---
title: "Xiùshān máojiān"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xiushan-maojian
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xiùshān máojiān (秀山毛尖)

**Xiùshān Máojiān** (*Xiùshān máojiān*, 秀山[毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/mao-jian)) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Xiushan Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous County (秀山土家族苗族自治县) kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Chongqing, kuchokera m’minda ya m’mapiri a Wulingshan. Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imamufotokoza ngati tiyi wophikidwa mwachikhalidwe m’chikho chachitsulo (炒青, *chǎoqīng*): zopindika zolimba zokhala ndi fungo lowoneka bwino la mtedza wachinyamata wa chestnut, madzi achikasu-obiriwira owala, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kofewa. Kuyambira pa 28 December 2018, dzinali limatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha certification chachigawo, ndipo luso la kulima ndi kupanga, malinga ndi tsamba la chigawo, ndi chikhalidwe chosagwirika cha cholowa cha mzinda. Boma la Chongqing limatcha chigawochi malo aakulu kwambiri opangira tiyi mu mzindawu, ndipo Xiùshān Máojiān ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya malonda a boma a Chongqing. Asiyanitse ndi [秀山茶叶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xiushan-chaye) (*Xiùshān cháyè*, "tiyi wa Xiushan"): pansi pa dzina limeneli tiyi wa m’chigawo chomwecho anavomerezedwa ngati malonda okhala ndi geographical indication mu 2025, mwa kulembetsa kosiyana ndi zofunikira za malonda zomwe zimasiyana ndi zofotokozera za boma za Xiùshān Máojiān.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, *lǜchá*). Sindinaone chikalata cha chizindikiro chokhala ndi gulu; gulu latsimikiziridwa kuchokera ku luso la zofotokozera ziwiri za boma. Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imalemba kuti tiyi amapangidwa ndi luso lachikhalidwe la kuwotcha m’chikho chachitsulo (传统炒青工艺). Boma la chigawo patsamba la cholowa chosagwirika limalemba magawo awa: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuumitsa pang’ono, kuumitsa; palibe gawo la oxidation pamndandandawu, ndipo limatcha mwachindunji Xiùshān Máojiān kukhala wosankhidwa pakati pa tiyi wobiriwira (为绿茶中的精品).
* **Gulu lapadera:** Tiyi wobiriwira wopindika wa mtundu wa "máojiān"; chizindikiro cha certification chachigawo (2018).
* **Chiyambi:** China, mzinda wapakati wa Chongqing (重庆, *Chóngqìng*), Xiushan Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous County (秀山, *Xiùshān*).
* **Dera:** Sindinaone malire amalamulo a dera la chizindikiro; magwero amalankhula za minda ya m’chigawo m’mapiri a Wulingshan. Madera aakulu a luso lachikhalidwe, malinga ndi boma la chigawo, ndi matauni a Hong’an (洪安镇) ndi Zhongling (钟灵镇) ndi mudzi wa Haiyang (海洋乡). Dera la dzina loyandikana nalo 秀山茶叶, lomwe ndi ma townships 11 ndi midzi 109, lafotokozedwa m’zofunikira zake zomwe za chitetezo ndipo silikugwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha 秀山毛尖.
* **Mkhalidwe wa chitetezo:** Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imalemba 秀山毛尖 kukhala geographical indication kuyambira pa 28 December 2018 ndipo imasunga khadi lake m’gawo la zizindikiro za gulu ndi certification. Mtundu wa chitetezo umatsimikiziridwa ndi lipoti la nyuzipepala ya "Chongqing Daily" (2023), lomwe linasindikizidwanso ndi komiti yaulimi ya Chongqing: mu 2018, "秀山毛尖" monga chizindikiro cha boma cha tiyi wa Xiushan chinalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha certification chachigawo (地理标志证明商标). Sindinapeze nambala ya chizindikiro kapena mwiniwake; sindinayang’anenenso ngati kulembetsa kukugwirabe ntchito. Boma la Chongqing (2022), pagawo la tiyi, limatchula kuti chigawochi chili ndi geographical indications ziwiri pakati pa zizindikiro za "两品一标", osazitchula; chofalitsa chomwecho chimatchulanso padera ndi geographical indication yaulimi ya 秀山[金银花](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jinyinhua) (2010), choncho sitingaganize kuti zizindikiro zonse ziwiri ndi za tiyi kuchokera pamalembawa.
