pachaka, ndipo m’masika chifunga chimachitika pafupifupi tsiku lililonse.
* **Dothi malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mankhwala:** Lofiira ndi lachikasu, wosanjikiza wa organic pafupifupi 20 cm, makulidwe onse pafupifupi 80 cm, organic matter m’wosanjikiza wapamwamba wopitilira 3%, nitrogen wopitilira 0.1%, pH pafupifupi 5.1.
* **Malo ndi ntchito zaulimi malinga ndi chikalata:** Mphepete mwa phiri osapitirira 25°, dothi lachikasu kapena lofiira, pH 4.5–6.5, wosanjikiza osachepera 55 cm, organic matter osachepera 2.0%. Kubzala mu February kapena November, osapitirira 75,000 zitsamba pa hekitala mu mzere umodzi ndi 90,000 mu mizere iwiri; osachepera 2.5 t wa feteleza wa organic pa hekitala pachaka.

**5. Njira ya Kupanga:**

Chikalata choteteza chimakhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi zina mwa zigawo:

1.  **Kugawa tsamba latsopano (摊放, *tānfàng*):** Wosanjikiza osapitirira 15 cm, maola 8–12, kugwedera pang’onopang’ono maola atatu aliwonse.
2.  **Kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*):** Mu makina a drum osalekeza.
3.  **Kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*):** Mopepuka, kufikira mizere.
4.  **Kuuma koyamba (毛火, *máohuǒ*):** Ndi mpweya wotentha pa 115–125 °C.
5.  **Kuzizira ndi kugawa chinyezi (摊凉回潮, *tānliáng huícháo*).**
6.  **Kuuma komaliza (足火, *zúhuǒ*):** Ndi mpweya wotentha pa 90–100 °C.

Amaumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha, osati m’potulo, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "烘青". Chikalata sichipereka miyezo ya chinyezi cha tiyi womalizidwa.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona:**

Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza:

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Mphukira zonse, zothiranafuta, zobiriwira zonyezimira, zokutidwa ndi ubweya (外形肥壮、色泽绿润、茸毫披露).
* **Kununkhira kwa tsamba louma:** Palibe deta m’magwero opezeka.
* **Kununkhira kwa madzi:** Kwatsopano ndi kolemera (清新馥郁).
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kolimbikitsa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (鲜爽回甘).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wobiriwira wofewa, wowala (嫩绿明亮).
* **Masamba otayira (pansi):** Pa mtundu wapadera, wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala; pa woyamba, wobiriwira ndi wowala; pa wachiwiri, wobiriwira wachikasu.

Mitundu malinga ndi chikalata:

| Mtundu | Maonekedwe ndi kukoma |
| :--- | :--- |
| Wapadera (特级) | Wobiriwira wofewa, mu ubweya; kununkhira koyera, kolemera, kosatha; kukoma kwatsopano; madzi ndi pansi wobiriwira wofewa, wowala |
| Woyamba (一级) | Wobiriwira wonyezimira, ubweya wowoneka; kununkhira kosatha kwa chestnut; kukoma kwatsopano ndi kofewa |
| Wachiwiri (二级) | Wobiriwira wachikasu; kununkhira koyera; kukoma kofewa; madzi ndi pansi wobiriwira wachikasu |

**7. Zophatikiza za Thupi:**

Zofunikira za physicochemical za chikalata choteteza:

| Chizindikiro | Muyezo |
| :--- | :--- |
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | 25–37 % |
| Ma catechins | 18–22 % |
| Caffeine | 3–5 % |
| Ma amino acid | osachepera 2 % |
| Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi | osachepera 38 % |

Palibe deta ya zophatikiza za magulu enieni m’magwero opezeka.

**8. Ubwino wa Thupi:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zochita za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kuwira:**

Zochita zoyenera kwa tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Kapu yagalasi, momwe tsamba la ubweya limawonekera, kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi pambali.
    3. Kuwiya koyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya madzi ena.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Bwerezani kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Zochita zoyenera. M’paketi yotsekedwa, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonama:**

