---
title: "Yánpíng gòngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/yanping-gongcha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Yánpíng gòngchá (延平贡茶)

**Yanping Gongcha** (*Yánpíng gòngchá*, 延平贡茶) — "tiyi Yamfumu ya Yanping", tiyi ya chigawo cha Yanping (延平区) mu mzinda wa Nanping kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Fujian. Dzinalo limanena za msonkho wa m'Nyengo ya Song: buku lofotokozera likunena kuti kale m'zaka za Yuanfeng (1078–1085) tiyi wa kuno ankatumizidwa ku nyumba ya mfumu. Masiku ano ichi ndi chizindikiro cha geographic certification cha 2024 — chizindikiro chatsopano kwambiri cha tiyi m'boma la Nanping — ndipo katundu m'menemo walembedwa ngati oolong. Dzina lachiwiri lakale la tiyiyu ndi "banyan cha", "tiyi wa theka la thanthwe", potengera malo ake pa phiri la Mangdangshan.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Oolong (乌龙茶, *wūlóngchá*) — momwe katundu wa chizindikiro walembedwera mu mndandanda wa chigawo. Dzinalo lenileni ("tiyi yamfumu") silinena za gulu, ndipo buku lofotokozera likunena kuti kuyambira m'Nyengo ya Ming ku Yanping ankapanga tiyi wobiriwira, tiyi wofiira, ndi oolong.
* **Gulu:** Tiyi yakale yamsonkho ya kumpoto kwa Fujian; mtundu wapagulu wa chigawo ndi chizindikiro cha geographic certification (2024).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, *Fújiàn*), mzinda wa Nanping (南平, *Nánpíng*), chigawo cha Yanping (延平, *Yánpíng*); malo akale kwambiri — tawuni ya Mangdang (茫荡镇, *Mángdàng zhèn*).
* **Malo a chizindikiro:** Mndandanda wa chigawo umatchula chigawo cha Yanping — umenewu ndi udindo wa mwini chizindikiro. Buku lofotokozera limati malo onse a chigawo; malire a malamulo sindinawone.
* **Ma coordinates a geographical:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokozera — 26°15′–26°52′ kumpoto, 117°50′–118°40′ kummawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:** Pansipa pali mfundo za buku lofotokozera zomwe zimatchula mabuku akale; sindinafufuze magwero oyambirira.
    * **Northern Song.** Kufotokozera kwa geographical mu "Taiping Huanyu Ji" (《太平寰宇记》) kumatchula mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya tiyi ya dera la Nanjianzhou (南剑州), lomwe masiku ano ndi Yanping: 白乳, 金字, 蜡面, 骨子, 山挺 ndi 银字. M'zaka za Yuanfeng tiyi wa derali, malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, anali kale msonkho; "History of Song" (《宋史》) imanena za maboma asanu okhala ndi zokolola zosachepera ma jin zikwi khumi. Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) mu "Zolemba pa Kubwerera ku Minda" (《归田录》) analemba kuti tiyi "wachitsulo" amachokera ku Jianjin.
    * **Mkangano ndi Beiyuan.** Buku lofotokozera limapereka mzere wa nduna ya m'Nyengo ya Song Huang Shang (黄裳): «莫道南芽非北苑，须知山脉是东溪» — musanene kuti mphukira zakummwera si za Beiyuan: mapiri awo ndi omwewo ndi a Dongxi.
    * **Ming ndi Qing.** "Ba Min Tongzhi" (《八闽通志》) ya m'Nyengo ya Ming, malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, imalemba: «茶，各县俱有，出延平半岩者尤佳» — tiyi imapezeka m'maboma onse, koma yabwino kwambiri ndi ya theka la thanthwe la Yanping. Mbiri ya boma la Nanping imayika kukula kwa tiyi wa kuno ku zaka za Xianfeng ndi Tongzhi (1851–1874).
    * **Zaka za m'ma 1900.** Kumayambiriro kwa Republic, malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, ntchito ya tiyi inagwa chifukwa cha zonyenga, zosakaniza, ndi nkhondo, ndipo inayambiranso pambuyo pa 1949.
    * **2024.** Malinga ndi mndandanda wa chigawo, chizindikiro № 65341509 chinalembetsedwa pa 13 February 2024; buku lofotokozera limatchula 14 February, ndipo nkhani za chigawo zinalengeza za kulembetsa mu March. Mwini wake — Center for Agricultural Technology Extension ya chigawo cha Yanping (南平市延平区农业技术推广中心), katundu — oolong.
    * **Cholowa.** Buku lofotokozera likunena kuti luso lachikhalidwe la Yanping Gongcha lalembedwa mu ndandanda wakhumi wa cholowa chosagwira chakuthupi cha mzinda wa Nanping.
* **Dzina:** 延平 — dzina la chigawo; 贡茶 (*gòngchá*) — "tiyi yamsonkho", tiyi yomwe ankapereka ku nyumba ya mfumu.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Chigawocho chikumanga mtundu wapagulu pa dzinali: malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, makampani khumi ndi awiri am'dera lanu amanyamula tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro chophatikiza "延平贡茶 + mtundu wawo", ndipo pamachitika "mpikisano wa mfumu wa tiyi" ndi chikondwerero cha kuyamba kukolola ndi mwambo wa "kuitana phiri".