* **Ubale ndi 秀山茶叶:** Ili ndi dzina lina lotetezedwa, osati dzina lachiwiri la chizindikiro chomwecho. National Intellectual Property Administration ya China, pa chidziwitso nambala 640 (cholembedwa pa 16 July 2025, chofalitsidwa pa 13 August 2025), idavomereza 秀山茶叶 kukhala malonda okhala ndi geographical indication; wopempha ndi Agricultural Technical Service Center wa chigawo (秀山土家族苗族自治县农业技术服务中心). Zofunikira za chitetezo cha 秀山茶叶 zimalongosola malonda mosiyana ndi zofotokozera za boma za Xiùshān Máojiān: mitundu ya 福鼎大毫 ndi 蜀永1号, minda kuyambira 700 m, masamba osachepera 70% a mphukira za masika za "bud ndi masamba awiri", kuumitsa mu chowumitsira (烘干). Zofotokozera za boma za Xiùshān Máojiān zimalankhula za mabud kapena bud ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri, mitengo yakale ya zaka zana ya mtundu wa Sichuan wa masamba aang’ono, ndi chikho chachitsulo, pamene Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imalankhula za minda pamwamba pa 800 m. Sindinaone malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha 秀山毛尖, kumene zofunikira za malonda pansi pa chizindikirocho zimalembedwa, choncho kufananitsa kumachitika ndi zofotokozera za boma, osati ndi chikalata cha chizindikiro. "Chongqing Daily" imatcha 秀山毛尖 chizindikiro cha boma cha tiyi wa Xiushan, koma kuchokera pamenepo sikutanthauza kuti chizindikiro cha 2018 ndi chizindikiro cha 2025 zimateteza malonda omwewo. Kaya mwini chizindikiro cha 秀山毛尖 ndi wopempha wa 秀山茶叶 ndi yemweyo, sikutheka kutsimikizira kuchokera m’magwero opezeka.
* **Malo ogwirizira:** Pafupifupi 28.4° N ndi 109.0° E (pakati pa chigawo). Magwero onse amayika Xiushan mu "golden tea belt ya 30th parallel"; chigawo chili kum’mwera kwambiri, choncho ichi n’chabe slogan osati malo enieni.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Mbiri yoyambirira.** Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imayika Xiushan m’dera la "巴山峡川", "mapiri a Ba ndi zigwa za mitsinje", zomwe zatchulidwa mu "Cha Jing" (《茶经》). Malinga ndi zomwe zimalembedwa, m’minda yotsalira kuchokera kwa olamulira otengera choloŵa a tusi (土司) ku Xiushan, mpaka pano pali mitengo ya tiyi ya zaka mazana angapo.
    * **Zolemba zakale za dera.** Malinga ndi tsamba la chigawo lonena za cholowa chosagwirika, mu Eastern Han, m’zaka za Jian’an, madera a Xiushan anali mbali yakum’mwera ya chigawo cha Fuling (涪陵郡), ndipo "Huayang Guo Zhi" (《华阳国志》) imalemba kuti chigawochi chinkapereka tiyi, cinnabar, varnish, uchi ndi sera. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ming mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Qing, tiyi, malinga ndi malembawa, unali chinthu chachikulu chamalonda cha kusinthanitsa kwa Xiushan ndi oyandikana nawo. Iyi ndi mbiri yamba ya tiyi wa Xiushan, osati ya dzina la Xiùshān Máojiān.
    * **Msonkho kwa bwalo lachifumu: mitundu iwiri.** Malinga ndi boma la Chongqing (2022), kumapeto kwa Ming ndi kumayambiriro kwa Qing, tiyi wa Xiushan 猛董茶, 民主茶 ndi 尖山茶 analembedwa m’ndandanda wa tiyi wamsonkho. Chofalitsa cha 2017 patsamba la China Radio International (kusindikizanso kwa nyuzipepala ya "Jingji Ribao"), mawu a komiti yaulimi ya chigawo, amatchula nthawi ina ndi dzina lina: kumapeto kwa Qing, wamsonkho anali 猛洞茶, ndipo panali mwambi woti "mpunga wa dou umodzi pa jin imodzi ya tiyi" (斗米换斤茶). Kaya mtundu uti ndi wolondola, sikutheka kutsimikizira kuchokera m’magwero opezeka. Boma la chigawo patsamba la cholowa chosagwirika limachirikiza deti la kumapeto kwa Qing, koma silitchula dzina la tiyi.
    * **2015.** Chigawo chinayamba kupanga tiyi pamlingo waukulu pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la "kampani yopanga kuphatikiza ndi malo oyambira kuphatikiza ndi mafamu a alimi".
    * **2018.** Xiushan inakhala woyamba ku Chongqing kukhazikitsa malipiro othandizira tiyi wa nthawi yachilimwe ndi yopukutira: mpaka pamenepo, masamba a chilimwe ndi a m’dzinja, malinga ndi chofalitsa, sanali kutengedwa kapena kukonzedwa. Chaka chomwecho, chigawo chinamanga malo oonetsera otumiza tiyi kunja, ndipo pa 28 December Xiùshān Máojiān anakhala geographical indication.
    * **2021.** Chigawo chinalandira udindo wa dziko lonse wa "malo okongola otchedwa kumwa tiyi a zigawo zapadera"; chigawo chomwecho ndi Xiùshān Máojiān adalowa pa ndandanda wa "ma counties zana, tiyi zana ndi anthu zana" ku China.
    * **Cholowa chosagwirika.** Patsamba la chigawo, "Luso la kulima ndi kupanga la Xiùshān Máojiān" (秀山毛尖栽培与制作技艺) limalembedwa ngati chinthu cha cholowa chosagwirika cha mzinda. Chaka cholowetsedwa sichinatchulidwe pamenepo.
* **Dzina:** 秀山 (*Xiùshān*) ndi dzina la chigawo; 毛尖 (*máojiān*) ndi "nsonga za ubweya", dzina lodziwika bwino la tiyi wobiriwira wopindika kuchokera ku mphukira zazing’ono zokhala ndi ubweya.
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Chigawo chimapanga kukwezedwa kwake mwa njira ya "geographical indication kuphatikiza ndi chizindikiro cha kampani": Xiùshān Máojiān ndi dzina lachigawo, pansi pake pamatuluka mitundu ya makampani a m’deralo. Boma la Chongqing limatcha Xiùshān Máojiān kukhala imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya malonda a boma a mzinda.

