---
title: "Xīngǎng hóngchá"
url: https://thetea.app/ny/article/xingang-hongcha
lang: ny
updated: 2026-10-04
source: THE TEA — encyclopedia of Chinese tea (https://thetea.app)
---
# Xīngǎng hóngchá (新岗红茶)

**Xingang Hongcha** (*Xīngǎng hóngchá*, 新岗红茶) ndi tiyi wofiira wa m’tauni ya Qiashui (洽水镇) m’boma la Huaiji (怀集县) m’chigawo cha Zhaoqing kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Guangdong. Mtima wa kupanga kwake ndi nkhalango ya boma ya Xingang m’munsi mwa phiri la Dachouding, lomwe ndi lalitali kwambiri m’chigawochi, 1626 m. Mu ukadaulo wake muli magawo khumi ndi limodzi, ndipo awiri mwa iwo — kukulunga munsalu ndi kuwotcha kuti afungo limveke — anachokera ku sukulu ya ulong; madzi a tiyi amatuluka ndi fungo lomveka bwino la maluwa ndi zipatso. Kuyambira 2018, tiyi amatetezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo, ndipo Qiashui mwini mabuku am’deralo amatchula kuti ndi umodzi mwa midzi khumi ya tiyi ku Guangdong.

**1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi:**

* **Mtundu:** Tiyi wofiira (红茶, *hóngchá*); gulu limatchulidwa m’dzina, ndipo “Minsheng Zhoukan” amatchula mwachindunji kuti ndi tiyi wothira mphamvu zonse (全发酵茶).
* **Gulu:** Tiyi wofiira wa kumapiri wa Guangdong; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2018).
* **Chiyambi:** China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, *Guǎngdōng*), mzinda wa Zhaoqing (肇庆, *Zhàoqìng*), boma la Huaiji (怀集县, *Huáijí Xiàn*), tauni ya Qiashui (洽水镇, *Qiàshuǐ Zhèn*). Dera lotetezedwa ndi **dera lomwe lilipo tsopano la tauni ya Qiashui**.
* **Malo a geographical coordinates:** Boma la Huaiji pafupifupi 23,9° kumpoto ndi 112,2° kummawa.

**2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe:**

* **Mbiri:**
    * **Mudzi wa Chayan.** Malinga ndi nthano ya m’deralo yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi magazini ya m’deralo, zaka mazana angapo zapitazo kumpoto kwa Qiashui kunali mudzi wa Chayan (茶岩村, “thanthwe la tiyi”), wozunguliridwa ndi mapiri odzala ndi tiyi wa kuthengo. Anthu amakhala ndi tiyi: ankasankha mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndi kuibzala. Palibe zolemba zokhudza chiyambi cha ulimi wa tiyi m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
    * **Xianfeng — tiyi wa asilikali.** Malinga ndi “Mbiri ya Boma la Huaiji” (《怀集县志》) monga momwe magazini yomweyi imafotokozera, m’mwezi wa khumi wachisanu ndi chinayi cha Xianfeng gulu la asilikali a Taiping linalowa ku Huaiji, linamanga msasa m’mudzi wa Chayan ndipo linatenga tiyi wa mudziwo kuti ugwiritse ntchito kwa asilikali.
    * **1956 — nkhalango ya boma.** Malinga ndi magazini yomweyi, akuluakulu a Zhaoqing adapatula dera la Xingang loposa 100,000 mu ndikukhazikitsa nkhalango ya boma ya Xingang. Pamalo omwewo, mothandizidwa ndi ndalama zakunja, kampani yaulimi idakhazikitsidwa yomwe idasintha ukadaulo wa m’deralo ndipo imapanga tiyi wofiira wa Xingang ndi ulong wa mtundu wa dongding (冻顶). Pofika kumayambiriro kwa kusintha, magazini imalemba kuti Xingang Hongcha anali wodziwika kale.
    * **2016–2017 — mphotho.** Malinga ndi magazini ya m’deralo, mu 2016 tiyi adalandira satifiketi ya “chinthu chobiriwira” (绿色食品) ndi golide pa mpikisano wa autumn wa tiyi otchuka a Guangdong m’gulu la tiyi wofiira, ndipo mu 2017 analandira siliva pa mpikisano wa spring ndi dzina la “chizindikiro chodziwika cha chigawo cha Guangdong” (广东省名牌产品).
    * **2018.** Ndi chilengezo cha 2018 nambala 31 cha pa 6 March, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) idateteza Xingang Hongcha ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
    * **2020.** Ndi chilengezo cha CNIPA nambala 356, opanga awiri adaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera cha GI-product.
* **Dzina:**
    * “Xingang” (新岗) — tanthauzo lake “phiri latsopano,” dzina la dera ndi nkhalango ya boma.
    * “Hongcha” (红茶, *hóngchá*) — “tiyi wofiira.”
* **Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe:** Kwa Huaiji, Xingang ndi kadongosolo ka tiyi: tauni ya Qiashui mabuku am’deralo amaika m’gulu la midzi khumi ya tiyi ku Guangdong, ndipo tiyi wofiira boma limakweza ngati imodzi mwa zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