**3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mitundu / Cultivars:** Mndandanda wa mitundu wa chizindikiro sunapezeke m'magwero omwe anapezeka. Buku lofotokozera limatchula zitsanzo zopambana za oolong ya Yanping kuchokera ku mitundu Rou Gui ([肉桂](https://thetea.app/ny/article/rou-gui), *ròuguì*) ndi Shuixian ([水仙](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shui-xian), *shuǐxiān*) pa mpikisano wa 2021–2022.
* **Nkhokwe ya majini:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, m'chigawochi mwakhazikitsidwa malo otetezedwa a chigawo a nkhokwe yamtengo wapatali ya chitsamba cha tiyi "延平贡茶", ndipo kafukufuku ndi kusonkhanitsa mitundu yakumaloko akuchita ndi Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University ndi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
* **Muyezo ndi nthawi yokolola:** Palibe zomwe zinapezeka m'magwero.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Kumpoto kwa Fujian, mapiri ozungulira Nanping. Malo akale kwambiri — "theka la thanthwe" (半岩, *bànyán*) la phiri la Mangdangshan (茫荡山): buku lofotokozera limayika malo a munda wakale pafupi ndi mudzi wa Junzhu-Bankan (筠竹半坎村), pakati pa njira ya "Masitepe zikwi zitatu mazana asanu ndi atatu" (三千八百坎) m'nkhalango yotetezedwa ya boma ya Mangdangshan.
* **Kutalika:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, minda ili makamaka pa 600–800 m; minda yatsopano ya chilengedwe imakhazikitsidwa pa 650–1000 m.
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi buku lofotokozera — nyengo yofewa ndi yachinyontho ya kumapiri kwapakati pa subtropical monsoon: kasupe woyambirira ndi autumn mochedwa, chirimwe chachitali ndi nyengo yozizira yochepa, nyengo yamvula yodziwika, chifunga pafupipafupi ndi mphepo yochepa, kusiyana kowoneka ndi kutalika.
* **Dera:** Malinga ndi zomwe boma linanena m'buku lofotokozera — pafupifupi 7200 mu yaminda ndi kuposa 500 t wa tiyi pachaka; ndondomeko ya chigawo — 10,000 mu pofika 2025.
* **Dothi:** Palibe zomwe zinapezeka m'magwero.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro ndi ukadaulo sindinawone. Buku lofotokozera limafotokoza nthawi ziwiri.

* **Ukadaulo wa "matabwa" wa m'Nyengo ya Song (kufotokozera kwanthawi zonse):** masamba ankatenthedwa ndi nthunzi, kusinjidwa kukhala phala, kukanikizidwa kukhala makeke ndi bowo pakati, kuyanika ndi kulumikiza khumi ndi angapo pa chingwe; pambuyo pake kuchokera ku tiyi "yosinjidwa" iyi kunachokera tiyi "wachitsulo" (蜡面茶, *làmiànchá*).
* **Ukadaulo wamakono wachikhalidwe:** buku lofotokozera limatchula mmenemo kufalitsa masamba (摊青, *tānqīng*) ndi kutenthetsa (烘焙, *hōngbèi*) ndipo likuti ntchito imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi minda yoposa makumi awiri ya chigawocho. Ndondomeko yathunthu ndi miyeso mulibe.

Kwa oolong, ndondomeko yodziwika ndi iyi: kufota, kugwedeza ndi kusunga masamba (做青, *zuòqīng*) ndi oxidation yochepa, kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*), kupota (揉捻, *róuniǎn*), kuyanika ndi kutenthetsa. Uwu ndi dongosolo lachigulu, osati kufotokozera ukadaulo wa Yanping Gongcha.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

Buku lofotokozera limafotokoza kukoma ndi ndondomeko imodzi: fungo lalitali lokhazikika, kukoma kokwanira kofewa, kutsekemera ndi kupirira madzi ambiri (高香持久、滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡). Sindinawone chikalata cha chizindikiro chofotokoza maonekedwe.

