---
title: "Yāntái chá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yantai-cha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yāntái chá (烟台茶)

**Yantai Cha** (*Yāntái chá*, 烟台茶) ndi dzina lalikulu la tiyi wa chigawo cha mzinda wa Yantai (烟台市) pa chilumba cha Shandong, m'chigawo cha Shandong. Dzinali ndi toponym yokha ndi liwu lodziwika bwino la "cha", popanda kutchula gulu: limaphimba tiyi wa chigawo chonse, kuyambira madera akumwera mpaka chigawo cha zilumba cha Changdao. Zofunikira pa malonda zimasiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya mawonekedwe, tiyi wathyathyathya, wopota ndi wonga singano; mwa mawonekedwe onse atatu ndi obiriwira, koma gulu silinatchulidwe mu chikalata. Derali lili pakati pa 36°16′ ndi 38°23′ kumpoto kwa latitude, ndi limodzi mwa madera a tiyi akumpoto kwambiri ku China. Dzinali linalembedwa monga chizindikiro cha geographical indication chaulimi mu 2021, ndipo mu 2025 linavomerezedwa monga malonda ndi geographical indication.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Gulu silinatchulidwe mu zofunikira za malonda. Mitundu itatu yofotokozedwa, yathyathyathya (扁形茶), yopota (卷曲形茶) ndi yonga singano (针形茶), ndi ya mtundu wa emerald, imvi yobiriwira kapena yobiriwira, ndi madzi obiriwira, kutanthauza kuti mwa mawonekedwe ndi tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Gawo la teknoloji lomwe lingatsimikize gululo silinapezeke mu chikalata.
* **Gulu:** Dongosolo lalikulu la chigawo; tiyi wakumpoto kwa China, wochokera ku pulogalamu ya "Tiyi wakumwera kupita kumpoto" (南茶北引, *nán chá běi yǐn*).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Shandong (山东, *Shāndōng*), chigawo cha mzinda wa Yantai (烟台, *Yāntái*).
* **Dera lotetezedwa:** Zigawo khumi ndi zisanu, mizinda yachigawo ndi madera apadera a chigawo: zigawo Zhifu (芝罘), Laishan (莱山), Fushan (福山), Muping (牟平) ndi Penglai (蓬莱), zone ya chitukuko cha zachuma, zone ya teknoloji yapamwamba, mizinda Longkou (龙口), Laizhou (莱州), Zhaoyuan (招远), Qixia (栖霞), Laiyang (莱阳) ndi Haiyang (海阳), chigawo cha Changdao (长岛) ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe a Kunyushan (昆嵛山). Mmenemo muli maboma 154, matauni ndi makomiti a misewu.
* **Malo a geographical coordinates:** 119°34′–121°57′ kum'mawa ndi 36°16′–38°23′ kumpoto.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Nthano ya tiyi wakale.** Mafotokozedwe am'deralo amayambitsa mbiri ya tiyi ku Yantai kuchokera kumapeto kwa Southern Song, kumayambiriro kwa Yuan. Palibe zikalata zomwe zingatsimikizire izi zomwe zapezeka m'magwero.
    * **1966.** Malinga ndi "Yantai Forestry Chronicle" (烟台林业志) monga momwe mafotokozedwe am'deralo amanenera, kusamutsa tiyi kumpoto kunayamba mu 1966; mbewu zinabwera kuchokera ku Anhui ndi Zhejiang.
    * **1978.** Kuchuluka kwapamwamba kwa zaka zimenezo kunali 132,450 kg. Mafotokozedwe ena am'deralo, akutchula mbiri yomweyo, amapereka zina: kuyesa kobzala bwino mu May 1963 ndi kuchuluka mu 1977, 187,750 kg. Kusagwirizana kumeneku sindinathe kukonza.
    * **1985.** Mindandanda ya tiyi inatsala pafupifupi ma mu 600, ndipo ntchitoyi inatsala pang'ono kutha.
    * **2004.** Kubwezeretsa tiyi wobiriwira kunayamba mokulira; madera akulu anali Haiyang, Laiyang, Penglai, Muping ndi Laizhou. Malinga ndi zolemba zam'deralo, Haiyang amakhala pafupifupi 80% ya malo.
    * **2021.** Unduna wa Zaulimi unalemba Yantai Cha m'ndandanda woyamba wa geographical indications waulimi wa 2021 (nambala AGI03358).
    * **2025.** Bungwe la National Intellectual Property Administration, ndi chidziwitso No. 646, linavomereza Yantai Cha monga malonda ndi geographical indication. Wopempha ndi Yantai City Tea Society (烟台市茶叶学会).
* **Dzina:** "Yantai" (烟台) ndi dzina la mzinda, kutanthauza "nsanja ya utsi"; "cha" (茶) ndi tiyi.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Tiyi pano ndi wachinyamata ndipo amadalira chithunzi cha tiyi wa kumpoto kwa nyanja. Zofunikira pa malonda zimatsimikizira ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe, "wobiriwira wakuda wa jade, madzi amtundu wa phala la mapira, fungo la nyemba" (墨玉绿、小米汤、豆子香).