**3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zopangira:**

* **Mtundu / Cultivar:** Mitundu malinga ndi chikalata choteteza m’mabuku omwe tapeza palibe. Nyuzi ya “Nanfang” imalemba za Xingang Hongcha ngati “high-mountain qingxin ulong” (青心乌龙), zomwe zingasonyeze mtundu wa zopangira; kutsimikizira m’zikalata m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe. Izi sizisintha gulu la tiyi: dzina ndi ukadaulo ndi wa tiyi wofiira.
* **Kututa:** Nthawi m’mabuku omwe tapeza sinatchulidwe. Magazini ya “Minsheng Zhoukan” imafotokoza lamulo la m’deralo la kututa — “molawirira, mwachinyamata, pafupipafupi” (早、嫩、勤).
* **Muyeso wa kututa:** Mphukira ndi tsamba (一芽一叶); malinga ndi “Minsheng Zhoukan” — mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri.
* **Zofunikira pa zopangira:** Kuchokera m’tauni ya Qiashui.

**4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima:**

* **Dera:** Qiashui ili kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa boma la Huaiji, m’dera la tauniyi muli Dachouding (大稠顶, 1626 m), lalitali kwambiri ku Zhaoqing. Malo ndi mapiri, okhala masitepe. Dera lalikulu — famu ya Xingang — nyuzi ya “Nanfang” imafotokoza ngati malo amene mitambo ndi chifunga zimakhala chaka chonse, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku, ndi mvula yambiri.
* **Kutalika kwa kulima:** “Nanfang” imalemba za zopangira kuchokera kutalika kwa 600 m, “Minsheng Zhoukan” — za minda yoposa 800 m. Ziwerengero m’zikalata zoteteza m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe.
* **Dothi:** Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a m’deralo, ndi lachonde; mtundu wa dothi m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe.
* **Nyengo:** Yofunda ndi yachinyezi; ziwerengero za nyengo m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe.
* **Malo:** Ziwerengero zimasiyana. Malinga ndi magazini ya m’deralo ya 2020, tiyi, kuyambira m’dera la Xingang, adafalikira ku tauni yonse, ndipo pansi pake pali zoposa 8000 mu; “Minsheng Zhoukan” mu 2025 imatchula malo a tiyi wa Xingang kukhala 1000 mu. Dera limene gwero lililonse limawerengera, m’malemba omwe tapeza silinafotokozedwe.

**5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga:**

Magawo khumi ndi limodzi, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a magwero a m’deralo:

* **Kututa (采摘 — *cǎizhāi*):** Mphukira ndi tsamba.
* **Kufota padzuwa (日光萎凋 — *rìguāng wěidiāo*).**
* **Kufota m’nyumba (室内萎凋 — *shìnèi wěidiāo*).**
* **Kukulunga ndi kuumba (揉捻做形 — *róuniǎn zuòxíng*).**
* **Kuthira mphamvu (发酵 — *fājiào*).**
* **Kuyanika koyamba (初烘 — *chūhōng*).**
* **Kukulunga munsalu ndi kuumba (包揉整形 — *bāoróu zhěngxíng*):** Njira ya sukulu ya ulong: tsamba limakulungidwa munsalu ndikugudubuzidwa, kumangitsa kukulunga kwake.
* **Kuyanika kawiri (复烘 — *fùhōng*).**
* **Kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe (定型 — *dìngxíng*).**
* **Kuyanika (干燥 — *gānzào*).**
* **Kuwotcha kuti afungo limveke (焙火提香 — *bèihuǒ tíxiāng*):** Nayenso njira ya sukulu ya ulong.

Kutentha ndi nthawi m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe.

**6. Makhalidwe a Kumva:**

* **Maonekedwe a tsamba louma:** Zikulungidwe zolimba (条索紧结), zakuda, zonyezimira ngati mafuta (乌润油亮).
* **Fungo la tsamba louma:** Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera.
* **Fungo la madzi:** Lamveka bwino la maluwa ndi zipatso (花果香明显); “Minsheng Zhoukan” amafanizira ndi maluwa ndi uchi.
* **Kukoma:** Kwatsopano, kotsekemera pang’ono, ndi kukoma kotsekemera kwanthawi yayitali pambuyo pake (滋味鲜爽嫩甜，回甘持久).
* **Mtundu wa madzi:** Bulauni lofiira, lowala (汤色棕红明亮).
* **Tsamba lotsalira:** Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera.