**3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Boma la chigawo limatcha masamba abwino kwambiri a Xiùshān Máojiān kukhala masamba a mitengo ya mtundu wa Sichuan wa masamba aang’ono (川小[叶种](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qiaomuguanmu), *chuān xiǎoyè zhǒng*) ya zaka zoposa zana. Ponena za malonda a tiyi a m’chigawo chonse, chofalitsa cha 2017 chimalemba kuti mitengo yakale ya Sichuan ya masamba aang’ono (川小叶) inakonzedwanso ndipo mitundu ya 福鼎大白茶, 黄金茶 ndi [金观音](https://thetea.app/ny/article/jin-guanyin) inayambitsidwa. Boma la Chongqing (2022) limatchula malo oberekera a "mitundu yabwino ya tiyi ya Wulingshan" (武陵山良种茶叶繁育场), koma silitchula mitundu. Zofunikira za chitetezo cha dzina loyandikana nalo 秀山茶叶 zimapereka mitundu ina: 福鼎大毫 ndi 蜀永1号.
* **Zopangira:** Mabud (芽头), monga momwe Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imalembera powerengera zotuluka za tiyi (gawo 12). Boma la chigawo limalongosola zopangira zachikhalidwe mokulirapo: mphukira zosankhidwa za "bud ndi tsamba limodzi" kapena "bud ndi masamba awiri" (一叶一芽, 两叶一芽).
* **Kukolola:** Nyengo yokolola tiyi m’chigawo, malinga ndi boma la Chongqing, imachokera m’mwezi wa March mpaka October, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Kwa Xiùshān Máojiān wachikhalidwe, boma la chigawo limatchula nthawi pafupifupi ya Qingming ndi Guyu (清明, 谷雨), ndiko kuti pafupifupi April.
* **Mulingo wokolola:** Sindinaone chikalata chovomerezeka cha chizindikiro chokhala ndi mulingo wokolola. Zofotokozera ziwirizi zimasiyana: ku Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration, mabud; ku boma la chigawo, bud ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Mapiri a Wulingshan kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Chongqing.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** Pamwamba pa 800 m, malinga ndi Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration. Boma la chigawo limalemba mosiyana: minda yachikhalidwe ili m’madera otsika ndi apakati a mapiri, pa kutalika kwa 500–800 m. Kwa dzina loyandikana nalo 秀山茶叶, zofunikira za chitetezo zimapereka kutalika kuyambira 700 m.
* **Nyengo:** Malinga ndi Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration, m’nyengo yozizira ndi yachisanu kumakhala chifunga chochuluka, m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja mitambo (冬春多雾，夏秋多云); minda ili kutali ndi mzinda.
* **Dothi:** Palibe chidziwitso m’magwero opezeka.
* **Nkhalango ndi tiyi:** Boma la chigawo limalongosola dongosolo lokhazikika, momwe tiyi amakula pamodzi ndi nkhalango (林-茶复合农业生态系统): pamwamba pa minda pali nkhalango, pansi pali minda ya mbewu, mitsinje ndi midzi. Malinga ndi iwo, nkhalango imasungira chinyezi cha minda, ndipo minda imapereka zakudya kwa iyo.
* **Dera la minda:** Malinga ndi boma la Chongqing (2022), m’chigawo muli mahekitala 183,000 a minda ya tiyi. Pamenepo palinso makampani 44 opanga tiyi ndi mabungwe ogwirira ntchito 66.