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Mu zofunikira za malonda, mtundu umatchulidwa mophweka kuti "tiyi wa Yantai". Atolankhani am'deralo amalemba za mtundu woyamba wopangidwa ku Yantai, Beicha 1 (北茶1号, *Běichá 1*): malinga ndi kufotokozera kwawo, umachokera ku Fuding Dabai ndi gulu la Longjing, unalembedwa mu registry ya boma ya mitundu mu 2019 ndipo umapirira chisanu mpaka −18 °C. Izi ndi mawu a mafotokozedwe am'deralo; sindinawone mayesero.
* **Kukolola:** Ndi manja okha (人工采摘). Palibe nthawi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu zofunikira.
* **Mulingo wa kukolola:** Sunaperekedwe mu zofunikira.
* **Zofunikira pa zopangira:** Chiyambi kuchokera m'dera lotetezedwa. Zofunikira zimafotokozanso kasamalidwe: feteleza wa organic, 1 tani pa mu, asanadzalidwe mbande (mu chikalata chiri "移摘", tanthauzo lake ndi kusamutsa); feteleza wapadera wa tiyi, matani 1.5 pa mu, m'nyengo yozizira; kuthirira kokha mwa drip, 10,15 nthawi pa nyengo; kudula kokonza pambuyo pa kubzala ndi kudula kwapachaka malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba; kupaka ndi lime-sulfur decoction.

**4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Shandong, gombe la nyanja; dera limayenda kupitirira madigiri awiri a latitude, kuchokera ku Haiyang kumwera mpaka zilumba za Changdao kumpoto.
* **Nyengo:** Mafotokozedwe am'deralo amatcha nyengo yake ya nyanja, ndi dzuwa lotentha komanso chirimwe chozizira malinga ndi miyezo ya kumpoto, ndipo amatsindika kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku. Palibe zolemba zenizeni za nyengo zomwe zapezeka m'magwero.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Sikunatchulidwe mu zofunikira.
* **Dothi:** pH kuchokera 5.6 mpaka 7.5, organic matter pafupifupi 1.26%, dothi lapansi limayenda bwino madzi. Zofunikira zimalemba phosphorus, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, chitsulo, zinc ndi selenium m'dothi, popanda kuchuluka kwake.

**5. Teknoloji ya Kupanga:**

Palibe gawo la teknoloji mu zofunikira za malonda, kungowonekera kwa mitundu itatu. Atolankhani am'deralo amafotokoza kukazinga kwa manja pa 180,200 °C komwe kumatenga mphindi zopitirira makumi anayi, ndipo kutulutsa pafupifupi ma liang awiri a tiyi wouma kuchokera pa jin imodzi ya masamba atsopano; sikunatchulidwe kuti zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ati.

Kwa tiyi wobiriwira, monga mitundu yonse itatu ikuwonekera, ndondomeko yodziwika ya gulu ndi iyi: kufowoka (摊放, *tānfàng*), kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*), kupanga mawonekedwe, mwa kukanikiza mu mphika kwa tiyi wathyathyathya, kupota kwa wopota, kuwongola kwa wonga singano, ndi kuumitsa (干燥, *gānzào*). Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika ya gulu, osati kufotokozera teknoloji ya Yantai Cha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Ndondomeko yaikulu ya zofunikira: masamba ndi obisika, fungo ndi lalitali, kukoma ndi kwakukulu, tiyi umapirira kuthira madzi kambiri (叶片厚、香气高、滋味浓、耐冲泡).

* **Mawonekedwe a masamba owuma:**
    * Tiyi wathyathyathya, wathyathyathya ndi wowongoka, wosalala ndi watsopano, wobiriwira wa emerald (扁平挺直、光滑鲜润、色泽翠绿).
    * Wopota, kupota kochepa kapena kolimba, kokhazikika ndi kolimba, wobiriwira wachisanu ndi chisanu (灰绿起霜).
    * Wonga singano, wolimba, wochepa, wozungulira, wowongoka, wobiriwira, ndi ubweya woyera.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe mafotokozedwe omwe apezeka m'magwero.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Kwa wathyathyathya, lalikulu, lalitali ndi lokhazikika (浓郁悠长); kwa wopota, loyera, lalitali ndi lokhazikika (清高而持久); kwa wonga singano, loyera ndi lalitali (清高). Ndondomeko yaikulu imatchula fungo la nyemba.
* **Kukoma:** Kwa wathyathyathya, kofewa ndi kodzaza (醇厚); kwa wopota, kwakukulu, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (浓醇而回甘); kwa wonga singano, kofewa ndi kogwirizana (醇和).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Kwa wathyathyathya, wobiriwira wa emerald ndi wowala (碧绿明亮); kwa wonga singano, wowonekera bwino, wobiriwira wowala (清澈、绿亮); kwa wopota sikunatchulidwe padera.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa):** Kwa wathyathyathya, achimodzi, masamba amatseguka monga mphukira zonse (匀齐成朵); kwa wopota, wobiriwira wofewa ndi wolimba (嫩绿而厚实); kwa wonga singano, wolimba, wofewa ndi wachimozi (肥嫩、匀齐).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical:**