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka m'magwero.
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka m'magwero.
* **Fungo la tiyi:** Lalitali ndi lokhazikika (高香持久).
* **Kukoma:** Kokwanira ndi kofewa, kotsekemera, kupirira madzi ambiri (滋味醇厚、甘甜耐泡).
* **Mtundu wa tiyi:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka m'magwero.
* **Masamba pambuyo pa kukonza:** Palibe kufotokozera komwe kunapezeka m'magwero.

**7. Zomwe Zili M'kamwa:**

Zomwe zilipo za physical ndi chemical sizinapezeke m'magwero. Buku lofotokozera likunena kuti malinga ndi kusanthula, tiyi ya phiri la Mangdangshan siyotsika kuposa ya Wuyishan pa chinyezi, phulusa, fiber, polyphenols ndi caffeine, koma silipereka manambala kapena njira; sindikuvomereza izi ngati zoona.

**8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo:**

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wa zotsatira za tiyi iyi yeniyeni.

**9. Kukonza Tiyi:**

Njira ya gulu la oolong.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 95–100 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 5–7 g pa gaiwan ya 100–110 ml.
* **Zida:** Gaiwan kapena teapot ya Yixing.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsa zida.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Sakani mwachangu masamba ndi madzi otentha ndikuthira.
    4. Kutentha koyamba — masekondi 15–20.
    5. Thirirani m'makapu kudzera m'chahai.
    6. Kutentha sikisi kapena asanu ndi atatu ndikuwonjezera nthawi pang'onopang'ono.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya gulu. M'matumba otsekedwa bwino, pamalo ouma ozizira amdima, kutali ndi fungo.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe zomwe zinapezeka pamtengo m'magwero.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographic certification "延平贡茶" (№ 65341509).
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa chigawo cha Yanping.
    * Musasokoneze ndi Beiyuan Gongcha ([北苑贡茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/beiyuan-gongcha)): geographical indication yokhala ndi dzinali ndi ya mzinda wa Jian'ou, ndipo Yanping sali m'dera lake.
    * Kumbukirani kuti "gongcha" ndi mawu ofala m'maina a tiyi ndipo palokha satsimikizira chiyambi.

**12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa:**

* Mu nyuzipepala ya chigawo m'chilimwe cha 2024 kunanenedwa kuti "北苑贡茶（延平焙）" — "tiyi yamsonkho ya Beiyuan yotenthetsedwa ku Yanping" — m'chaka chomwecho inalandira chizindikiro cha geographic certification cha boma ndi udindo wa cholowa chosagwira chakuthupi cha Nanping; nyuzipepala inanenanso za ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito chizindikirochi. Mu mndandanda wa zizindikiro za chigawo pa 30 June 2026 palibe chizindikiro chosiyana chokhala ndi dzinali, ndipo chizindikiro chokha cha tiyi cha chigawocho ndi "延平贡茶" ya 2024. Kaya maina awa alumikizidwa ngati mtundu ndi chizindikiro, sikutheka kutsimikizira ndi zolemba zomwe zinapezeka.
* Geographical indication "北苑贡茶", yovomerezedwa ndi CNIPA mu 2025, imangokhudza mzinda wa Jian'ou; Yanping sali m'dera lake.

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Zina:**

* **Jian'ou Shuixian Cha ([建瓯水仙茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jian-ou-shuixian-cha)):** Oolong ya m'dera loyandikana la Jian'ou, kumene kunali munda wachifumu wa Beiyuan; ndi tiyi ya Beiyuan yomwe nduna ya m'Nyengo ya Song Huang Shang anayerekezera nayo tiyi ya Yanping.
* **Shaxian Hongbian Cha ([沙县红边茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/shaxian-hongbian-cha)):** Oolong ya chigawo cha Shaxian choyandikana; mu "History of Song" Shaxian imatchulidwa pakati pa maboma omwe ankapereka tiyi ku dera la Nanjianzhou.
* **Rou Gui (肉桂):** Mtundu wa oolong, zitsanzo zake zinapambana pa mpikisano.
* **Shui Xian (水仙):** Mtundu wakale wa oolong wa kumpoto kwa Fujian, nawonso m'modzi wa opambana.

**Pomaliza:**

Yanping Gongcha ndi dzina lokhala ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi ndi chitetezo chatsopano kwambiri: msonkho wa m'Nyengo ya Song, "theka la thanthwe" la phiri la Mangdangshan, kugwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndi chizindikiro cha 2024 chokhala ndi katundu "oolong". Za maonekedwe amasiku ano zolemba zimangokhala chete — buku lofotokozera limangopereka ndondomeko ya "fungo lalitali lokhazikika, kukoma kokwanira kotsekemera, madzi ambiri" — ndipo ubale ndi mtundu wa "北苑贡茶（延平焙）" umakhalabe funso lotseguka.