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonama:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Icho chikugwira ntchito ku dzina la "沿溪山白毛尖"; m’kaundula wa ogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha CNIPA pa September 2026, pa mankhwalawa pali kampani imodzi yokha, 乐昌市沿溪山茶场有限公司.
    * Zolemba za "乐昌白毛茶" zokha sizitanthauza chitetezo. M’nkhokwe ya zidziwitso za CNIPA za mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo pali zikalata 537 za 2005–2026, ndipo dzinali likupezeka kamodzi kokha, monga mtundu m’zowonjezera za chidziwitso cha 2009 No. 60. M’kaundula wa ogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha CNIPA palibenso. Palibe deta ya kulembetsa dzinali m’kaundula wa Agricultural Geographical Indications (AGI) wa unduna wa zaulimi kapena ngati chizindikiro cha malonda ndi chizindikiro cha malo m’magwero opezeka.
    * Tsimikizirani kuti tiyi ndi wa mapiri a Jiufengshan m’boma la Lechang.
    * Tsamba ndi lonse, lobiriwira lonyezimira, la ubweya; madzi ndi obiriwira wofewa ndi owala.
    * Musasokoneze ndi tiyi wina wa ubweya woyera wa Shaoguan: Renhua Baimao Cha ali ndi chitetezo chake (chidziwitso cha AQSIQ 2014 No. 96), ndipo "乐昌白毛茶" ndi dzina la mtundu ndi chizindikiro cha dera.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Malinga ndi nthano yomwe "Yangcheng Wanbao" imafotokoza, mfumu Qianlong (乾隆) paulendo wake ku Jiangnan adadwala matenda a kutentha ndipo adachira ndi madzi amphamvu a tiyi wa ubweya woyera wa kuno; anthu am’deralo mwachisangalalo amatcha Yanxishan Baimaojian "tiyi wa mfumu" (皇帝茶). Iyi ndi nthano, osati umboni wa zochita za tiyi.
* Mbiri ya boma la 1933, monga momwe tawonera m’kufotokozera, idatchula tiyi wa mapiri a Yaoshan ngati wabwino kwambiri.
* Mwa tiyi atatu a Shaoguan okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, omwe nyuzipepala imatchula, awiri ndi a ubweya woyera: Yanxishan Baimaojian ndi Renhua Baimao Cha.
* Chitetezo cha tiyi ndi dzina la mtundu zimasokonezedwa ngakhale ndi magwero am’deralo: mu 2021, njira ya "Shaoguan Fabu" (韶关发布) pa nsanja ya "Nanfang+" idatchula "乐昌白毛茶" ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Kaundula wa CNIPA satsimikizira izi: dzina limodzi lotetezedwa ndi "沿溪山白毛尖".

**13. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wa ubweya woyera ndi wa Guangdong:**

* **Lechang Bai Mao Cha (乐昌白毛茶):** Mtundu wa boma lomwelo ndi dzina la chizindikiro cha dera la Lechang, dzina ndi logo ya chizindikirocho zidalengezedwa mu April 2023; kuchokera ku mtundu uwu amapanga tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira. Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza, Yanxishan Baimaojian amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, koma monga mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, dzina la "乐昌白毛茶" silili m’kaundula wa CNIPA.
* **Renhua Baimao Cha ([仁化白毛茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/renhua-baimao-cha)):** Kuchuluka kwa ubweya woyera kwa boma loyandikana la Renhua; kuchokera kwake amapanga tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira.
* **Renhua Yin Hao ([仁化银毫](https://thetea.app/ny/article/renhua-yin-hao)):** Tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa m’ng’anjo kuchokera ku boma lomwelo la Renhua.
* **Xindong Cha ([新垌茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xindong-cha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Guangdong wokhala ndi kuumitsa komaliza m’potulo, kusiyana ndi kuuma m’ng’anjo.

**Pomaliza:**

Yanxishan Baimaojian ndi tiyi wobiriwira woumitsidwa m’ng’anjo kuchokera kumapiri a Jiufengshan, kumene, malinga ndi chikalata choteteza, minda ili pa 400–800 m, ndipo chifunga, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mankhwala, chimakhala masiku opitilira zana pachaka. Kuchokera kwa iye amayembekezera tsamba lathunthu la ubweya, madzi obiriwira ofewa, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kubwerera kotsekemera, ndipo kwa mtundu woyamba, kununkhira kwa chestnut. Mawu oti "woyera" m’dzina lake amatanthauza ubweya pa mphukira, osati gulu. Ndipo dzinali ndi lotetezedwa: "乐昌白毛茶" ndi dzina la mtundu umene tiyi amapangidwa, osati dzina lina la chizindikiro chomwecho.