Zofunikira za physicochemical pa malonda:

| Chizindikiro | Chofunika |
| :--- | :--- |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6 g/100 g |
| Phulusa lonse | osapitirira 7 g/100 g |
| Zinthu zochotsedwa | osachepera 37 % |
| Zing'onozing'ono ndi fumbi | osapitirira 0.5 % |
| Tea polyphenols | osachepera 14 % |
| Ma amino acid aulere (pa kulemera kowuma) | osachepera 4 % |
| Caffeine | osachepera 2 mg/kg (monga momwe chilili mu chikalata) |

Izi ndi malire ovomerezeka, osati kapangidwe koyezedwa. Malire a caffeine alembedwa mu milligrams pa kilogalamu, kwa tiyi ichi ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri, ndipo mwina uniti yalembedwa molakwika; ndikulemba monga momwe ilili. Mafotokozedwe am'deralo amanena kuti ma amino acid ndi zinthu zochotsedwa mu tiyi wa Yantai ndi zambiri kuposa tiyi wakumwera, koma sindinawone zolemba zofananitsa ndi njira yake.

**8. Zopindulitsa Zaumoyo:**

Palibe zolemba zotsimikizika za zotsatira za tiyi woterewu.

**9. Kupanga:**

Njira yodziwika ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira: mwa mawonekedwe mitundu yonse itatu ndi yobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80,85 °C; kwa tiyi wopota wolimba, mpaka 90 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Kapu yagalasi kwa tiyi wathyathyathya ndi wonga singano, gaiwan yoyera kwa wopota.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa chotengeracho.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndi kuthira madzi motsatira khoma.
    3. Kupanga koyamba, masekondi 40,60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kubwereza katatu kapena kanayi: zofunikira zimatsindika kuti tiyi umapirira kuthira madzi kambiri.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira yodziwika ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. M'matumba otsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0,5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe zolemba za mitengo zomwe zapezeka m'magwero.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical indication; dzina lalikulu silitchula mawonekedwe, choncho onani mawonekedwe omwe ali m'paketiyo.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali m'gulu la zigawo khumi ndi zisanu za chigawo cha Yantai.
    * Fananizani mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira: wathyathyathya, wobiriwira wa emerald ndi wosalala, wopota, wobiriwira wachisanu ndi chisanu, wonga singano, wowongoka, ndi ubweya woyera.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Malire akumpoto a dera ndi 38°23′ N, zilumba za chigawo cha Changdao.
* Malo osungira zachilengedwe a Kunyushan akuphatikizidwa m'dera lotetezedwa.
* Tiyi ku Yantai anayambika kawiri: kusamutsa kwa 1966 kunatha pofika 1985, mpaka ma mu 600, ndipo kubwezeretsa kunayenera kuyambika mu 2004.
* Dzina limodzi lalikulu limaphimba mitundu itatu ya masamba, yathyathyathya, yopota ndi yonga singano.

**13. Kufanizira ndi tiyi ena a Shandong:**

* **Yantai Lü Cha ([烟台绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yantai-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo chomwecho ndi cholembedwa chosiyana, chochepa; tili ndi nkhani yake. Kumeneko ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe imamveka mosiyana, "wobiriwira wakuda wa jade, fungo la nyemba zokazinga, madzi amtundu wa amber". Yantai Cha ndi dongosolo lalikulu la tiyi wa chigawo chonse, ndipo mayina awiriwa sangafanane.
* **Laoshan Lü Cha ([崂山绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/laoshan-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Laoshan pafupi ndi Qingdao, kumwera kwa chilumbacho.
* **Rizhao Lü Cha ([日照绿茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/rizhao-lucha)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Rizhao kumwera kwa Shandong.

**Pomaliza:**

Yantai Cha ndi dzina lachigawo la tiyi wakumpoto kwa nyanja: zigawo khumi ndi zisanu za chigawo, kuchokera ku Haiyang mpaka zilumba za Changdao, mitundu itatu ya masamba ndi ndondomeko imodzi yodziwika, masamba obisika, fungo lalitali, kukoma kwakukulu. Gulu silinatchulidwe mu malongosoledwe opezeka, ngakhale kuti mwa mawonekedwe mitundu yonse ndi yobiriwira. Mbiri ndi yaifupi komanso yosagwirizana: kusamutsa kwa 1966, kutha pofika 1985, kubwezeretsa kuyambira 2004, chizindikiro cha 2021 ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa 2025.