**5. Luso la Kupanga:**

Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imalongosola gawo lalikulu motere: masamba okololedwa amaikidwa m’chikho chachikulu chachitsulo chotentha ndikuwotchedwa pang’onopang’ono pamoto wochepa, ndipo mmisiri amawatembenuza ndi manja onse awiri, "monga taijiquan", kuti tsamba lililonse litenthedwe mofanana. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumabwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu. Magwero sapereka magawo a kutentha, nthawi kapena chinyezi.

Boma la chigawo patsamba la cholowa chosagwirika limalemba magawo a luso lachikhalidwe:

1.  **Kusefa ndi sieve (筛分, *shāifēn*).**
2.  **Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放, *tānfàng*).**
3.  **Kukhazikitsa (杀青, *shāqīng*).**
4.  **Kuzizira (摊凉, *tānliáng*).**
5.  **Kupotoza koyamba (初揉, *chūróu*).**
6.  **Kuumitsa pang’ono (烘二青, *hōng èrqīng*).**
7.  **Kupotoza kachiwiri (复揉, *fùróu*).**
8.  **Kuswa mipira (解块, *jiěkuài*).**
9.  **Kupanga mawonekedwe (做形, *zuòxíng*).**
10. **Kuumitsa (干燥, *gānzào*).**

Chida chachikulu cha luso lachikhalidwe, malinga ndi tsamba lomwelo, ndi chikho chachitsulo chamoto wa nkhuni (柴火铁锅).

**6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic:**

Zofotokozera ziwiri za boma, za Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration ndi boma la chigawo, zimafanana pafupifupi:

* **Maonekedwe a masamba owuma:** Zopindika zolimba (条索紧密), malinga ndi Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration. Boma la chigawo: masamba olimba ofanana (紧结匀整) a mtundu watsopano wobiriwira wa emerald (色泽鲜润翠绿).
* **Fungo la masamba owuma:** Fungo lowoneka bwino la mtedza wachinyamata wa chestnut (嫩栗香显), malinga ndi Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration, m’chiganizo chimodzi ndi maonekedwe a masamba owuma.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Boma la chigawo: fungo lalitali, loyera komanso loyera, ndi kamvekedwe kakang’ono ka chestnut (香气高长纯正、栗香高). Sizinatchulidwe ngati ndi masamba owuma kapena madzi.
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsekemera ndi kosalala (鲜醇甘滑), monga momwe magwero onse akulembera.
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Wachikasu, wobiriwira, wowala (黄绿明亮), monga momwe magwero onse akulambera.
* **Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ophikidwa):** Wobiriwira wachinyamata, wofanana (嫩绿均匀); boma la chigawo limawonjezera kuti ndi wonyezimira (明亮).

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration imapereka kuchuluka kwa polyphenols a tiyi, koma popanda njira, maziko a kuwerengera kapena zitsanzo, ndipo chiwerengerocho sichigwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimadziwika bwino za tiyi wobiriwira. Sindichisintha. Palibe zina za physicochemical m’magwero opezeka. Malire a zofunikira za chitetezo cha dzina loyandikana nalo 秀山茶叶 (zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi 38.0–50.0%, polyphenols 13.0–24.0%, amino acid 1.8–4.5%, caffeine 1.8–4.0%) adapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi malonda amenewo ndipo sagwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha 秀山毛尖.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe chidziwitso chotsimikiziridwa cha zotsatira za tiyi umenewu.