**7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala:**

Zofotokozera za physicochemical m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe. Malemba otsatsa a m’deralo amanena za kuchuluka kwa anthocyanins, koma njira ndi ziwerengero siziperekedwa; mawuwa sangaganizidwe kuti ndi otsimikizirika.

**8. Ubwino Wathanzi:**

Palibe zofotokozera zotsimikizirika zokhudza zochita za tiyi ameneyu.

**9. Kuthira Madzi:**

Zochita za gulu. Malangizo apadera a Xingang Hongcha m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe; m’munsimu muli magawo okhazikika a tiyi wofiira.

* **Kutentha kwa madzi:** 90–95 °C.
* **Kuchuluka kwa tiyi:** 3–5 g pa 150 ml.
* **Chotengera:** Gawani yoyera ya porcelain kapena teapot — kuti muone mtundu wa madzi.
* **Ndondomeko:**
    1. Tenthetsani chotengera.
    2. Ikani tiyi.
    3. Nyowetsani mwachidule tsamba ndi madzi otentha ndikuthira.
    4. Madzi oyamba — masekondi 15–30 mu gawani.
    5. Thirani kwathunthu.
    6. Kubwereza kuthira ndikuwonjezera masekondi 10–15.

**10. Kusunga:**

Zochita za gulu. Mu phukusi lolimba, pamalo ouma, ozizira, amdima, opanda fungo lachilendo. Firiji sikofunika.

**11. Mitengo ndi Zachinyengo:**

Zambiri za mitengo m’mabuku omwe tapeza kulibe.

* **Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:**
    * Yang’anani pa phukusi chizindikiro chapadera cha GI-product; malinga ndi chilengezo cha CNIPA cha 2020, opanga awiri ali ndi ufulu wa icho.
    * Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali m’tauni ya Qiashui: dera lotetezedwa ndi lomweli lokha.
    * Tsamba — zikulungidwe zakuda zonyezimira zolimba; fungo — lamveka bwino la maluwa ndi zipatso.
    * Madzi a tiyi — bulauni lofiira ndipo lowala.

**12. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi:**

* Mwa magawo khumi ndi limodzi, awiri — kukulunga munsalu ndi kuwotcha kuti afungo limveke — anachokera ku sukulu ya ulong.
* Minda ili m’munsi mwa Dachouding, phiri lalitali kwambiri m’chigawo cha Zhaoqing.
* Nkhalango ya boma, pamene tiyi amakula, malinga ndi magazini ya m’deralo, idakhazikitsidwa kale mu 1956.
* Boma la Huaiji lili ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo; tiyi wofiira ndi imodzi mwazo.

**13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena Ofiira:**

* **Huaiji Hongcha ([怀集红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/huaiji-hongcha)):** Ndemanga ya tiyi ofiira a m’boma lonse la Huaiji; Xingang ndi dzina lotetezedwa la tauni imodzi mkati mwake.
* **Yingde Hongcha ([英德红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/yingde-hongcha)):** Tiyi wofiira wodziwika wa Guangdong wochokera ku tsamba lalikulu; Xingang ndi tiyi wofiira wa kumapiri kuchokera ku nkhalango ya boma ndi njira za ulong mu ukadaulo.
* **Qimen Hongcha ([祁门红茶](https://thetea.app/ny/article/qimen-hongcha)):** Gongfu hong wakale wa Anhui; chigawo china ndi sukulu ina ya kukonza.
* **Dianhong ([滇红](https://thetea.app/ny/article/dianhong)):** Tiyi wofiira wa Yunnan wochokera ku tsamba lalikulu; mtundu wina wa zopangira.

**Pomaliza:**

Xingang Hongcha ndi tiyi wofiira wa kumapiri wa Guangdong wokhala ndi ukadaulo wachilendo, kumene dongosolo la tiyi wofiira limakwaniritsidwa ndi njira ziwiri za ulong. Munda m’munsi mwa phiri lalitali kwambiri la Zhaoqing, chifunga ndi kugudubuza munsalu zimapereka kukulunga kolimba kwakuda, fungo lomveka bwino la maluwa ndi zipatso, ndi kukoma kwatsopano kotsekemera pang’ono. Dera lotetezedwa ndi tauni imodzi, ndipo uwu ndi tiyi wodziwika ndi malo ake.