**9. Kuphika:**

Njira ya m’kalasi la tiyi wobiriwira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 80–85 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chida:** Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
* **Njira:**
    1. Tenthetsa chida.
    2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa chida.
    3. Mphukira yoyamba, pakapita masekondi 40–60.
    4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
    5. Onjezerani madzi.
    6. Kubwereza kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.

**10. Kusunga:**

Njira ya m’kalasi. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

**11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga:**

Palibe chidziwitso cha mitengo m’magwero opezeka. Boma la Chongqing limalemba kuti tiyi wa Xiushan ndi "wabwino komanso wotchipa" ndipo chigawocho chakhala zaka zambiri kupanga tiyi mwakupanga kwa mitundu ina.

* **Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:**
    * Yang’anani chizindikiro cha geographical indication "秀山毛尖" pa paketi.
    * Musasokoneze ndi chizindikiro cha malonda okhala ndi geographical indication "秀山茶叶": ndilo dzina lina lotetezedwa lomwe liri ndi zofunikira zake.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa m’chigawo cha Xiushan.
    * Masamba ndi opindika olimba, fungo ndi la mtedza wachinyamata wa chestnut, madzi ndi achikasu-obiriwira owala.

**12. Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Pa jin imodzi (500 g) ya tiyi wouma, monga momwe Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration amawerengera, pamafunika pafupifupi mabud 50,000, ndiye kuti wokolola amadula mphukira kawirikawiri.
* Pakati pa mphoto, boma la Chongqing (2022) limatchula mphoto yapadera yagolide ya mpikisano wa "Zhongcha Bei" (中茶杯).
* Lipoti la "Chongqing Daily" (2023) patsamba la komiti yaulimi ya Chongqing limatchula dzina lotchulidwa la chigawo: "ndi phazi limodzi m’zigawo zitatu" (一脚踏三省).

**13. Kufananitsa ndi Tiyi Ogwirizana:**

* **Tiyi wa Xiushan (秀山茶叶, *Xiùshān cháyè*):** Dzina loyandikana nalo lotetezedwa la m’chigawo chomwecho, lomwe ndi malonda okhala ndi geographical indication kuyambira 2025. Zofunikira zake za chitetezo zimalongosola tiyi wobiriwira wopindika kuchokera ku mphukira za masika za "bud ndi masamba awiri", wouma mu chowumitsira: zopindika zowonda zokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa ndi chonyezimira chachikasu-obiriwira, fungo lokhazikika loyera, kukoma kwatsopano kolimba, madzi achikasu-obiriwira owala.
* **Gǔzhàng Máojiān ([古丈毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/guzhang-mao-jian)):** Tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo cha Guzhang mu Xiangxi Tujia ndi Miao Autonomous Prefecture ku Hunan, wochokera m’mapiri a Wulingshan.
* **Xìnyáng Máojiān ([信阳毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/xinyang-mao-jian)):** Máojiān wa Henan, mmodzi mwa tiyi akuluakulu obiriwira a China.
* **Dūyún Máojiān ([都匀毛尖](https://thetea.app/ny/article/douyun-mao-jian)):** Máojiān wodziwika wa Guizhou.
* **Yǒngchuān Xiùyá ([永川秀芽](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yongchuan-xiu-ya)):** Tiyi wina wodziwika wobiriwira wa Chongqing.

**Pomaliza:**

Xiùshān Máojiān ndi tiyi wobiriwira wowotchedwa m’chikho chachitsulo wa mapiri a Wulingshan kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Chongqing: zopindika zolimba, fungo la mtedza wachinyamata wa chestnut, madzi achikasu-obiriwira ndi kukoma kwatsopano kofewa. Kumbuyo kwake kuli malo aakulu kwambiri opangira tiyi a mzinda, chizindikiro cha certification cha 2018, luso lovomerezedwa ngati cholowa chosagwirika, ndi mwambo umene magwero amaukweza ku tiyi wamsonkho wa nthawi yakumapeto kwa ufumu, ngakhale masiku ndi mayina amasiyana. Dzina loyandikana nalo 秀山茶叶 ndi kulembetsa kosiyana kwa 2025 ndi zofunikira zina, osati dzina lachiwiri la tiyi umenewu.